1、专业八级-137 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING some 50,000 are killed. Auto insurance of course cannot reduce the deaths, the injuries, or the damages, and it does offer 1 protection against the financial risks of auto ownership and operation. The principle decisions to be made by auto insuranc
2、e buyers 2 are what coverage to buy, what amounts of insurance to buy, and what agent and company to buy. 3 Auto liability coverage is essential. No one should drive a car without protection against the potential high cost of lawsuits. In 4 some U.S. states liability insurance is required by law. Be
3、cause of 5 the size of lawsuits cannot be predicted, there is no way to know in advancement how much protection will be needed. In deciding 6 upon the amount, consumers should realize that the extra cost of high limits is relatively small. Double the cost of the limits, for 7 example, does not doubl
4、e the cost of the protection. Agents should be asked the cost of several different limits for the buyer to choose among. Reasonably high amounts of liability protection should be a high priority objective. Medical payments coverage is less important than liability protection. It is most important in
5、 the states with strong and 8 effective auto no-fault laws; there the mandatory PIP (Personal Injury Protection) provides sufficient coverage for medical expenses. Medical payments insurance is also necessary for people 9 who has adequate health insurance protection. The minimum 10 amount of medical
6、 payments insurance in the United States is $500 per person. If the protection is needed, higher amounts should be purchased.（分数：25.00）三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Stopping cigarette smoking has become a big problem for all governments. In democratic countries, the economic strength of the tobacco ind
7、ustry is such great that measures taken by 1 governments to protect the rights of non-smokers cannot be applied efficiently. In some undemocratic countries, on the other 2 hand, governments cannot be trusted and they lack the motivation to deal with the problem. However under any political system, 3
8、 social conditioning and chemical habit make banning tobacco a 4 formidable task and one that would take a long time. Yet, current information campaigns are failing as worldwide use increases faster than the population. Totally banning cigarette smoking so far as has been unsuccessful in all countri
9、es. An 5 alternative approach includes neither the prohibition of smoking in 6 the workplace and public buildings or the strict limitation of smoking to specific areas. This movement may be the greatest 7 success of the information campaign against tobacco. Its leaders insist that despite the contin
10、ued sale, advertising, and use of tobacco, non-smokers have every right to be exposed to the 8 carcinogens, carbon monoxide, and irritants in tobacco smoke. Such a campaign can have three important effects. First of all, by banning the use of tobacco from places that non-smokers would 9 be exposed,
11、thousands of lives may be saved. Second, by forcing 10 smokers to give up their habit while in the presence of non-smokers will provide them with an added force to quit. And third, by stigmatizing tobacco use as dangerous and antisocial, the campaign for non-smokers“ rights can accomplish a goal of
12、all anti-smoking information campaigns: to make smoking socially unattractive.（分数：25.00）四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)New research from the United States suggests that the millennia-old therapy of yoga could benefit millions of people who suffered from back problems. In an article published in the Anna
