1、专业八级-140 (1)及答案解析(总分：98.98，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：4，分数：19.00)BFiction and Reality/BThe relationship between fiction and reality1. Fiction: the(1) _reflection of reality (1) _.Reality: the(2) _of the creation of fiction (2) _.e.g. Why Tortoises Shell Is Not SmoothThe writers purpose: to reve
2、al(3) _ (3) _.2. Fiction: the(4) _recreation of reality (4) _.-it gives us the impression of(5) _ (5) _.e.g. Carton in A Tale of Two CitiesRebecca in Vanity Fair-Fiction: the reflection of life based on their(6) _thought and judgment (6) _.-Typical characters: an element(7) _the art of fiction (7) _
3、.3.Fiction:(8) _on reality (8) _.e.g. Robinson Crusoe: the(9) _of conqueror, adventure and expansion (9) _.Robinson Complex: a great(10) _driving peoples pursuit of happiness (10) _.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_SECTION BQuestions 1 to 5
4、 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：4.98）(1).According to the interviewee Mrs, Sutter, the mason for limiting population is that -|_|-.（分数：0.83）A.population is directly rel
5、ated to consuming food and other resources which are being run outB.underdeveloped countries have great problems in increasing productivity to produce more materialsC.people are destroying living environmentD.there is less space for people to live in(2).Why is it necessary to limit population even i
6、n Europe and America?（分数：0.83）A.They can save more to meet the needs of underdeveloped world.B.Europe and America shouldnt shirk the responsibility of the whole world.C.The number of people in Europe and America is no less than that in underdeveloped world.D.Europe and America consume a far greater
7、proportion of the worlds resources and food.(3).Under what circumstances is it possible to increase population?（分数：0.83）A.We increase productivity and produce more food.B.We eat less food and use less material.C.We find another planet to live on.D.The developed world is willing to help the underdeve
8、loped world.(4).Free birth control technique should be compulsory for all the people EXCEPT -|_|-.（分数：0.83）A.upper-middle class peopleB.high IQ intelligentsiaC.those who have less than 3 childrenD.those who have more than 3 children(5).What is this interview mainly about?（分数：0.83）A.The need to contr
9、ol population both in underdeveloped and developed world.B.How to control population in Europe.C.Scarcity of food in the world.D.Population and Environment._IQuestions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now liste
10、n to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).According to a top Ethiopian official, the border war will continue _.（分数：1.00）A.unless Eritrea stops fightingB.unless both countries agree to the peace planC.unless Ethiopia has seized all the land it lost beforeD.unless a peace plan is proposed(2).What were the Ethiopi
11、ans doing during the gathering?（分数：1.00）A.They are being encouraged to take arms and fight for their country.B.They were only listening to a speech delivered by the ministration.C.They are making a declaration of war.D.They are celebrating a victory.IQuestion 9 to 10 are based on the following news.
12、 At the end of the news item. you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).What happened to Sonny?（分数：1.00）A.He was injured in the head.B.He hit a tree.C.He was lost.D.He died in a car accident.(2).Mr. Bono was all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.a
13、press secretaryB.an entertainerC.a congress manD.a popular singer二、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BAs we have seen in earlier chapters, the American definition of success is largely one of acquiring wealth and a higher material standard of living. It is not surprising, therefore, that America
14、ns have valued education for its monetary value. The belief is wide spread in the United States that the more schooling people have, the more money they will earn when they leave school. The belief is strongest regarding the desirability of an undergraduate university degree, or a professional degre
15、e such as medicine or law following the undergraduate degree. The money value of graduate degrees in “nonprofessional“ fields such as art, history, or philosophy is not as great.This belief in the monetary value of education is supported by statistics on income. Ben Wattenberg, a social scientist, e
16、stimated that in the course of a lifetime a man with a college degree in 1972 would earn about￥380. 000 more than a man with just a high school diploma. Perhaps this helps to explain Survey findings which showed that Americans who wished they had led their lives differently in some way regretted mos
17、t of all that they did net get more education.The regret is shared by those who have made it to the top and by those who have not. Journalist Richard Reeves quotes a black worker in a Ford automobile factory.“When I was in the ninth grade, I was getting bad grades and messing around. My father came
18、home in the kitchen one night with a pair of Ford work punts and he threw them in my face. Put these on, he said, because youre going to be wearing them the rest of your life if you dont get an education. “Douglas Fraser, the president of the United Auto Workers Union, regretted not finishing high s
19、chool so much that he occasionally lied about it. He told Richard Reeves about his pride in graduating from high school, but then a few minutes later he said:“I wasnt telling the truth about high school. I never finished. I quit in the twelfth grade to take a job. Its funny after all these years, I
