1、专业八级-137 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BThree Main Literary Forms/BB. Poetry/BEssential features:-evokingU (1) /U (1)_-creating a(n)U (2) /U (2)_-imagination-leading to newU (3) /U, new feelings and experience (3)_ B. Fiction/BA. Short storyDefinition: a relatively br
2、iefU (4) /U (4)_-subject matter: single incidents in daily life-essential features:U (5) /U, unity and (5)_U (6) /U (6)_B. NovelOne important technique:U (7) /U (7)_Three methods:-explicit presentation throughU (8) /U (8)_-presentation of character inU (9) /U (9)_ presentation from within a characte
3、rB. Drama/BOrigin: ancient Greek festival activitiesStructures of a play-exposition-rising action-U (10) /U (10)_-falling action-endingNew styles and forms（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)I Questions 1 to 5 are
4、based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview./I（分数：5.00）(1).Before Jose Martinez set up his pizza delivery service, he（分数：1.00）A.tested samples on potential clients.B.handed out product que
5、stionnaires.C.assessed demand in different areas.D.trained staff for a few months.(2).According to Jose Martinez, the Spanish fast food business（分数：1.00）A.is different from that of the U. S.B.has slowed slightly in its rate of growth.C.employs an increasing number of women.D.is experiencing a hard t
6、ime.(3).Jose Martinez wants his trainee managers to（分数：1.00）A.develop a competitive attitude.B.try out some of the shop-floor jobs.C.spend some time working abroad.D.own an excellent academic records.(4).Jose Martinez left the first company he worked for because it（分数：1.00）A.set the staff impossible
7、 targets.B.offered insufficient financial rewards.C.provided inadequate support.D.offered staff few promotion opportunities.(5).What does Jose Martinez plan to do in the future?（分数：1.00）A.Develop a chain of restaurants.B.Set up a franchise operation.C.Expand into the frozen food market.D.Open more b
8、ranches abroad.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.I Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.IQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you
9、 will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).How many students were killed in the gunshot?（分数：1.00）A.At least 8.B.More that 30.C.At least 120.D.Not mentioned.(2).Which of the following was NOT true according to the news?（分数：1.00）A.Israel is opt
10、imistic about U.S. -sponsored peace talks.B.The UN Security Council did not agree on a presidential statement condemning the Jerusalem attack.C.Spokesman of Israeli Foreign Ministry said Israel would not tolerate terrorism.D.Witness said the gunman committed suicide after the killing.I Questions 7 a
11、nd 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The price drop of crude oil is beneficial in that it（分数：1.00）A.helps to revitalize the world economy.B.promotes oil export to oth
12、er nations.C.helps to push up the regional economy.D.provides an opportunity to the oil exporters.(2).From the news, we can infer that those economic managers in Washington _the recent state of crude markets.（分数：1.00）A.are pessimistic aboutB.are indifferent toC.have underestimatedD.are in favor of四、
13、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BInternet advertising is booming. The industry has gone from $ 9.6 billion in revenue in 2001 to $ 27 billion this year, according to Piper J affray, an investment bank. And it is still early days. The internet accounts for only 5% of total spending on advertisi
14、ng, but that figure is expected to reach at least 20% in the next few years. The single largest category within this flourishing industry, accounting for nearly half of all spending, is “pay-per-click advertising, which is used by firms both large and small to promote their wares.It works like this.
15、 Advertisers bid on keywords that they believe potential customers will be interested in. This enables Internet firms such as Google, the market leader, and Yahoo!, its smaller rival, to display advertisements alongside the results of Internet searches. Somebody searching for a particular type of wi
16、ne, for example, might see advertisements from wine merchants. Google, Yahoo! and other firms also place ads on affiliates websites-so wine merchants advertisements might also appear on a wine-appreciation site. The advertiser pays only when a consumer clicks on an ad; the owner of the website where
17、 the ad was displayed then receives a small commission.The benefits of the pay-per-click approach over traditional advertising are obvious. Since advertisers pay only to reach the small subset who actually respond to an advertisement, the quality of the leads generated is very high, and advertisers
18、are prepared to pay accordingly. The price per click varies from $ 0.10 to as much as $ 30, depending on the keyword, though the average is around $ 0.50.But as pay-per-click advertising has grown into a huge industry, concern has mounted over so-called “click fraud“-bogus clicks that do not come fr
19、om genuinely interested customers. It takes two main forms. If you click repeatedly on the advertisements on your own website, or get other people or machines to do so on your behalf, you can generate a stream of bogus commissions. Click fraud can also be used by one company against another: clickin
20、g on a rival firms advertisements can saddle it with a huge bill. Bogus clicks are thought to account for around 10% of all click traffic, though nobody knows for sure.Bill Gross, the entrepreneur who pioneered the pay-per-click model back in 1998, was aware of the problem even then. He installed a
21、three-layered defence system: a filter to weed out clicks from known fraudsters at the outset, statisticians and software to spot suspicious click patterns, and co-operation with advertisers to enable them to analyse the leads generated and sound the alarm if necessary.But generally the industry ado
22、pted a rather cavalier attitude to click fraud. Eric Schmidt, the boss of Google, caused uproar a few months ago when he seemed to suggest that the “perfect economic solution“ to click fraud was to “let it happen“. He was responding to a theoretical question during a debate at Stanford University, b
23、ut his response reinforced the perception that Google had higher priorities than addressing the problem.Such a flippant attitude has not gone down well with advertisers, who are up in arms about the problem. Some have even resorted to legal action. Google reached a settlement in March with Lanes Gif
24、ts and Collectibles, a gift shop based in Arkansas, and agreed to offer refunds to advertisers who claim they have been charged for bogus clicks. Such refunds are capped at $ 90m, however, so many observers think Google got off lightly. And in June Yahoo! promised to intensify its efforts to fight c
