1、专业八级-133 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Concerns a few years ago that students would be forced to use stimulants in the fight for class rank and honors thus seem to be exaggerating, but the reality is equally disturbing: a lifestyle 1 runni
2、ng contrary to all the work habits that higher education stands for. There“s an intriguing historic precedent at the origins of 2 amphetamines. Introduced in 1938 under the trademark Pervitin as the answer to American Benzedrin, they were less an imposition of Nazi authorities and military commander
3、s but a popular coping 3 mechanism for stressed wartime soldiers and civilians like, 4 according to a study by Dutch historians of medicine. Many students and professionals were described Pervitin for 5 performance, but others took it recreationally. And there was even an early intimation of the 196
4、0s drug culture. The physician-writer Gottfried Benn wanted amphetamines to be used by infantrymen 6 but by students, to develop the human brain to new levels-how lucky he was that he didn“t live to see the decline of his ideals among undergraduates. The trouble with considering policy for performan
5、ce- enhancing use of drugs like Adderall is in what was already 7 apparent in the 1930s: people use them for similar purposes, 8 sometimes productively and sometimes disastrously, something German physicians called “the toxic equation.“ But the contemporary American debate has alarming side not pres
6、ent at 9 the beginning, the idea that performance-enhancement is “cheating.“ Does that mean drinking at Starbucks is doping? It“s a counterproductive argument so it assumes that these drugs work 10 consistently and give users an organic advantage, as opposed to the placebo effect. It“s much better t
7、o address the patterns that lead to abuse.（分数：25.00）三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Losing weight is easier when there is money on the line, U.S. researchers said on Tuesday. They said weight-loss programs that award people with money-and remind them of the cash they 1 stand to lose if they fail-provided
8、 with a powerful incentive to 2 lose weight compared with more conventional approaches. Dr. Kevin Volpp of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine was looking for an effective way to treat obese, a growing problem 3 that carries serious health risks. He said many weight-loss programs fail
9、before people are being asked to make sacrifices 4 now. Volpp and colleagues studied two kinds of incentive programs for weight loss. One was a lottery-based design in which participants played a lottery and were allowed to collect their winnings if they met their weight-loss target. The other was a
10、 deposit contract, in which participants invested small amount of 5 their own money which they would lose at the end of the month if they succeeded to reach their goals. People in this group also got a 6 bonus if they met their goal. The researchers resigned 57 obese but otherwise healthy 7 people t
11、o one of these two groups or a control group, in which people were simply weighed at the end of each month. All were aimed to lose 7.26 kg by the end of four months. People in the 8 incentive groups lost far more weight than that who got no pay for 9 their efforts, with about half of the participant
12、s in each group meet 10 their weight loss goals.（分数：25.00）四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)For decades, the television was the flagship of any consumer-electronics product line-up. In all the gadgets in the home, 1 the TV held the most prominent real estate in the living room, cost the most to buy, and ca
13、rry the biggest brand mark. And for 2 consumer-electronics makers who manufactured them, selling TVs was a good business. As the bulky cathode-ray tube televisions of the past turned into the sleek, flat-screen televisions of today, another shift started to occur. The price competition was merciful
14、and unrelenting since 3 the televisions were hard to differentiate. Even so consumers were 4 buying more televisions than ever, TV makers struggled to turn a profit. Now, another shift is taking place, and it is threatening to rob televisions their prominence-and value-in the home. With 5 more peopl
15、e streaming or downloading video as an alternation to 6 cable or satellite broadcast, more consumers are watching TV shows and movies on smartphones, tablets and laptops. The television, meanwhile, may become just another screen. “That“s a very real possibility,“ says Paul Gagnon, the director of No
16、rth 7 American TV research for DisplaySearch, a market-research firm based in Santa Clara, Calif. When televisions end up becoming 8 just another monitor, he says, “that is a low-profit, no-money business with just a handful of players.“ To stay ahead of changing viewing habits, television makers ar
17、e pushing Web-connected televisions loading with applications. 9 Web TVs count for about a quarter of all new flat-panel televisions 10 this year, rising to about half of all shipments in three years, according to DisplaySearch.（分数：25.00）五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Americans find it difficult to enga
18、ge in any activity for pure pleasure. We have to have a higher aim-a purpose-for every moment of time. For example, children take classes or join clubs to increase their self-esteem, build talent, or try out a potential career. Adults attend parties to make business contacts, garden to rise 1 vegeta
19、bles, and mow the lawn to meet neighborhood standards. I“m here to tell you about one of my guilt pleasures. It doesn“t cost 2 a thing, takes a little time, and brings me lots of personal 3 fulfillment. Best of all, you can indulge in it for sheer enjoyment. It is walking. There is something about w
20、alking that is different from jogging. When I“m jogging, I“m instantly 4 challenging myself to go farther or faster, sweat more, and breath 5 harder. And when I“m walking, I“m taking time to go outside and 6 put one foot in front of another while I look around, blink, and feel the sun and the wind.