20、still lie about it. Because the fact is, I still think it was a stupid thing to do. I should have finished my education.“Even a man like Fraser, a nationally known and successful leader, was troubled by regrets that he did not climb higher on the educational ladder.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the main idea
21、 of this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Americans place a high value on education.B.Americans believe it is possible, though difficult, to be successful without an advanced degree.C.Americans believe that the more the education, the higher the salary.D.A basic American value is acquiring material wealth.(2).Whi
22、ch of the following degrees would probably be most valued by Americans?（分数：1.00）A.A masters degree in literature.B.A masters degree in specialized fields.C.A masters degree in pure maths.D.A masters degree in anthropology.(3).The survey conducted by Ben suggested that people _ regretted most having
23、not got more education.（分数：1.00）A.who hoped to teachB.who were not content with their own way of livingC.who were proud of their social positionsD.who had quit high schools too early(4).When the factory worker in the third paragraph was a teenager, his father _.（分数：1.00）A.wanted him to start earning
24、 a livingB.wanted him to study harderC.wanted him to work with him at the Ford plantD.wanted him to stop wearing such messy clothes(5).Which of the following is TRUE about Douglas Fraser?（分数：1.00）A.He was proud to have finished high school education.B.He became a successful leader thanks to his educ
25、ation.C.He wished he hadnt dropped out of school.D.He was a liar.1.BTEXT B/BWhat our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be. Such consensus cannot be gained from societys present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For tha
26、t the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homers epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and
27、by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these, But the United States is a country of immigr
28、ants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would cou
29、nteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In his study of narcissism, Christopher Lasch says that modem man, “tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for“. There is
30、 widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as ate found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of great individual differences, at least in principle and in theor
31、y. But this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus,
32、it must be based on a myth-a vision-about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by
33、comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolation, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness -in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and value
34、s._BTEXT B/BWhat our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be. Such consensus cannot be gained from societys present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future t
35、oo uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homers epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and orga
36、nize their societies.Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these, But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has bee
37、n emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In his study
38、 of narcissism, Christopher Lasch says that modem man, “tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for“. There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and w
39、e have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as ate found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory. But this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in
40、the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth-a vision-about a common experience, a
41、 conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that f
42、orm the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolation, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness -in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.（分数：5.00）(1).In the authors view, the greatest trouble with th
43、e US society lies in the _.（分数：1.00）A.lack of serious disagreement over the organizations of social lifeB.non-existence of unanimity on the forms the society should takeC.general denying of its conformity with what it was unexpected to beD.public negation of the consensus on how to conduct social re
44、forms(2).Homers epics mentioned in Paragraph 1 exemplify the fact that _.（分数：1.00）A.the present is varying too fast to be caught up easilyB.the future may be so indefinite as to be unpredictableC.the past can help to shape a consensus in the presentD.the past determines social moralities for later g
45、enerations(3).The asocial personality of Americans results from _.（分数：1.00）A.the multiracial constituents of the US societyB.the absence of a common religion and ancestryC.the want of shared myths they possess in lifeD.the obstruction of achieving a general agreement(4).It can be inferred from Parag
46、raph 2 that Christopher Lasch is most probably _.（分数：1.00）A.an earnest nationalistB.an advanced psychologistC.a radical reformerD.a social historian(5).The author concludes that only shared myths can help Americans _.（分数：1.00）A.bring about the uniformity of their cultureB.diminish their great indivi
47、dual differencesC.avoid the sense of being isolated and anxiousD.regain the feelings of social values and morale2.BTEXT C/BOn an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active“ euthanasia: intentionally administering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can effect an ultimate cure. “Active“ euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books punishable by 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases o
