1、专业八级-142 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The ability to move to find new work has long been a cornerstone of the American Dream. There is growing concern that being stuck in place contributes to higher levels of unemployment. Our analysis, t
2、herefore, finds no correlation whatsoever between 1 the percentage of residents who were born in a state and either the overall rate of unemployment and its change over the past year. 2 There is also no correlation between it and the level of income inequality. States with higher percentages of home
3、 grown up 3 residents do however have higher poverty rates. State mobility appears to be related to residents“ perceptions of their future economic conditions. The percentage of residents born in a state is closely associated with the percentage of people in the state who see the economy getting wor
4、se and negatively associated with the 4 percentage who perceive the economy to be getting better. This likely reflects a difference in the levels of income and skills what 5 underlie these divergent perceptions about the economy. State-level mobility is also associated with key dimensions of health
5、and well-being. Low mobility states have higher levels of obesity and smoking and higher levels of happiness and 6 well-being. The percentage of residents born in a state is positively correlated with smoking and obesity, as well as deaths from 7 cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and cancer. Co
6、nverse, the 8 level of happiness or subjective well-being is negatively associated with the percentage of residents born in a state. And many have 9 focused on the economic effects of mobility, our analysis suggests it play an important role in health and happiness as well. 10 （分数：25.00）三、Passage 2(
7、总题数：1，分数：25.00)For a developing country like India whose ecological and socio-economic systems are already under pressure from rapid urbanization, industrialization and economic growth, responding to the additional stress from impacts of climate change present both 1 challenges and opportunities. By
8、 weaving climate change concerns into the fabric of its existing developmental policies, the country would not only be able to ineffectively address the challenges of 2 climate change mitigation and adaptation, but will also be able to attain sustainable development. The impacts of climate change ar
9、e conventionally assessed in terms of their impact on the human and 3 natural system. These impacts would in turn, relate sustainable development 4 largely through their implication on the opportunities for economic development and development planning, on access to resources and on the distribution
10、al effects, especially on the most poor across regions and income groups. Research conducting on the impact of 5 climate change shows that developing countries are probable to 6 bear the brunt as they have fewer resources for coping with the adverse change. In India, climate change could add the add
11、itional 7 stress on ecological and socio-economic systems are already 8 facing tremendous pressures due to rapid urbanization, industrialization and economic development. Though the economy 9 is closely tied to its natural resource base, India with its huge and growing population is considerately vu
12、lnerable to the impact of 10 climate change.（分数：25.00）四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Women were more likely than men to report having understandings about safer behavior, such as agreeing not to get drunk (23 percent of women compared to 14 percent of men). About twice many women as men reported agreeme
13、nts with friends not to 1 have dangerous relationships with someone new during break (17 percent compared to 8 percent). “Students went on a spring break trip were nearly four times as 2 likely as other students to engage to binge drinking,“ said 3 developmental psychologist Megan Patrick, lead auth
14、or of the paper and a Faculty Research Fellow at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research. “ Understandings students had with their friends were also important predictors of alcoholic use.“ 4 Patrick and colleagues at Penn State surveyed 651 college freshmen either before and after s
15、pring break. They were able to 5 control for student behavior after spring break, which was 6 a strong predictor of behavior during break. According to the study, about 31 percent of 651 college freshmen surveying reported binge drinking during spring break. 7 “It“s important to encourage young peop
16、le to talk with their friends being safe during spring break,“ Patrick said. “Agreeing that 8 they won“t drink too much may have an important protected effect. 9 It“s also important to talk about looking out for each other in case of 10 someone does drink too much.“（分数：25.00）五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.
