1、专业八级-14 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/B In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task
2、 after the mini lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. B The Skills of Essay Writing/B Writing can help you to get your thoughts clear, to
3、 explore some of your ideas and to U(1) /U yourself of important points. The first point about your writing is to figure out the points for which your essay will be U(2) /U. The second point is that your writing should usually follow some U(3) /U. When writing essays, you should have a selection of
4、U(4) /U and the main subject or topic. Keep one eye on the order you have chosen and the other on how you U(5) /U things together. Make sure your order: 1. Fits in with your U(6) /U, so that you are fairly clear what you want to do; 2. Fits in with what you have been asked to do; 3. Makes sense to y
5、our reader; 4. Fits around all of what you want to U(7) /U. The essay should demonstrate a capacity to think critically and to argue in an objective, U(8) /U and informed way. You will be marked according to how well you U(9) /U the issues raised in the question. You should list all the points you f
6、eel are U(10) /U to the answer you wish to give.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following questions is not mentioned by Clara as one might be asked during an interview?（分数：1.00）A.Why are you interested in t
7、he new job?B.How much are you paid in your present job?C.How old are you? Where are you from?D.Where do you live? How do you get to work?(2).What position is Pat applying for?（分数：1.00）A.research managerB.sales managerC.assistant engineerD.research engineer(3).What kind of part time job has Pat taken
8、 for the past two years?（分数：1.00）A.research engineerB.auto mechanicC.sales managerD.motorbike mechanic(4).What kind of degree is Pat going to get when he graduate?（分数：1.00）A.Bachelors degree in engineeringB.Masters degree in engineeringC.Doctors degree in engineeringD.Masters degree in Science(5).Ac
9、cording to the interview, why does Pat decide to leave her present job?（分数：1.00）A.The salary is unsatisfactory.B.The working conditions are very bad.C.She was fired from the present position,D.She wants to find a more challenging job.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：4，分数：5.00)I Question 9 and 10 are based on the
10、following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The bombings took place on _ in central London.（分数：1.00）A.three trains and a busB.three buses and a trainC.three trains and two busesD.three trains and three buses(
11、2).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the report?（分数：1.00）A.Authorities say they have identified three of the four bombers.B.The bombers are British-born men of Afghanistan decent, ranging in age from 19 to 30.C.The police has shifted their focus toward finding out who may ha
12、ve recruited, financed and organized the bombers.D.Britains minister for law-and-order says the country should be prepared for more attacks.1.Which of the following statement is true according to the news report?（分数：1.00）A.Australia is to send 150 special forces troops back to Afghanistan by Novembe
13、r.B.The deployment would last 20 months.C.The decision followed a request for support from the Afghan government, Britain and the United States.D.Members of the special forces unit are unwilling to patrol remote parts of Afghanistan.2.I Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the ne
14、ws item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./IWhere is the group of eight summit to be held this week?（分数：1.00）A.EnglandB.HollandC.IrelandD.Scotland3.I Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to ans
15、wer the question. Now listen to the news./IWhich city is the second to present in the show?（分数：1.00）A.ParisB.New YorkC.MoscowD.London四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)In this section there are several reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then
16、mark your answers on your answer sheet.BTEXT A/BDivorce and out-of-wedlock childbirth are transforming the lives of American children. In the postwar generation more than 80 percent of children grew up in family with two biological parents who were married to each other. By 1980 only 50 percent coul
17、d expect to spend their entire childhood in an intact family. If current minds continue, less than haft of all children born today will live continuously with their own mother and father throughout childhood. Most American children will spend several years in a single mother family. Some will eventu
18、ally live in step-parent families, but because step-families are more likely to break up than intact (by which I mean two-biological parent) families, an increasing number of children will experience family breakup two or even three times during childhood.According to a growing body of social-scient
19、ific evidence, children in families disrupted by divorce and out-of wedlock birth do worse than children in intact families on several measures of well-being. Children in single-parent families are six times as likely to be poor. They are also likely to stay poor longer. Twenty-two percent of childr
20、en in one parent families will experience poverty during childhood for seven years or more, as compared with only two percent (children in two-parent families. A 1988 survey by the National Center for Health Statistics found that children in single-parent families are two to three times as likely as
21、 children in two-parent families to have emotional and behavioral problems. They are also more likely drop out of high school, to get pregnant as teenagers, to abuse drugs, and to be in trouble with the law. Compared with children in intact families, children from disrupted families are at a much hi
22、gher risk for physical or sexual abuse.Contrary to popular belief, many children do not “bounce back“ after divorce or remarriage. Difficulties that are associated with family breakup often persist into adulthood. Children who grow up in single-parent or step-parent families are less successful as a
23、dults, particularly in file two domains of lifelove and workthat are most essential to happiness. Needless to say, not all children experience such negative effects. However, research shows that many children from disrupted families have a harder time achieving intimacy in a relationship, forming a
24、stable marriage, or even holding a steady job.Despite this growing body of evidence, it is nearly impossible to discuses in family structure without giving rise to angry protest. Many people see the discussion as no more than an attack on struggling single mothers and their children: Why blame singl
25、e mothers when they are doing the very best they can? After all, few parent are indifferent to the painful burden their decision to end a marriage or a relationship imposes on their children. Many take the hazardous step toward single parenthood, as a last resort, after their best efforts to hold a
