1、专业八级-141 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Having been a student and teacher in China (at Peking and Tsinghua Universities, respectively), I know quite a few Chinese students. Indeed, (1)_ all of them have gone (1) _ to the United States to (2)_ their studies. (2) _ Like
2、the larger body of Chinese students in the United Statestotaling well over 40,000my friends live across the vast expanse of the American continent, on both coasts and in the states in between. They have chosen fields of study ranging from environmental engineering and public policy to history and As
3、ian studies. Yet despite the great diversity among these students in terms of their ages, backgrounds, locations, and majors,(3)_ experiences remain. (3) _ None are more pronounced that the inability of most Chinese students to effectively immerse themselves in American society. It seems to me that
4、the majority of Chinese students in the United States have never made the effort to reach out and embrace American life on its own terms. Instead, most share apartments with one or more fellow Chinese students, speaking Chinese and eating Chinese food on a dally basis. In some respects, it is as if
5、these students had never left China. Interactions with Americans tend to be limited to relatively formal, academic settings, such as the classroom or a professors office. Moreover, few Chinese students participate in campus-wide (4)_ activities, (4) _ such as athletic matches and dances, which would
6、 put them into contact with a diverse array of American young people. Rather, most limit themselves to taking part in programs arranged by the Chinese Students Association and, naturally, these events are generally linked to uniquely Chinese occasions such as the Spring Festival and National Day. As
7、 a result, even Chinese students who have spent years in the United States often difficult to engage American friends in (5)_ conversations about (5) _ such subjects as American politics, race relations, and popular music. In short, they lack a “feel“ for the country. Chinese students widely acknowl
8、edge this phenomenon even as they maintain differing views as to its cause. Some contend that Chinese have difficulty (6)_ the cultural divide on account of such practical considerations as money. (6) _ Because Chinese students come from a developing country and often have to rely on limited scholar
9、ship funds for support, they argue, Chinese students simply do not have the financial means to more fully participate in the extra curricular and social activities which would afford them more (7)_ contact With American (and other foreign) students. (7) _ The truth is, however, that most American st
10、udents are just as poor; it is a common fact of American student life. And in any event, most campus-based social events are (8)_ to meet student needs. (8) _ Others believe that the reason Chinese find acculturation difficult is somewhat more complex. Fundamentally, few Chinese see the chance to st
11、udy in the United States for what it is: a once in lifetime opportunity to get to know another country from the inside. Chinese students typically focus so single-mindedly on their studies that they lose sight of the larger picture, that is, their ultimate role as cultural interpreters between their
12、 homeland and the United States. To be sure, a Chinese student s service as an engineer or biologist is (9)_to Chinas continued economic construction, (9) _ but his or her ability to bridge the divide-or often, the perceived divide-between two distinct cultures is perhaps even more important over th
13、e long run. Today, only a small fraction of the Chinese students who have studied in the United States have returned to China, a proof of both the academic and professional success of Chinese students in the United States and the openness of the society in which they found this success. The contribu
14、tions Chinese students have made to American life are truly striking. Still, I believe that the next generation of Chinese students in the United Statesthose who will begin the 21st century there-will recognize their crucial function in the process of furthering U. S.China understanding. They will r
15、eturn to China in (10)_ numbers to contribute to their countrys (10) _ development in unprecedented ways. I only hope that before these students find their way back to China, they find their way into the heart of America.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
16、_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).When did Post office in Britain employ cats?（分数：1.00）A.In 1868B.In 1886C.In 1898D.In 1889(2).Why were female cats usually employed by the Post Office?（分数：1.00）A.They could work for 24 hours a day.B.They were worse hunters.C.They were more persistent hunters.D.They w
17、orked the whole night.(3).What happened to the cats if the number of mice in a post office didnt decline within 6 months?（分数：1.00）A.They were killed.B.They were punished by not to be given food.C.They had to change job.D.They were dismissed.(4).Why was Lucky awarded the DFC certificate?（分数：1.00）A.Be
18、cause of the great amount of rats she caught.B.Because of her good manner.C.Because of her sudden attack on the burglars.D.She served for 16 years.(5).Does the Post Office still employ cats?（分数：1.00）A.Yes, as fewer than before.B.Yes, but fewer than before.C.Yes, they are not needed any more.D.No. th
19、eir services are discontinued.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)(1).The holiday began as a way to honor soldiers killed during_（分数：1.00）A.Revolutionary WarB.the First World WarC.wars involved AmericaD.the Civil War(2).More than _are buried in Arlington National Cemetery today.（分数：1.00）A.216,000B.206,000C
20、.260,000D.266,000Question 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).According to Mr. Verleger, what is the most important change in the global energy economy in 30
21、years?（分数：1.00）A.the rapid growth in world oil consumptionB.the rise of China and IndiaC.the construction of new pipelines is becoming more difficultD.the rise of oil price(2).Pakistans prime ministers proposal involved_（分数：1.00）A.Persian Gulf, Pakistan and ChinaB.Persian Gulf, Pakistan and IndiaC.P
22、akistan, India and China.D.Persian Gulf and Pakistan1.Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.What is the passage primarily concerned with?（分数：1.00）A.The study of Emu oilB.the use of Emu oilC
23、.The effect of Emu oilD.neither of above choices四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BSince the late 1970s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivity and therefore enhance their international c