17、00)The government“s continuing failure to address our nation“s gut-wrenching unemployment stems from a fundamental disagreement over how jobs are created in the first place. We are now in the third year of policies predicated on the assumption that government spending creates jobs. We have been 1 sq
18、uandered three years and trillions of dollars of the nation“s wealth on such policies, and they have not worked so they cannot 2 work. Government cannot inject a single dollar into the economy if 3 it has first taken that same dollar out of the economy. True, we can see the job that is saved or crea
19、ted when the government puts that dollar back into the economy. That we can“t 4 see clearly are the jobs that are destroyed or prevented from forming because government has first taken that dollar out of the economy. We see those millions of lost jobs in a chronic unemployment rate and a stagnating
20、economy. Government can transfer jobs from the production sector to 5 the government sector by taking money from one and giving it to the other. That“s the heart of the president“s plan to spend billions 6 of dollars to hire more teachers and firefighters than police 7 officers. But these temporal g
21、overnment jobs come at a steep 8 price: every dollar spent on sustaining one of these jobs is a dollar 9 taken from the same capital pool that would otherwise have been available to productive businesses to invest creating permanent 10 jobs.（分数：25.00）专业八级-142 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDIN
22、G & ERRO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The ability to move to find new work has long been a cornerstone of the American Dream. There is growing concern that being stuck in place contributes to higher levels of unemployment. Our analysis, therefore, finds no correlation whatsoever between
23、1 the percentage of residents who were born in a state and either the overall rate of unemployment and its change over the past year. 2 There is also no correlation between it and the level of income inequality. States with higher percentages of home grown up 3 residents do however have higher pover
24、ty rates. State mobility appears to be related to residents“ perceptions of their future economic conditions. The percentage of residents born in a state is closely associated with the percentage of people in the state who see the economy getting worse and negatively associated with the 4 percentage
25、 who perceive the economy to be getting better. This likely reflects a difference in the levels of income and skills what 5 underlie these divergent perceptions about the economy. State-level mobility is also associated with key dimensions of health and well-being. Low mobility states have higher le
26、vels of obesity and smoking and higher levels of happiness and 6 well-being. The percentage of residents born in a state is positively correlated with smoking and obesity, as well as deaths from 7 cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and cancer. Converse, the 8 level of happiness or subjective wel
27、l-being is negatively associated with the percentage of residents born in a state. And many have 9 focused on the economic effects of mobility, our analysis suggests it play an important role in health and happiness as well. 10 （分数：25.00）解析：thereforehowever解析 语篇错误。由上下文语义判断，此句与前句之间应为转折关系，而不是因果关系。前句提到