25、lick fraud as part of a settlement with CheckMate, a fraud-detection firm. As well as offering refunds for clicks determined to be fraudulent, Yahoo! agreed to appoint a “traffic-quality advocate“ to voice advertisers concerns within the company.In the wake of these legal challenges, Google and Yaho
26、o! recently joined a working group at the Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB), which will establish standards for pay-per-click advertising, including the introduction of industry-funded auditing and certification, by the middle of 2009. “I believe Google and Yahoo! are now taking the issue very se
27、riously,“ says David Jones, chief executive of Euro RSCG, an advertising company. But Rishad Tobaccowala, head of innovation at Publicis, one of the worlds biggest advertising groups, says it is too early to say whether the measures being taken against click fraud will be Enough to satisfy advertise
28、rs.（分数：4.00）(1).We can infer from the sentence “And it is still early days“ in the first paragraph that（分数：1.00）A.Internet advertising is very promising and profitable.B.Internet advertising is newly-developed and problematic.C.whether Internet advertising will grow remains a question.D.people canno
29、t predict the future of Internet advertising.(2).The word “saddle“ in the fourth paragraph probably means（分数：1.00）A.encumber.B.charge.C.associate.D.tie.(3).All of the following were taken as measures to guard against click fraud EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.the collaboration between an enterpriser and advertise
30、rs.B.the installation of a defense system.C.the application of certain software.D.the employment of some statisticians.(4).Which of the following adjectives can best summarize advertisers reaction to Eric Schmidts let-it-hap pen attitude?（分数：1.00）A.Nonchalant.B.Wrathful.C.Disdainful.D.Repulsive.2.BT
31、EXT B/BIn the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true gladiators. Were pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT prep courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. We say our motives are selfless and sensible. A degree from Stanford or Princeton is the
32、ticket for life. If Aaron and Nicole dont get in, theyre forever doomed. Gosh, were delusional.Ive twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. Its one-upmanship among parents. We see our kids college pedigrees as trophies attesting to how well-or how po
33、orly-weve raised them. But we cant acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So weve contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesnt matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford.Admissions anxiety afflicts only a minor
34、ity of parents. Its true that getting into college has generally become tougher because the number of high school graduates has grown. From 1994 to 2006, the increase is 2.8 percent. Still, 64 percent of freshmen attend schools where acceptance rates exceed 70 percent, and the application surge at e
35、lite schools dwarfs population growth.We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there wont be enough trophies to go around. Fearful parents prod their children to apply to more schools than ever. “The epicenters of parental anxiety used to be on the coasts: Boston, New York, Washington, Los
36、 Angeles, “says Tom Parker, Amhersts admissions dean.“ But its radiated throughout the country.“Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts. All thats
37、plausibleand mostly wrong. “We havent found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters,“ says Ernest T. Pascarella of the University of Iowa, co-author of How College Affects Students, an 827-page evaluation of hundreds of studies of the college experience. Selective schools dont s
38、ystematically employ better instructional approaches than less-selective schools, according to a study by Pascarella and George Kuh of Indiana University. Some do; some dont. On two measures-professors feedback and the number of essay examsselective schools do slightly worse.By some studies, selecti
39、ve schools do enhance their graduates lifetime earnings. The gain is reckoned at 2 percent to 4 percent for every 100-point increase in a schools average SAT scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke. A well-known study by Princeton economist Alan Krueger and Stacy Berg Dale of
40、 Mathematica Policy Research examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools.Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition. But its not the only in
41、dicator and, paradoxically, its significance is declining. The reason: so many similar people go elsewhere. Getting into college isnt lifes only competition. In the next competition-the job market, graduate schoolthe results may change. Old-boy networks are breaking down. Krueger studied ad- mission
42、s to one lop Ph. D. program. High scores on the Graduate Record Exam helped explain who got in; Ivy League degrees didnt.So, parents, lighten up. The stakes have been vastly exaggerated. Up to a point, we can rationalize our pushiness. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to tha
43、t. But too much pushiness can be destructive. The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study of students 20 years out found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissati
44、sfaction. They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints.What fires parents fanaticism is their self-serving desire to announce their own success. Many succumb; I did. I located my ideal school for my daughter. She got in and went elsewhere. Take that, Dad. I locate
45、d the ideal school for my son. Heck, he wouldnt even visit the place. Pow, Dad. They both love their schools and seem amply stimulated. Foolish Dad._BTEXT B/BIn the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true gladiators. Were pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT prep courses and build
46、resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. We say our motives are selfless and sensible. A degree from Stanford or Princeton is the ticket for life. If Aaron and Nicole dont get in, theyre forever doomed. Gosh, were delusional.Ive twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battle
47、field, something different is happening. Its one-upmanship among parents. We see our kids college pedigrees as trophies attesting to how well-or how poorly-weve raised them. But we cant acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So weve contrived various justifications that turn out
48、to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesnt matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford.Admissions anxiety afflicts only a minority of parents. Its true that getting into college has generally become tougher because the number of high school graduates has grown. From 1994 to 2006, the incre