21、When I walk, I am submerged myself in life. On 7 walks, I confront myself, too. There“s avoiding my recent irrational 8 response to the neighbor with straying trash or the petty argument I started with my husband. While I walk, I put into perspective that 9 is important to me. Artist Winslow Homer s
22、aid, “The sun will not rise, or set, without my notice and my thanks.“ where else can you notice the sun“s movements besides on a walk-an opportunity to appreciate 10 joy in the world for its very existence?（分数：25.00）专业八级-133 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1
23、(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Concerns a few years ago that students would be forced to use stimulants in the fight for class rank and honors thus seem to be exaggerating, but the reality is equally disturbing: a lifestyle 1 running contrary to all the work habits that higher education stands for. There“s an intr
24、iguing historic precedent at the origins of 2 amphetamines. Introduced in 1938 under the trademark Pervitin as the answer to American Benzedrin, they were less an imposition of Nazi authorities and military commanders but a popular coping 3 mechanism for stressed wartime soldiers and civilians like,
25、 4 according to a study by Dutch historians of medicine. Many students and professionals were described Pervitin for 5 performance, but others took it recreationally. And there was even an early intimation of the 1960s drug culture. The physician-writer Gottfried Benn wanted amphetamines to be used
26、by infantrymen 6 but by students, to develop the human brain to new levels-how lucky he was that he didn“t live to see the decline of his ideals among undergraduates. The trouble with considering policy for performance- enhancing use of drugs like Adderall is in what was already 7 apparent in the 19
27、30s: people use them for similar purposes, 8 sometimes productively and sometimes disastrously, something German physicians called “the toxic equation.“ But the contemporary American debate has alarming side not present at 9 the beginning, the idea that performance-enhancement is “cheating.“ Does th
28、at mean drinking at Starbucks is doping? It“s a counterproductive argument so it assumes that these drugs work 10 consistently and give users an organic advantage, as opposed to the placebo effect. It“s much better to address the patterns that lead to abuse.（分数：25.00）解析：exaggeratingexaggerated解析 语法错
29、误。此句的主语 concerns“担忧，担心”与谓语动词exaggerate之间是被动关系，故应该用过去分词 exaggerated。此句的意思是“几年前担忧学生为了争夺名次和荣誉而被迫使用兴奋剂似乎被夸大了”。解析：historichistorical解析 词汇错误。historic 意为“具有历史意义的”，historical 意为“历史的，历史上的”，此处要表达的意思是“安非他明的起源有历史先例”，故应改为 historical，符合上下文语义。解析：butthan解析 词汇错误。此句前面出现了比较级 less，这里应该用 than，此句意思是“安非他明不是纳粹统治者和指挥官强迫士兵服用
30、的，而是很受战时压抑的士兵和市民欢迎的缓解压力的办法”。解析：likealike解析 词汇错误。like 作介词，意为“像”，alike 作副词，意为“同样地”，此处指士兵和市民都喜欢服用安非他明，故应该用 alike，符合文中语义。解析：describedprescribed解析 词汇错误。describe 意为“描述”，prescribe 意为“开处方”，此处指医生给很多学生和专业人士开了 Pervitin这种药，故应该用 prescribe，符合文意。解析：bynot解析 词汇错误。此处用 not.but.结构，表示“不是而是”，此句的意思是“Gottfried Benn 想要学生而不是