28、现在越来越担心停留在一个地方会导致更高的失业率，本句则说二者之间没有关联，后者与前者语义刚好相反，故应改为表示转折关系的副词 however。解析：andor解析 词汇错误。either. or.是固定搭配，意为“或者或者”，此句的意思是“我们的分析发现居住在自己出生州的居民所占的比例与总体的失业率或过去一年失业率的变化之间没有关联”。故应把 and改为 or。解析：up up 解析 词汇错误。home grown 为固定的短语，意为“土生土长的”，此句要表达的意思是“但是土生土长居民比例较高的州确实有较高的贫困率。”故应该删掉 up。解析：gettingas解析 词汇错误。see+doing
29、 表示“看见正在做”，see. as 意为“把看成，视为”。根据上下文的意思，此处应该用 see. as结构，意为“出生在一个州的居民所占的比例与认为本州经济越来越不景气的人所占的比例密切相关。”解析：whatthat/which解析 语法错误。此处是定语从句，修饰先行词 levels of income and skills，且引导词在从句中作主语，故应该用关系代词 that或 which来引导。解析：higherlower解析 语篇错误。根据上下文意思，前半句指出人口流动率低的州肥胖和抽烟的人比例较高，可以判断有幸福安康感的人比例应该较低。故应该把 higher改为 lower。解析：de
30、athswith解析 词汇错误。此处 as well as用作并列连词，意为“除之外(也)”，故此处应该增加一个，with，和 correlated搭配，并与前面的 with smoking and obesity并列。此句的意思是“出生在一个州的居民所占的比例与肥胖症、抽烟以及死于心血管病、心脏病和癌症的比率呈正相关。”解析：ConverseConversely解析 语法错误。converse 是形容词，意为“相反的”，此处应该用副词作句子的状语，故要改为 Conversely。解析：AndWhereas/While解析 语篇错误。根据上下文语义判断，句间的逻辑关系应为对比关系，前半句指出很
31、多研究关注的是人口流动性对经济的影响，后半句则说我们的研究表明人口流动性对人们的健康和幸福起着很重要的作用，二者形成对比，故应把 And改为 While或 Whereas。解析：playplays解析 语法错误。suggest 表示“建议，提议”时。其后的 that从句要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”，其中 should可以省略；当意为“表明，暗示”时，that 从句用真实的语气。此句是第二种用法，意思是“我们的分析表明人口流动性对人们的健康和幸福起着很重要的作用。”由于此处描述的是一般性情况，故从句应该用一般现在时。故把 play改为 plays。三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分
32、数：25.00)For a developing country like India whose ecological and socio-economic systems are already under pressure from rapid urbanization, industrialization and economic growth, responding to the additional stress from impacts of climate change present both 1 challenges and opportunities. By weavin
33、g climate change concerns into the fabric of its existing developmental policies, the country would not only be able to ineffectively address the challenges of 2 climate change mitigation and adaptation, but will also be able to attain sustainable development. The impacts of climate change are conve
34、ntionally assessed in terms of their impact on the human and 3 natural system. These impacts would in turn, relate sustainable development 4 largely through their implication on the opportunities for economic development and development planning, on access to resources and on the distributional effe
35、cts, especially on the most poor across regions and income groups. Research conducting on the impact of 5 climate change shows that developing countries are probable to 6 bear the brunt as they have fewer resources for coping with the adverse change. In India, climate change could add the additional
36、 7 stress on ecological and socio-economic systems are already 8 facing tremendous pressures due to rapid urbanization, industrialization and economic development. Though the economy 9 is closely tied to its natural resource base, India with its huge and growing population is considerately vulnerabl
37、e to the impact of 10 climate change.（分数：25.00）解析：presentpresents解析 语法错误。此句的主语是动名词短语 responding to.,故谓语动词应该用单数形式。解析：ineffectivelyeffectively解析 语篇错误。此句用了 not only. but also.结构表示前后意思的递进，后面说到“可以实现可持续发展”，是往好的方向发展，故可以确定前面也是好的有利的方面，应该把否定意义的词 ineffectively改为 effectively，意为“印度不仅可以有效地应对减缓和适应气候变化的挑战。”解析：their
38、its解析 语篇错误。此处指代的是句子前面的 climate change，应该用单数，表示“气候变化的影响”。解析：relateto解析 词汇错误。relate 作及物动词意为“讲述；把联系起来”，形式多为relate sth. to.，此处不符合这种形式。relate to 为固定搭配，意为“与有关；涉及”，此处要表达的意思是“气候变化的影响进而与经济的可持续发展有关”，故应该加上 to。解析：conductingconducted解析 语法错误。此处分词短语作后置定语修饰 Research, conduct与被修饰词 Research之间是被动关系，故应该改为过去分词 conducted