13、ls 1 of Internal Medicine on December 20, researchers concluded that yoga was a effective treatment for back pain than conventional 2 therapy. A study conducting at the Group Health Cooperative In 3 Washington State required 101 adults to follow a choice of remedial treatments-a 12-week course in yo
14、ga, 12 weeks of standard therapeutic exercise or the same period following instructions in the self-help book. The results showed yoga both 4 expedited relief from pain and had longer lasting benefits. Lead researcher Dr. Karen Sherman said this was because “mind and body effects“ were in the collus
15、ion. 5 The article states that: “Most treatments for chronic low back pain have modest efficacy at best. Exercise is one of the few proven treatments. however, its effects are often small, and no form has been shown to be clear better than another. Yoga, which 6 often couples physical exercise with
16、breathing, is a popular alternative form of “mind-body“ therapy. It may benefit patients with back pain simply because it involves exercise or because its 7 effects on mental focus. We found no published studies in western biomedical literacy that evaluated yoga for chronic low back pain; 8 moreover
17、, we designed a clinical trial to evaluate its 9 effectiveness.“ Millions of people worldwide swear at yoga to 10 improve their mental and physical health.（分数：25.00）五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Colleges and Universities, institutions of higher education that offer programs beyond the high school level
18、. Colleges and universities provide necessary training for individuals are wishing 1 to enter professional careers. They also strive to develop students“ creativity, insight, and analysis skills. By acquainting students with 2 complex ideas in an intellectual stimulating environment, colleges 3 and
19、universities can provide unique opportunities with personal 4 enrichment while also preparing students for future careers. Such diverse professions as engineering, teaching, law, medicine, and information science all require a college education. Most require training in graduate or professional scho
20、ol as well. Increasingly, even less specialized jobs acquire some 5 postsecondary education. The development of new technologies and the globalization of the world economy have created high demand for workers with computer, communications, and other occupational skills that can be acquired at colleg
21、es or universities. For example, computers and other new technologies have eliminated many low-skilled jobs in variety of fields, but these 6 same technologies have created widespread job opportunities for those who have the proper training. In addition, employees 7 increasingly seek out college gra
22、duates who have gained the critical thinking and problem-solving skills necessary to adopt to 8 changing economic conditions. Students who live away from home during their college or university years typically experience a major turning point in their lives that has nothing to do with academics or p
23、rofessional 9 training. For example, college offers many recent high school graduates their first opportunity to live on their own. Most first-year students welcome this increased independence, and 10 many also find that living away from home, family, and friends can introduce unexpected challenges.
24、（分数：25.00）专业八级-137 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING some 50,000 are killed. Auto insurance of course cannot reduce the deaths, the injuries, or the damages, and it does offer 1 protection against the financial risks of auto ownership and operation. The principle decisions to be made by auto
25、 insurance buyers 2 are what coverage to buy, what amounts of insurance to buy, and what agent and company to buy. 3 Auto liability coverage is essential. No one should drive a car without protection against the potential high cost of lawsuits. In 4 some U.S. states liability insurance is required b