31、步兵服用安非他明，以使大脑智力提高到新的水平。”解析：in in 解析 语法错误。此处是表语从句，引导词 what在从句中作主语，故不需要介词 in。解析：similardifferent解析 语篇错误。根据上下文语义，人们使用药物有时候会取得很好的效果，有时候却有灾难性的后果，可见人们使用药物的目的应该各不相同，故应该把 similar改为 different。解析：alarmingan解析 词汇错误。此句的主语是 debate，辩论一般都有两方，可以推断此处的side表示“一方，一边”，为可数名词，且在文中第一次出现，故应在形容词前面加上不定冠词 an，意为“扰乱人心的一方”。解析：sob
32、ecause解析 语篇错误。由上下文语义判断，句间的逻辑关系为因果关系，主句提到这是一场事与愿违的辩论，后句说它认为这些药物持续有效，为使用者提供一种有机的优势，而不是一种安慰剂效用。后者是前者的原因，而不是结果，故应改为 because。三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Losing weight is easier when there is money on the line, U.S. researchers said on Tuesday. They said weight-loss programs that award people with money-an
33、d remind them of the cash they 1 stand to lose if they fail-provided with a powerful incentive to 2 lose weight compared with more conventional approaches. Dr. Kevin Volpp of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine was looking for an effective way to treat obese, a growing problem 3 that c
34、arries serious health risks. He said many weight-loss programs fail before people are being asked to make sacrifices 4 now. Volpp and colleagues studied two kinds of incentive programs for weight loss. One was a lottery-based design in which participants played a lottery and were allowed to collect
35、their winnings if they met their weight-loss target. The other was a deposit contract, in which participants invested small amount of 5 their own money which they would lose at the end of the month if they succeeded to reach their goals. People in this group also got a 6 bonus if they met their goal
36、. The researchers resigned 57 obese but otherwise healthy 7 people to one of these two groups or a control group, in which people were simply weighed at the end of each month. All were aimed to lose 7.26 kg by the end of four months. People in the 8 incentive groups lost far more weight than that wh
37、o got no pay for 9 their efforts, with about half of the participants in each group meet 10 their weight loss goals.（分数：25.00）解析：awardreward解析 词汇错误。award 作动词表示“授予；奖给；判定”，reward 表示“报答；酬谢”，本文中提到的减肥方案是对达到减肥目标的人群予以金钱上的回报，故用 reward更符合文意。解析：with with 解析 语法错误。provide sb. with sth.是固定搭配，表示“给某人提供某物”，但此处 prov
38、ide后面并没有接双宾语，故不需要介词 with，直接用 provide sth.的形式即可，表示“提供某物”。解析：obeseobesity解析 语法错误。obese 是形容词，表示“过度肥胖的”，此处动词 treat后应该接名词，另外逗号后面的 a growing problem是该词的同位语，故可推测此处应该用名词 obesity表示“肥胖，肥胖症”。解析：beforebecause解析 语篇错误。本句前半部分说“他认为很多减肥方案失败”，后半部分说“减肥者被要求为了将来的回报而在当下做出牺牲”，从句子之间的逻辑关系来判断，此处不是强调两个动作发生的先后顺序，而是前果后因，后半句是对前半
39、句的解释，故用 because。解析：smalla解析 词汇错误。amount 是名词，表示“数量，数额”，是可数名词，an amount of是固定搭配，表示“相当数量的，一些”，由于此处 small放在 amount前面，故应加上不定冠词 a。解析：succeededfailed解析 语篇错误。此处是 if引导的条件状语从句，“如果成功达到目标”，与前文提到的“他们在月底会失去这笔钱”意义相悖，所以这里想表达的应该是“如果没能达到目标，则会失去这笔钱”。succeeded 应改为 failed。解析：resignedassigned解析 词汇错误。resign 表示“辞职；放弃”，放在此处
40、与上下文不符，这里是说“研究人员将 57名身体健康的肥胖者分配到两个激励组中的一组或者另一个控制组”，应该用assign，表示“分配，指定”。解析：aimedaiming解析 语法错误。aim to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“致力于”，当主语是人时，应该用主动语态，由于 aimed前面出现了 be动词 were，故将 aimed改成 aiming，表示现在进行时，意为“所有人都努力在四个月后减掉 7.26公斤”。解析：thatthose解析 词汇错误。此处用在比较级之后，替代前面的 People，因此应该用复数形式的 those。解析：meetmeeting解析 语法错误。此处是 wit