24、ompetitiveness through costcutting programs. (Cost-cutting here is definding the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivitythe value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor inputdid not improve; and while the results were better in the business upturn of th
25、e three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the same, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement costcutting, the more they lost their competitive edge. With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25
26、companies: it became clear to me that the costcutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed, Manufacturing regularly observes a“ 40, 40, 20“ rule, roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure (deci
27、sions about the number, size, location, and capacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional costcutting. This rule does not be tried. The well-known tools
28、of this approachincluding simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harder-do produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute. Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathy s
29、 study of automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in costcutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental cha
30、nges in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured, production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output. This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny p
31、inching, mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementinga manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy facturing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a st
32、rategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach, within three years the company regained its c
33、ompetitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs. There is hope for manufacturing, but it clearly rests on a different way of managing.（分数：4.00）(1).The author of the passage is primaril
34、y concerned with_.（分数：1.00）A.summarizing a thesisB.recommending a different approachC.comparing points of viewD.making a series of predictions(2).The authors attitude toward the culture is most factories in best described as_.（分数：1.00）A.cautiousB.criticalC.disinterestedD.respectful(3).In the passage
35、, the author includes all of the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.a business principleB.a definition of productivityC.an example of a successful companyD.an illustration of a process technology.(4).The author suggests that implementing manufacturing competitiveness is a strategy that is_（分数：1.00）A.flawe
36、d and ruinousB.shortsighted and difficult to sustainC.popular and easily accomplishedD.useful but inadequateBTEXT B/BAt last her efforts bore fruit. Burton was appointed to Santos, in Brazil, where Isabel might also go. They made their farewell rounds and Isabel learnt Portuguese while she packed up
37、. At Lisbon three, inch cockroaches seethed about the floor of their room. Isabel was caught off her guard, but Burton was brutal,“ I suppose you think you look very pretty, standing on that chair and howling at those innocent creatures.“ Isabels reaction was typical. She reflected that of course he
38、 was right; if she had to live in a country full of such creatures, and worse, she had better pull herself together. She got down and started lashing out with a slipper. In two hours she had got a bag of ninety-seven.On arrival in Brazil she found that Portuguese fauna had been nothing. Now there we
39、re spiders, as big as crabs. In the matter of tropical diseases it seems to have ranked with darkest Africa; there were slaves, too, and in a society where men drank brandy for breakfast, no one condemned the habit of chaining mad slave to the roof-top as a sort of domestic pet, or clown. There was
40、cholera too, and the less dramatic but agonizing local boils,“ so close you could not put a pin through them.“The Emperor found the new Consul and his wife a great addition to the country, and once again Burtons wonderful conversation held his audience spellbound. But chic Brazilians looked askance
41、at Isabel wading barefoot in the streams, bottling snakes, painting and doing up a ruined chapel, or accompanying Richard on expeditions to the virgin interior. There were gymnastics and cold baths, and Mass and market,“ helping Richard with Literature“ (his writing was always in capitals to her) an
42、d the wearisome pages of Foreign Office reports she was always so loyal and dutiful in copying out for him.About now, a note of sadness creeps into Isabels letters home. We sense an immense loneliness behind the courage with which she always faced life. Richard was going through a particularly tryin
43、g phase. The explorer was dying hard, strangled in office tape. He would cut loose and disappear for weeks at a time, returning as bitter and restless as when he left. It was she who held everything together and kept up the facade, both with the Foreign Office, who were constantly making the most aw
44、kward enquiries, and the local society, who were equally curious. There were few diversions for her,Richard preferred discussing metaphysics and astronomy with the Capuchin monks to going to the local dances. She was learning now to be self-sufficient, to manage, unobtrusively, the practical side of
45、 their lives, and to rough it, both physically and emotionally. She had to combine the shadow-like devotion of the Oriental woman with a fighting spirit seldom found in women, and certainly not in most Victorian women.（分数：3.00）(1).We can conclude that Isabel Burton（分数：1.00）A.had been trying to get h
46、er husband a job in a place where she could go with him.B.had been trying to get her husband a job in Brazil.C.was always trying to plant fruit trees from Brazil.D.was always trying to make great efforts in Brazil.(2).When her husband laughed at her reaction, Isabel decided（分数：1.00）A.to hit her husb
47、and with a slipper.B.to carry on calmly with what she was doing.C.to pull herself towards the chair she was standing on.D.to calm down and behave sensibly.(3).Although he was employed by Foreign Office, Richard Burton was（分数：1.00）A.interested in becoming a monk or an emplorer.B.very interested in hi
48、s work and a number of other things.C.bored by his work and his duties.D.bored by his work and his many other interests and activities.BTEXT C/BThe year which preceded my fathers death made great change in my life. I had been living in New Jersey, working in defense plants, working and living among southerners, white and black. I knew about the south, of course, and about how southerners treated Negroes and how they expected them to behave, but it had never entered my mind that anyone would look at me and expect me t