26、y law. Because of 5 the size of lawsuits cannot be predicted, there is no way to know in advancement how much protection will be needed. In deciding 6 upon the amount, consumers should realize that the extra cost of high limits is relatively small. Double the cost of the limits, for 7 example, does
27、not double the cost of the protection. Agents should be asked the cost of several different limits for the buyer to choose among. Reasonably high amounts of liability protection should be a high priority objective. Medical payments coverage is less important than liability protection. It is most imp
28、ortant in the states with strong and 8 effective auto no-fault laws; there the mandatory PIP (Personal Injury Protection) provides sufficient coverage for medical expenses. Medical payments insurance is also necessary for people 9 who has adequate health insurance protection. The minimum 10 amount o
29、f medical payments insurance in the United States is $500 per person. If the protection is needed, higher amounts should be purchased.（分数：25.00）解析：andbut解析 语篇错误。前半句提到“汽车保险不能减少事故的发生”，后半句表明“汽车保险能给汽车所有权和营运的经济风险提供保护”。两分句之间是转折关系，and 是并列连词，but 是转折连词，因此要将 and改为 but。解析：principleprincipal解析 词汇错误。此处考查形近词的辨析。p
30、rinciple 为名词，意为“原则，道义；基本信念”，放在此处不符合上下文语义。principal 作形容词时，表示“主要的，首要的”，此处修饰名词 decisions，整句意为“购买车险时，车主主要要做的几个决定是购买的车险种类、金额以及向哪家保险公司购买。”解析：(to)buyfrom解析 语法错误。此处若缺少 from，表示的则是“要买哪家代理商和公司”的意思，显然与语境不符，这里应该表示“从哪家代理商或公司购买车险”，buy sth. from sb.为固定搭配，意思为“向购买”，因此要增加 from。解析：potentialpotentially解析 语法错误。此处是用来修饰后面的
31、形容词 high，所以要改为potential的副词形式 potentially。解析：of of 解析 词汇错误。because 是连词，引导原因状语从句，because of 也是表示原因，但是后面接名词或代词。此处后接一个完整的句子，故应该去掉 of,直接用 because来引导。整句意为“因为诉讼案件的大小无法被预估，所以也无法提前得知将会需要多少保护。”解析：advancementadvance解析 词汇错误。advancement 是名词，意思为“前进；促进”，advance可以用作名词、动词或形容词，在这里和 in构成固定搭配，in advance 意思为“提前”。解析：Doub
32、leDoubling解析 语法错误。此句中 for example为插入语，遮住不看可发现，此处缺主语，将 Double改成其动名词形式，则动名词短语 Doubling the cost. of the limits作为整句的主语，谓语是 does not, double，此句意为“例如，将限额的成本翻倍，保护金也不会升至两倍”。解析：mostleast解析 语篇错误。前句提到跟责任险相比，医疗险不如责任险那么重要。此句后半部分表明在那些制定了强制有效的无过失汽车法的州里，人身伤害保护险(PIP)能提供足够的资金来支付医疗支出。可以看出前后句的意思一致，都是说明医疗险的重要性不大。故此处要将
33、most改为 least。解析：necessaryunnecessary解析 语篇错误。由上文可推出，医疗险在无过失法则的保护下，重要性不大。同样，对购买了足够的医疗健康保险的人来说，汽车医疗险也不是必要的。因此要将 necessary改为其反义词 unnecessary。解析：hashave解析 语法错误。who 引导定语从句，其先行词是 people而不是 insurance，people表示复数含义，因此要将 has改为 have。三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Stopping cigarette smoking has become a big problem
34、for all governments. In democratic countries, the economic strength of the tobacco industry is such great that measures taken by 1 governments to protect the rights of non-smokers cannot be applied efficiently. In some undemocratic countries, on the other 2 hand, governments cannot be trusted and th
35、ey lack the motivation to deal with the problem. However under any political system, 3 social conditioning and chemical habit make banning tobacco a 4 formidable task and one that would take a long time. Yet, current information campaigns are failing as worldwide use increases faster than the popula
36、tion. Totally banning cigarette smoking so far as has been unsuccessful in all countries. An 5 alternative approach includes neither the prohibition of smoking in 6 the workplace and public buildings or the strict limitation of smoking to specific areas. This movement may be the greatest 7 success o
37、f the information campaign against tobacco. Its leaders insist that despite the continued sale, advertising, and use of tobacco, non-smokers have every right to be exposed to the 8 carcinogens, carbon monoxide, and irritants in tobacco smoke. Such a campaign can have three important effects. First o