41、h引导的独立主格结构，动词应该用非谓语形式，由于前面的 participants与 meet their goals是主动关系，因此用 meet的现在分词形式，即 meeting，本句意为“激励组的成员比那些努力减肥但无金钱回报的人减掉了更多的体重，而每组中都有约一半的参与者达到了其减肥目标”。四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)For decades, the television was the flagship of any consumer-electronics product line-up. In all the gadgets in the home, 1 t
42、he TV held the most prominent real estate in the living room, cost the most to buy, and carry the biggest brand mark. And for 2 consumer-electronics makers who manufactured them, selling TVs was a good business. As the bulky cathode-ray tube televisions of the past turned into the sleek, flat-screen
43、 televisions of today, another shift started to occur. The price competition was merciful and unrelenting since 3 the televisions were hard to differentiate. Even so consumers were 4 buying more televisions than ever, TV makers struggled to turn a profit. Now, another shift is taking place, and it i
44、s threatening to rob televisions their prominence-and value-in the home. With 5 more people streaming or downloading video as an alternation to 6 cable or satellite broadcast, more consumers are watching TV shows and movies on smartphones, tablets and laptops. The television, meanwhile, may become j
45、ust another screen. “That“s a very real possibility,“ says Paul Gagnon, the director of North 7 American TV research for DisplaySearch, a market-research firm based in Santa Clara, Calif. When televisions end up becoming 8 just another monitor, he says, “that is a low-profit, no-money business with
46、just a handful of players.“ To stay ahead of changing viewing habits, television makers are pushing Web-connected televisions loading with applications. 9 Web TVs count for about a quarter of all new flat-panel televisions 10 this year, rising to about half of all shipments in three years, according
47、 to DisplaySearch.（分数：25.00）解析：Inof解析 词汇错误。根据 all和 the most可知此处是指一个范围内之最，最高级的范围限定词应该用 of，而不是 In。解析：carrycarried解析 语法错误。本句中动词 carry和前面的 held，cost 一起作并列谓语，时态上应保持一致，都用一般过去时，故将 carry改为 carried。解析：mercifulmerciless解析 语篇错误。下文提到“各类电视机之间难分伯仲，即使消费者的电视机购买量提高了，但电视机制造商却在艰难地力图扭亏为盈”。由此可以判断，电视机行业的竞争是相当残酷的，merciful
48、 表示“仁慈的，宽恕的”，用在此处不符合上下文语境，应该用其反义词 merciless，表示竞争是“相当激烈和残酷的”。解析：soif/though解析 词汇错误。even so 是固定搭配，虽然能表示句子间的让步关系，但 so在此结构中是副词，指代前面所叙述的情况或事实等，表示“即便如此”，“即便”的内容需放在even so的前面。本句是说“消费者的电视机购买量比以往更大”，与上一句“由于各类电视机之间难分伯仲，价格竞争也呈现激烈态势”并不是让步关系，故不用 even so，而用词组 even if或 even though，使之与下一句“电视机制造商却在艰难地力图扭亏为盈”形成让步关系。解
49、析：theirof解析 词汇错误。rob sb. of sth.是固定搭配，表示“剥夺某人某物”，这里是指“这个转变可能会夺取电视机在家庭中的重要地位和价值”，因此要加上介词 of。解析：alternationalternative解析 词汇错误。alternation 表示“交替，轮流”，alternative 作名词表示“可供选择的事物”。这里是说“人们将在线观看和下载视频作为收看有线电视或收听卫星广播以外的另一种选择”，故用 alternative。解析：the the 解析 词汇错误。director of North American TV research 表示“北美电视研究总监”，director 在这里是表示“头衔，职位”，此处无需定冠词，故删掉。解析：WhenIf解析 语篇错误。本句前半部分说“电视机最终沦为另一种显示器”，这里并未成为现实，只是一种假设，后半部分说“这就会成为只有少数公司参与的低利润、没钱赚的生意”。所以此处两个分句不是强调时间的一致性，而是在前半句假设的前提下可能产生的结果，故应改成表示条件的 If。解析：loadingloaded解析 语法错误。l
