1、专业八级-132 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING kids who have more opportunities than the children of the campus cops; kids who will most be more successful than campus 5 cops; kids who even enjoy the ultimate loyalty of U.C. faculty and most administrators. Just look at what happened before U.C
2、. 6 Berkeley administrators sent in cops with batons, and U.C. Davis administrators sent in cops with pepper spray. Predictive quarrels 7 occurred. Batons and pepper spray were used. Images leaked. And suddenly administrators were launching investigations! And 8 issuing statements about how deeply t
3、hey cared for the students! Did they fail to anticipate that the weapons would be turned on passive protesters? They“d do well to read “Shooting an Elephant,“ George Orwell“s reflection on his time as a British imperial police officer in Burma, if so. To be clear, I don“t think imperialism is an apt
4、 analogy when police forcibly remove from Occupy Cal or Davis 9 protesters. And I do think Orwell helps us understand why officers 10 who aren“t monsters might use wildly excessive force.（分数：25.00）五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Funding public transit is one of the biggest problems facing cities today. O
5、ften the trouble is that a few high-cost, low-ridership routes drag down an entire system. That puts policymakers in a tough spot. They might eliminate these unprofitable lines, that has 1 been suggested before, but in doing so they would harm a considerate number of people who rely on that service
6、as their 2 primary mode of transportation. Over at New Geography, Steve Lafleur revives the debate and argues that low fares are the part of the reason transit lines are 3 struggling. In response, he offers an admittedly “controversial“ solution: “Transit should operate on a for profit basis and its
7、 prices should closely reflect market forces-if it means that transit fares 4 increase.“ The idea of increasing ridership by raising fares is not with 5 some recent precedent. Writing last week at The New York Times Opinionator blog, Lisa Margonelli points to a study from earlier this year comparing
8、 transit ridership in Germany and the United States. Over the same period of time, German transit agencies grew ridership while doing something similar in what Lafleur 6 proposes-namely, increasing fares and slashing service. More important than fare changes were the limits 7 simultaneously imposed
9、on car travel. While German transit agencies did their best to attract riders to a higher-quality service, the government implemented a number of policies that made driving “less conveniently and more costly“. In other words, 8 high fares did lead to greater ridership on German transit, but only 9 w
10、hen coordinating with harsh automobile policies-not in isolation. 10 （分数：25.00）专业八级-132 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING kids who have more opportunities than the children of the campus cops; kids who will most be more successful than campus 5 cops; kids who even enjoy the ultimate loyalty
11、of U.C. faculty and most administrators. Just look at what happened before U.C. 6 Berkeley administrators sent in cops with batons, and U.C. Davis administrators sent in cops with pepper spray. Predictive quarrels 7 occurred. Batons and pepper spray were used. Images leaked. And suddenly administrat
12、ors were launching investigations! And 8 issuing statements about how deeply they cared for the students! Did they fail to anticipate that the weapons would be turned on passive protesters? They“d do well to read “Shooting an Elephant,“ George Orwell“s reflection on his time as a British imperial po
13、lice officer in Burma, if so. To be clear, I don“t think imperialism is an apt analogy when police forcibly remove from Occupy Cal or Davis 9 protesters. And I do think Orwell helps us understand why officers 10 who aren“t monsters might use wildly excessive force.（分数：25.00）解析：whichwhere解析 语法错误。此处是表
14、语从句，引导词在从句中作状语，要用连接副词 where引导。解析：EmployingEmployed解析 语法错误。此处分词短语作状语，employ 与句子的主语 they是被动关系，故应改为过去分词 Employed。解析：paymentpay解析 词汇错误。payment 意为“支付：缴纳；报答”，放在此处与上下文语义衔接不上。pay 作名词时，意为“工资”，而这里表示的是“校园警察有武器且薪水也不差”，故用 Pay合适。解析：themthemselves解析 语法错误。由上下文语义判断，此处指代的是先行词 kids，故应该用反身代词 themselves，意为“如果长大当警察的话，孩子们
15、会称自己是失败者。”解析：mostmostly解析 词汇错误。此处修饰动词 be需要用副词，most 作副词，意为“很，非常”，mostly意为“主要地，通常”，此句要表达的意思是“将来通常要比校园警察更成功的小孩”，故应该用。mostly，符合上下语义。解析：beforeafter解析 语篇错误。根据上下文语义，下文所发生的事情，即警棍和胡椒水喷剂的使用，是发生在 U.C.Berkeley administrators和 U.C.Davis administrators派来带有武器的校警之后，而不是之前，故应该用 after来连接。解析：PredictivePredictable解析 词汇错
16、误。predictive 意为“预言的，预告的”，predictable意为“可预见的；意料之中的”，此句的意思是“争吵不出意料地发生了。”故用 Predictable符合文意。解析：administratorsthe解析 词汇错误。此处特指 U.C.Berkeley和 U.C.Davis的administrators，且前文已经两次提到过 administrators，故前面应该加上定冠词 the。解析：from from 解析 词汇错误。remove 作不及物动词。常和 from搭配，意为“迁移，移居”，remove作及物动词，意为“去掉，排除，使消失”，此句要表达的意思是“警察用武力驱赶
17、 Occupy Cal或 Davis protesters。”故应该去掉 from。解析：AndBut解析 语篇错误。由上下文语义判断，此句与上一句在意义上应是转折关系，上一句说到我认为“帝国主义”不是一个恰当的类比，下一句则说 Orwell帮助我们了解警察为什么过度使用武力；从结构上来看，前句的 I don“t think与本句的 I do think形成对照，故应改为表转折意义的连词But。五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Funding public transit is one of the biggest problems facing cities today.