39、，相当于定语从句 which/that is conducted，意为“对气候变化的影响所做的研究”。解析：probablelikely解析 词汇错误。probable 表示“可能的”，只能用在 It is probable that句型中，而 likely既可用在 It is likely that句型中，也可以用于 be likely to do结构中，表示“可能做”，此处的意思是“发展中国家可能首当其冲”。解析：the the 解析 语法错误。stress 意为“压力”，为抽象名词，除用于特指含义外，the 一般不用在抽象名词前面，此处泛指气候变化会给生态系统和社会经济体系增加额外的压力
40、，没有特指的含义，故不用定冠词 the。解析：arethat/which解析 语法错误。此句前面已经有了谓语 could add，此处的 are只能是从句的谓语，其先行词是 ecological and socio-economic systems，在从句中作主语，故关系代词不能省略，需补上。解析：ThoughAs/Because/Since解析 语篇错误。根据上下文语义判断，句间的逻辑关系应该是因果关系。前句说到印度的经济与自然资源紧密相联，后句则说易受气候变化的影响，前者分析了原因，故应该用表示原因的引导词来替换 Though。注意，这里不能用 for来表示原因，因为 for引导的原因状语
41、从句一般放在主句的后面。解析：consideratelyconsiderably解析 词汇错误。considerately 意为“体贴地”，considerably意为“相当地，非常”，此句的意思是“人口日益增长的印度非常容易受到气候变化的影响。”故应该用considerably，符合上下文语义。四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Women were more likely than men to report having understandings about safer behavior, such as agreeing not to get drunk (23
42、percent of women compared to 14 percent of men). About twice many women as men reported agreements with friends not to 1 have dangerous relationships with someone new during break (17 percent compared to 8 percent). “Students went on a spring break trip were nearly four times as 2 likely as other st
43、udents to engage to binge drinking,“ said 3 developmental psychologist Megan Patrick, lead author of the paper and a Faculty Research Fellow at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research. “ Understandings students had with their friends were also important predictors of alcoholic use.“
44、 4 Patrick and colleagues at Penn State surveyed 651 college freshmen either before and after spring break. They were able to 5 control for student behavior after spring break, which was 6 a strong predictor of behavior during break. According to the study, about 31 percent of 651 college freshmen s
45、urveying reported binge drinking during spring break. 7 “It“s important to encourage young people to talk with their friends being safe during spring break,“ Patrick said. “Agreeing that 8 they won“t drink too much may have an important protected effect. 9 It“s also important to talk about looking o
46、ut for each other in case of 10 someone does drink too much.“（分数：25.00）解析：manyas解析 语法错误。此处是“倍数+as. as”同级比较结构，意为“声称与朋友都同意在放假期间不与陌生人存在危险关系的女性是男性的两倍(17%比 8%)。”解析：wentwho/that 或 wentgoing解析 语法错误。此句的谓语是 were，所以 went应该是定语从句中的谓语，先行词 students在从句中充当主语，故要用关系代词 who或 that引导。或者把 went改为非谓语形式，因其与主语 students之间是主动关系
47、，故可以改为现在分词 going。解析：(engage)toin解析 词汇错误。engage to 表示“与订婚”，而此处是指“参与过量喝酒”，engage in 表示“参加”，符合文意，故将 to改成 in。解析：alcoholicalcohol解析 词汇错误。alcoholic 作形容词，意为“含酒精的”，此处要表达的意思是“使用酒精，喝酒”，故应该用 alcohol符合语义，此处用名词 alcohol作定语，相当于 use of alcohol。解析：eitherboth解析 语篇错误。此句的意思是“Patrick 和同事分别在放假前和放假后对 651名大一学生进行了调查。”故应该用 b
48、oth. and.结构，表示“两者都”。注意，此处不可改为either. or.结构，表示二者中的一个，意为“要么要么”。根据下文语义。此调查要对照受试者放假前的行为和放假期间的行为，因此放假前后都应该进行调查。解析：afterbefore解析 语篇错误。下文的 strong predictor暗示此处的动作应该发生在句末的during break之前，才有可能预示假期行为，故 after应改成 before。此句意思是“他们要有控制学生春假前行为的能力，这是预测学生假期行为的一个重要因素。”解析：surveyingsurveyed解析 语法错误。此处分词作后置定语修饰 college fre
49、shmen，二者之间是被动关系，故应该用过去分词 surveyed，相当于从句 who were surveyed。解析：beingabout解析 词汇错误。这里现在分词 being safe.并不是作伴随状语，全文的主题是如何减少学生假期的危险行为，可知此处“春假期间保持安全”应该是谈话的内容，故应加上 about, talk with sb. about表示“与某人谈论”。解析：protectedprotective解析 词汇错误。protected 作形容词有被动的含义，意为“受保护的”，protective意为“保护的，防护的”，此处意为“有重要的保护作用”，故应改为 protective。解析：of of 或 ofthat 解析 词汇错误。in case of 为固定搭配，是介词短语，后接名词、动名词或代词等，in case(that)作短语连词，可以引导状语从句，其中 that可以省掉，此处后面接的是句子，故应该用短语连词。五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The government“s continuin
