1、专业八级-149 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/B In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling
2、task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. B Esperanto/B Esperanto was invented a U(1) /U philologist, Dr. Ludwig Lazarus
3、Zamenhof. Esperanto means “U (2) /U“. The vocabulary comes mainly from Western European languages, and the grammar is similar to Slavic languages. It sounds like U(3) /U. It is spoken all over the world by approximately U(4) /U people. As to the learners, it has the advantage that there are no U(5)
4、/U to rules. The main advantage, is that Esperanto is a U(6) /U language. It doesnt have the national, political and cultural U(7) /U that all others of course have. Why not English as the world language? English is easy in the beginning, but then the bridge between basic knowledge and U(8) /U takes
5、 a long time to cross, and many people give up. On the contrary, Esperanto is a very easy language to learn. There are five U(9) /U sounds in Esperanto. The most remarkable thing is that after a very short time learners find that they can express quite U(10) /U deas just as in their own language.（分数
6、：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).When were cats first employed by the Post Office?（分数：1.00）A.In 1968B.In 1886C.In 1868D.In 1866(2).The decision of house-to-house delivery of letters was made during _.（分数：1.00）A.legislationB
7、.celebrationsC.commemorationsD.demonstrations(3).Lucky became the most distinguished cat, because _.（分数：1.00）A.she had eaten all the rats in London post officeB.she had eaten most of the rats in London post officeC.she had saved the life of a childD.she had prevented a conspired robbery(4).Another e
8、xcellent mouse was Jerry, who served a London post office for _ years.（分数：1.00）A.sixB.sixteenC.twenty-fourD.twenty(5).Which of the following changes does not account for the decrease of employed cats today?（分数：1.00）A.Their skills of catching rats have been declining,B.The movement of the mail is fas
9、ter than before.C.The hygienic conditions are better today,D.There are fewer rats in the Post Office.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：4，分数：5.00)1.I Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./IIt is reported t
10、hat the video tapes in the shops show _.（分数：1.00）A.a suspect placing the suspected poisonous drinks on the shelvesB.a suspect stealing bottles of drinksC.a suspect robbing a man of his drinksD.a suspect drinking the poisonous drinks2.Beijing has ordered the immediate vaccination of all domesticated
11、poultry _.（分数：1.00）A.across the whole countryB.across the province of QinghaiC.across the whole northwest of the countryD.across the whole west of the countryI Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now lis
12、ten to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The new strategic agreement calls for closer cooperation in _.（分数：1.00）A.trade and foreign affairsB.politics and economyC.defense and securityD.culture and education(2).Who is the Singaporean Prime Minister scheduled to meet with on Wednesday?（分数：1.00）A.U.S. Secretary
13、of StateB.The leaders of U.S. CongressC.U.S. Secretary of DefenceD.U.S. Secretary of Finance3.I Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./IThe president of Afghanistan has charged the American
14、soldiers of _.（分数：1.00）A.injuring Afghan civiliansB.robbing Afghan banksC.abusing Afghan prisonersD.raping Afghan women四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BMass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion,
15、it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from
16、city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commu
17、te there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were record
18、ed within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building
19、sites to the Chicago region in just thirty yearslots that could have housed five to six million people.Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion re
20、lated to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or Outsi
21、de city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.（分数：4.00）(1).With which of the following subj
22、ects is the passage mainly concerned?（分数：1.00）A.Types of mass transportation.B.Instability of urban life.C.How supply and demand determine land use.D.The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.(2).Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?（分数：1.00）A.To demonstrate positive and ne
23、gative effects of growth.B.To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.C.To show mass transportation changed many cities.D.To contrast their rate of growth.(3).According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?（分数：1.00）A.It was expensive.B.It happened too slow
24、ly.C.It was unplanned.D.It created a demand for public transportation.(4).The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city, _.（分数：1.00）A.which is largeB.which is used as a model for land developmentC.where the development of land exceeded population growthD.with an excelle
25、nt mass transportation systemBTEXT B/BIf you smoke and you still dont believe that theres a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from
26、 a bad case of wishful thinking. This neednt make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Br
27、itain for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.You dont have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm.
28、 The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. Its almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smokin
29、g may, conceivable, be harmful, it doesnt do to shout too loudly about it.This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer resea
30、rch and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.Of course, we are not ready for such a drastic action. But if the governments of the world wer
31、e honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, youd think theyd conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers c
32、oughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisement always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utt
33、er nonsense!For a start, governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform youn
34、g people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warningsay, a picture of a deaths headshould be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals, we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from o
35、urselves.（分数：4.00）(1).Why do a few governments take timid measures toward smoking?（分数：1.00）A.Because they are afraid of people.B.Because diseases cost a lot.C.Because they are afraid of the cutting down of their revenue.D.Because they are afraid of manufacturers.(2).The tone of this passage is _.（分数
36、：1.00）A.criticalB.ironicalC.distasteD.amusing(3).What does the sentence “because you are in good company“ in Para. 1 mean?（分数：1.00）A.Because you are backed by the government.B.Because you are not alone.C.Because you have good colleagues.D.Because governments are blind to evils of smoking too.(4).Whi
37、ch of the following is the best idea of this passage?（分数：1.00）A.World governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.B.World governments take timid measures against smoking.C.Smoking is the most important source of income to many countries.D.Tobacco industry spends a large sum of money
38、 on medical research.BTEXT C/BGreece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from “invisible earnings“ to pay for its needed, growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only
39、285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional 375 million and this washes out the almost 400 million by which imports exceed exports.It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government en
40、ded a recent year with a slight surplus66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties to obtain parliamentary majorities.In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I do
41、nt mean to minimize the vast extent of Greeces problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of 60 to 70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countrysides, cities, and towns of Greece. There
42、are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here:“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and
43、 other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek governments red tape and shrewdness about small points.“Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilt
44、on Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece h
45、ave new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities, Tourism itself has jumped from approximately31 million to over 90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the adven
46、t of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Romewithout the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.（分数：5.00）(1).The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.Greek income and expendituresB.The improving economic situation in GreeceC.The value of t
47、ourismD.Military expenditures(2).Many peasants earn less than _.（分数：1.00）A.60 a weekB.2 a weekC.1 a dayD.10 a month(3).The Greek Government spends _.（分数：1.00）A.more than 25% of its budget on military termsB.More than its collectsC.A third of a billion dollars in goldD.Less than 25% of its budget on
48、military terms(4).According to the passage, Greece has _.（分数：1.00）A.a dictatorshipB.a monarchyC.a single majority partyD.too much red tape(5).Greece imports annually goods and materials _.（分数：1.00）A.totaling almost 700 millionB.that balance exportsC.that are paid by touristsD.costing 66 millionBTEXT D/BTo produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860s to the mid 1800s, thr
