1、专业八级-150 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：4，分数：20.00)B Age Structures in Mexico and Sweden/BAge structure refers to the percentage of the population in different age(1) _Mexicos age structure is quite different from Swedens in (1) _that the former is like a (2) _with a wider base.
2、In Sweden, the age (2) _structure is shaped like a rectangle, which results from a(n) (3) _ (3) _birth rate and low death rate in early and middle age. In Mexico, thepopulation is expanding rapidly. In Sweden, the population is stable in sizewith a(n) (4) _distribution. (4) _The Effects of Different
3、 Age StructuresAge structures affects population growth:a) A country with a larger percentage of people at the bottom of thepyramid will have a (5) _population growth rate. (5) _b) a larger proportion of women of (6) _age results in a faster (6) _population growth.Age structure affects (7) _: (7) _1
4、) a larger percentage of people of (8) _, age means more wealth (8) _and higher standard of living.2) a larger proportion of children is responsible for more expenditure on(9) _to achieve the same standards. (9) _3) the (10) _rate is likely to be higher for jobs will have to be (10) _found for a lar
5、ger number of graduates.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_BSECTION B/BI Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the int
6、erview./I（分数：5.00）(1).The following cannot be sent for recorded delivery EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.parcelsB.airway parcelsC.mail for the Irish RepublicD.documents of little monetary value(2).Which of the following is NOT TRUE of recorded delivery?（分数：1.00）A.It is signed for by the recipient.B.A record of
7、the delivery is kept by the post office.C.The post office undertakes to deliver it to the addressee in person.D.Recorded delivery mail is carried with the ordinary unregistered post.(3).Which of the following entitles a person to compensation for loss according to Susan?（分数：1.00）A.Unregistered mail.
8、B.Recorded delivery.C.Registered delivery.D.Urgent mail.(4).What can be seht by registered mail?（分数：1.00）A.A first-class letter.B.Urgent mail.C.A railway letter.D.An airway packet.(5).Compensation will not be paid for the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.couponsB.bank notesC.trading stampsD.packetsBSEC
9、TION C/BI Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).The following are the decisions made by European Union on Wednesday EXCEPT that _.（分数：1.00）A.Microsoft should put an end
10、 to its business in EuropeB.Microsoft should pay about six hundred million dollarsC.Microsoft should give information about its Windows systemD.Microsoft should make another version of Windows without using its own software(2).What percentage does Microsoft account for in the software for personal c
11、omputers in the world?（分数：1.00）A.19%.B.90%.C.40%.D.70%.I Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The Group of Seven finance ministers regularly meet to _.（分数：1.00）A.disc
12、uss how to promote international economic growthB.set policy direction for International Monetary FundC.talk about how to meet the challenges posed by globalizationD.discuss how to control production(2).Canadas finance minister was concerned about _.（分数：1.00）A.the impact of globalizationB.the impact
13、 of U. S. budget deficitC.the rise of unemployment rate in ChinaD.the debt relief of the poor countries二、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BFor me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological), and sciences
14、dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of culture achievements, and every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of under
15、standing, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be
16、man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he mu
17、st defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me re
18、call a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the natu
19、re of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit can
20、not resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had been sought disinterestedly.（分数：5.00）(1).The author does not include among the sciences the study of _.（分数：1.00）A.astronomyB.economicsC.anthropologyD.li
21、terature(2).In the paragraphs that follow this passage, we may expect the author to discuss _.（分数：1.00）A.the value of technical researchB.the value of pure researchC.philosophyD.scientific foundations(3).The author points out that the Greeks who studied conic sections _.（分数：1.00）A.were mathematician
22、sB.were interested in navigationC.were unaware of the value of their studiesD.worked with electricity(4).Which one of the following best expresses the idea of this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Technical Progress.B.Mans Distinguishing Characteristics.C.Learning for Its Own Sake.D.The Difference Between Science
23、 and Philosophy.(5).The practical scientist _.（分数：1.00）A.knows the value of what he will discoverB.is interested in the unknownC.knows that the world existsD.is a philosopher1.BTEXT B/BFor most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work,
24、preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and the status we are accorded to a considerable extent as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a
25、corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes in the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological
26、 rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minorit
27、y does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the most cruel and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from
28、the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and hi, mane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest a
29、nd allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and fo
30、r a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable for themselves by those who make the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority has little control over
31、 their work； it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequen
32、ce of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership._BTEXT B/BFor most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and f
33、rom work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and the status we are accorded to a considerable extent as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pret
34、ty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes in the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and t
35、he conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity
36、, imagination, or initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the most cruel and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality
37、 at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and hi, mane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abiliti
38、es. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar wor
39、kers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable for themselves by those who make the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority has little control over their work； it provides them with no
40、opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many work
41、ers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.（分数：5.00）(1).In the writers opinion, people judge others by _.（分数：1.00）A.the type of work they doB.the place where they workC.the time they spend at workD.the amount of money they earn(2).According to
42、the writer, in the future work will _.（分数：1.00）A.matter less than it does nowB.be as important as it is nowC.be better paid than it is nowD.offer more satisfaction than it does now(3).What does the writer think is needed to solve our industrial problems?（分数：1.00）A.A reduction in the number of strike
43、s.B.Equality in salaries.C.A more equal distribution of responsibility.D.An improvement in moral standards.(4).What advantages does the writer say managers have over other workers?（分数：1.00）A.They wont lose their jobs.B.They get time off to attend courses.C.They can work at whatever interests them.D.
44、They can make their own decisions.(5).Working conditions generally remain bad because _.（分数：1.00）A.the workers are quite satisfied with themB.no one can decide what to do about themC.managers see no need to change themD.office workers want to protect their position2.BTEXT C/BIn the United States, th
45、ere is some disagreement (to say the least) over the risks and benefits .of nuclear power. There can be no question that with our electrical power needs increasing rapidly, we cannot rely indefinitely on the earths remaining fossil fuel supply. The question is, can we safely shift our reliance to nu
46、clear fission power plantsconsidering the present state of our knowledge and technology? The American public has, in the past few years, developed a rather strong consensus regarding this question. Nuclear power has fallen into disfavor. The risks seem too great, the reward too smallat least for the
47、 immediate future.It is not likely that an explosion of the type produced by atomic bombs can occur in the kinds of nuclear reactors being used today. However, we still dont know how close we came to a major tragedy at Three Mile Island. A far greater tragedy occurred at a nuclear plant at Chernobyl
48、, in the Soviet Unions Ukraine in 1986. The risks associated with nuclear power, however, are not always so spectacular. Some are of a far subtler nature. For example, radioactivity could be released into the environment from activities related to mining and processing nuclear fuel, from the transportation and recycling of the fuel and from storage of the radioactive was