18、 Often the trouble is that a few high-cost, low-ridership routes drag down an entire system. That puts policymakers in a tough spot. They might eliminate these unprofitable lines, that has 1 been suggested before, but in doing so they would harm a considerate number of people who rely on that servic
19、e as their 2 primary mode of transportation. Over at New Geography, Steve Lafleur revives the debate and argues that low fares are the part of the reason transit lines are 3 struggling. In response, he offers an admittedly “controversial“ solution: “Transit should operate on a for profit basis and i
20、ts prices should closely reflect market forces-if it means that transit fares 4 increase.“ The idea of increasing ridership by raising fares is not with 5 some recent precedent. Writing last week at The New York Times Opinionator blog, Lisa Margonelli points to a study from earlier this year compari
21、ng transit ridership in Germany and the United States. Over the same period of time, German transit agencies grew ridership while doing something similar in what Lafleur 6 proposes-namely, increasing fares and slashing service. More important than fare changes were the limits 7 simultaneously impose
22、d on car travel. While German transit agencies did their best to attract riders to a higher-quality service, the government implemented a number of policies that made driving “less conveniently and more costly“. In other words, 8 high fares did lead to greater ridership on German transit, but only 9
23、 when coordinating with harsh automobile policies-not in isolation. 10 （分数：25.00）解析：thatas/which解析 语法错误。句子中间用了逗号，可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，引导词在从句中充当主语。that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，故应该用关系代词which来引导，也可以用 as来连接，意为“正如”。解析：considerateconsiderable解析 词汇错误。considerate 意为“体贴的；考虑周到的”，considerable意为“大量的”，此处要表达的意思是“相当多的人
24、”，故应改为 considerable，以符合上下文语义。解析：the(part) the 解析 词汇错误。此句指出公交运营困难部分原因是因为票价低，part of 才是指某物的一部分，强调的是部分；the part 虽指某个部分，但强调的是那个部分作为整体，因此需要删除 the。解析：ifeven解析 语篇错误。根据上下文语义，此句是对前面的补充说明，前句提到公交应该以营利为基础，票价应该反映市场推动力，if 引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，放在此处语义不通，even if引导让步状语从句，表示“即使，就算”，此句的意思是“即使这意味着票价上涨”。解析：withwithout 或 not n
25、ot 解析 语篇错误。下文指出德国采取了提高票价、减少线路的措施以增加上座率，由此可见，提高票价的做法是有先例的，故此处应该把 with改为 without，和前面的 not构成双重否定，表示肯定意味，除此之外，此题也可以去掉 not。解析：into解析 词汇错误。be similar in 表示“在方面相似”，be similar to 表示“跟类似”，此处要表达的意思是“德国采取了类似 Lafleur所提议的措施”，故应该用介词 to。解析：limitslimitations解析 词汇错误。limit 作名词意为“限度，界限”，limitation 意为“限制；局限；起限制作用的规则”，此
26、句要表达的意思为“比改变票价更重要的是同时对私家车行驶进行限制”，故改为 limitations更符合语义。解析：convenientlyconvenient解析 语法错误。此处是 make+sth.+a.的结构，应该用形容词来作宾补，不能用副词，故应改为 convenient。解析：highhigher解析 词汇错误。上文提到了德国通过提高票价和改进服务的措施增加公交的上座率，由此可知德国的票价比以往要高些，故此处应该用比较级，此句的意思是“更高的票价确实增加了德国公交的上座率。”解析：coordinatingcoordinated解析 词汇错误。此句是 when引导的时间状语从句，从句中的主语与主句主语一致，谓语动词 coordinate与主语 higher fares之间是被动关系，故应该用过去分词coordinated,相当于 when they were coordinated，此句的意思是“但只有和严格的车辆通行政策配合运用，而不是单一地提高票价。”