38、f all, by banning the use of tobacco from places that non-smokers would 9 be exposed, thousands of lives may be saved. Second, by forcing 10 smokers to give up their habit while in the presence of non-smokers will provide them with an added force to quit. And third, by stigmatizing tobacco use as da
39、ngerous and antisocial, the campaign for non-smokers“ rights can accomplish a goal of all anti-smoking information campaigns: to make smoking socially unattractive.（分数：25.00）解析：suchso解析 词汇错误。由后面的 that可以推测此处是用 so.that的句型，表示“太以致”，so 后边接形容词或副词。本句意为“烟草行业的经济实力如此强大以致政府用来保护不吸烟人群的措施无法得到有效应用”。suchthat 作“如此以致
40、”解时，such 后边要用名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)，由此可知，此处应改成 so。解析：efficientlyeffectively解析 词汇错误。efficiently 意为“高效地”，effectively 意为“有效地”。由开头句“禁烟是个大难题”可知，此处“高效”的标准应该还达不到，而是指“有效地应用”，故该选用 effectively。解析：HoweverAnd解析 语篇错误。上文提出，“从另一方面来说，在非民主国家，政府不被信任，也缺乏处理这个问题的动机”，紧接着分析了“在任何政治体系中，社会条件以及对烟草中化学物质的习惯性成瘾使得禁烟成为一个难以解决的任务”。两
41、个句子间应该是并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以这里应该用 And。解析：habithabituation解析 词汇错误。此处 and连接两个名词，habit 意思为“习惯，习性”，这里与 chemical搭配，语义不明。habituation 表示“成瘾，对(麻醉品)的适应”，放在此处符合上下文语义。表示“对烟草中化学物质的习惯成瘾”。解析：as as 解析 词汇错误。so far as 意为“只要；达到的程度”，so far 意为“到目前为止”，常与完成时搭配。根据此句含义“到目前为止，全面禁烟在所有国家都没有取得胜利”，此处应该删掉 as，表示“到目前为止，迄今”。解析：neithereit
42、her解析 词汇错误。either 和下文中的 or形成搭配，意思为“或者或者”，neither.nor.的意思为“既不也不”。此句表示“在工作场合、公共场合或某些特定场合实行禁烟是个不错的选择”。解析：specificspecified解析 词汇错误。两个词都有“特定的”的意思。不过 specific更侧重于指事物内容“具体的，确切的”，而 specified则表示“指定的”，这里与 areas搭配更适合，表示“某些指定场所”，所以应该选用 specified。解析：(right)tonot 或 exposedunexposed解析 语篇错误。全文都是讲禁烟，这里对于非烟民而言，应该是有权“
43、不使”自己暴露于这样的环境中，所以应该增加一个否定含义的词 not，或可将exposed改为 unexposed。解析：thatwhere解析 语法错误。引导定语从句的关系代词 that，可以作为从句中的主语、宾语等成分，但在此句中，从句所修饰的先行词 places在从句中作地点状语，所以应该改为关系副词 where。解析：by by 解析 语法错误。by doing sth. 表方式，在句子里充当状语成分，而本句中动名词短语 forcing smokers to give up their habit是作主语，所以要将 by删掉。四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)New
44、research from the United States suggests that the millennia-old therapy of yoga could benefit millions of people who suffered from back problems. In an article published in the Annals 1 of Internal Medicine on December 20, researchers concluded that yoga was a effective treatment for back pain than
45、conventional 2 therapy. A study conducting at the Group Health Cooperative In 3 Washington State required 101 adults to follow a choice of remedial treatments-a 12-week course in yoga, 12 weeks of standard therapeutic exercise or the same period following instructions in the self-help book. The resu
46、lts showed yoga both 4 expedited relief from pain and had longer lasting benefits. Lead researcher Dr. Karen Sherman said this was because “mind and body effects“ were in the collusion. 5 The article states that: “Most treatments for chronic low back pain have modest efficacy at best. Exercise is on
47、e of the few proven treatments. however, its effects are often small, and no form has been shown to be clear better than another. Yoga, which 6 often couples physical exercise with breathing, is a popular alternative form of “mind-body“ therapy. It may benefit patients with back pain simply because
48、it involves exercise or because its 7 effects on mental focus. We found no published studies in western biomedical literacy that evaluated yoga for chronic low back pain; 8 moreover, we designed a clinical trial to evaluate its 9 effectiveness.“ Millions of people worldwide swear at yoga to 10 impro
49、ve their mental and physical health.（分数：25.00）解析：sufferedsuffer解析 语法错误。who 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 people。整句的时态是一般现在时，主句中的谓语动词 suggests已明确表示，且此处的定语没有特指过去的含义，因此定语从句中的时态也应该跟主句一致。本句的含义为“美国一项新的研究表明，有千年历史的瑜伽治疗法是一个能惠及上百万背部伤痛患者的治疗方法。”解析：effectivemore解析 语法错误。本题有一定干扰性，一般情况下可能会选择把以元音开头的effective前的不定冠词 a变成 an，但即使作了如此修改，仍旧不能和后面的 than构成比较结构，所以此处要加上比较级 more。此句的意思为“the Annals of Internal Medicine 上的一篇论文得出结论：瑜伽比传统治疗方法更行之有效。”解析：conductingconducted解析 语法错误。conduct at. State 作后置定语修饰前面的 A study, conduct和 study之间为被动关系，研究是“开展”这一