26、marriage together have failed. Consequently, it can seen particularly cruel and unfeeling to remind parents of the hardships their children might suffer as a result of family breakup. Other people believe that the dramatic changes in family structure, though regrettable, are impossible to reverse. F
27、amily breakup is an inevitable feature of American life, and anyone who thinks otherwise is yielding to nostalgia or trying to turn back to the clock. Since these new family forms are here to stay, the reasoning goes, we must give respect to single parents, not criticize them. Typical is the view ex
28、pressed by a Brooklyn woman in a recent letter to The New York Times: “Lets stop moralizing or blaming single parents and unwed mothers, and give them the respect they have earned and the support they deserve.“Such views are not to be dismissed. Indeed, they help W explain why family structure is su
29、ch an explosive issue for Americans. The debate about it is not simply about the social-scientific evidence, although that is surely an important part of the discussion. It is also a debate over deeply held and often conflicting values. How do we begin to reconcile our long-standing belief in equali
30、ty and diversity with m impressive body of evidence that suggests that not all family structures produce outcomes for children? How can we square traditional ideas of public support for dependent women and children with a belief in womens right to pursue freedom and independence in child-bearing and
31、 child-rearing? How do we support the freedom of adults to pursue individual happiness in their private relationships and at the same respond to the needs of children for stability, security, and permanence in their family lives? What do we do when the interests of adults and children conflict? Thes
32、e are difficult issues at stake in the debate over family structure.If we fail to come to m with the relationship between family structure and child wellbeing, then it win be increasingly difficult to improve childrens life prospects, no matter how many new programs the federal government funds. Nor
33、 will we be able to make progress in bettering school performance or reducing crime or improving the quality of the nations future work forceall domestic problems closely connected to family breakup. Worse, we may contribute to the problem by pursuing policies that actually increase family instabili
34、ty and breakup. (867 words)（分数：4.00）(1).Children from disrupted families are less likely to _.（分数：1.00）A.be thrown into prisonB.commit suicideC.get divorced latex in their livesD.be on intimate terms with people(2).The article probably appeals to _.（分数：1.00）A.anyone who regards the debate over famil
35、y structure as an attack on single mothers and their childrenB.anyone who believes in evidence of social-scienceC.people who ignore the issue of changing family structureD.people who respect womens right to pursue freedom and independence in children-bearing and children-rearing(3).The point of the
36、debate over family structure lies in _.（分数：1.00）A.whether we should believe in equality and diversityB.how parents should pursue their individual happinessC.why we should meet the needs of children for a happy familyD.how the breakup of the families threatens the well being of children(4).It can be
37、inferred from the authors view that _.（分数：1.00）A.correct policies should be based on a deep insight into the relationship between family structure and declining child well-beingB.the break-up of the family is bad but the situation cannot be changedC.the funding of new programs by the government may
38、help improve overall child well-beingD.it is best to stop criticizing unwed mothers and give them respectBTEXT B/BThe 10th launch of the space shuttle Challenger was scheduled as the 25th space shuttle mission. Francis R. (Dick) Scobee was the mission commander. The crew included Christa McAuliffe,
39、a high-school teacher from New Hampshire. The five other crew members were Gregory B. Jarvis, Ronald E. McNair, Ellison S. Onizuka, Judith A. Resnik, and Michael J. Smith.After several launch delays, NASA officials overruled the concerns of engineers and ordered a liftoff on a cold morning, Jan. 28,
40、 1986. The mission ended in tragedy. Challenger disintegrated into a ball of fire. The accident occurred 73 seconds into flight, at an altitude of 14020 meters and at about twice the speed of sound.Strictly speaking, Challenger did not explode. Instead, various structural failures caused the spacecr
41、aft to break apart. Although Challenger disintegrated almost without warning, the crew may have briefly been aware that something was wrong. The crew cabin tore loose from the rest of the shuttle and soared through the air. It took almost three minutes for the cabin to fall to the Atlantic Ocean, wh
42、ere it smashed on impact, killing the seven crew members.All shuttle missions were halted while a special commission appointed by President Reagan determined the cause of the accident and what could be done to prevent such disasters from happening again. In June I986, the commission reported that th
43、e accident was caused by a failure of O rings in the shuttles right solid rocket booster. These rubber rings sealed the joint between the two lower segments of the booster. Design flaws in the joint and unusually cold weather during launch caused the O rings to allow hot gases to leak out of the boo
44、ster through the joint. Flames from within the booster streamed past the failed seal and quickly expanded the small hole. The flaming gases then burned a hole in the shuttles external fuel tank. The flames also cut away one of the supporting beams that held the booster to the side of the external ta
45、nk. The booster tore loose and ruptured the tank. The propellants (火箭燃料) from the tank formed a giant fireball as structural failures tore the vehicle apart.The commission said NASAs decision to launch the shuttle was flawed. Top-level decision makers had not been informed of problems with the joint
46、s and O rings or of the possible damaging effects of cold weather.Shuttle designers made several technical modifications, including an improved O-ring design and the addition of a crew bail-out system. Although such a system would not work in all cases, it could save the lives of shuttle crew member
47、s in some situations. Procedural changes included stricter safety reviews and more restrictive launching conditions. The space shuttle resumed flying on Sept.29, 1988, with the launch of the redesigned shuttle Discovery. (465 words)（分数：5.00）(1).The word “overrule“ in the first sentence of paragraph
48、2 means _.（分数：1.00）A.shareB.ignoreC.considerD.know(2).The crew died as a direct result of _.（分数：1.00）A.the smash of the cabin on impact on waterB.the explosion of the spacecraft into a fireballC.the disintegration of the spacecraftD.the breakdown of the booster(3).Investigation by the special commission revealed that _.（分数：1.00）A.top-level NASA officials made an arbitrary decision for takeoffB.designers of the spacecraft failed to assess the problem with the boosterC.cold weather caused the O ring to com
