1、专业八级-131 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：30.00)The reliance on credit reports in hiring is becoming widespread. A survey by the Society for Human Resource Management found that 60% of employers do credit checks for at least some positions. The use
2、 of credit checks is growing at time when the 1 economy is making it hard for people to keep their records cleanly. 2 Delinquency rates on loans have been arising, according to a report 3 issued last week by the American Bankers Association, driven by a weak job market and rising food and gasoline p
3、rice. 4 The biggest flaw with the use of credit checks in employment screening is in that it makes it difficult for many good people who 5 need work to find. Employers who do credit checks operate under 6 the assumption that having had trouble paying bills is a character flaw, but there is scant har
4、d evidence to back this down. 7 Many credit problems are due to factors outside of a person“s control. Sarah Ford, an attorney with the Lawyers“ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, told a House committee last year which 8 credit reports failed to provide insufficient context. “A credit 9 report wo
5、uld not explain that a factory worker lost his job when his employer went out of business,“ she said. Or that “a man“s credit was destroyed so he was the victim of identity theft or a 10 predatory lending scare.“ Or that “a woman lost her job and her health coverage before developing breast cancer a
6、nd incurring astronomical medical bills.“（分数：30.00）三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：30.00)There is no link, whatsoever, between the producers and users of manpower with the result that institutions of learning, essentially at the secondary, technical, and high levels, are not 1 exactly aware of the end result a
7、nd use of its manpower output. 2 There has to be a complete synchronization and rapport between the two sets: the producers and the users, happens in most of the 3 countries, including the developing ones. There is no focus on the quality of education in terms of the depth and dimensions of teaching
8、 and in terms of syllabi, but technical education does have 4 some quality control. There are rarely any revisions and up gradation of courses either in the light of the changes occurring in the given discipline, nor in terms of the country“s manpower 5 requirements. Higher education is basically fi
9、nanced by the Government and that too without any reference to quality and output. It lacks of 6 philanthropic support either from the Non Government Organizations or from the corporate world. In this era of reforms, the time is not far when higher education, funding entirely by the 7 Government, wi
10、ll be tossed into suddenly free and competitive market with sharply increased government funding. It will then be 8 termed as India“s higher education open market, the initial impact on which will be largely negative. It is anticipated that many 9 institutions at that time will get disintegrated, st
11、rangled by the loss of resources, overwhelming demand for resources that they would 10 fail to provide, and the receivables they would not be able to recover.（分数：30.00）四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Management jargon can alienate staff and leave bosses looking untrustworthy and weak, according to a surv
12、ey published on Monday. Managers who spoke of “singing from the same hymn sheet“ could find themselves sing solo, the survey said. Workers said such phrases 1 as “blue sky thinking“, “the helicopter view“ and “heads up“ could lead to alienation and low moral in the office. 2 The survey, carried out
13、by YouGov to mark the 15th anniversary of Investors in People, a government-backed training initial, found 37 3 percent of the 2,900 questioned believed jargon led to mistrust and encouraged a feeling of inadequacy. Bosses seemed oblivious to the dangers, with more than half, believing it to be harm
14、ful. That could 4 explain why workers perceived it to be on rise, with nearly 40 percent 5 believing it was increasingly creeping into office banter. Almost two-thirds of employees would prefer to no jargon at work. Cliches 6 such as “getting our ducks in a row“ might just be lining up trouble, thou
15、gh. Nicola Clark, director at Investors in People, said: “Whilst jargon can be useful shorthand at times, managers need to be more alert to when and how they use them.“ 7 Nearly 40 percent of workers surveyed believed jargon betrayed a lack of confidence, but one in five thought those who used it we
16、re 8 untrustworthy or trying to cover something up. “Cutting jargon out of everyday communication is clearly a challenge. Therefore, as our 9 research shows, if used inappropriate, jargon can be an obstacle to 10 understanding, which ultimately can impact on an individual“s performance and an organi
17、zation“s productivity.“（分数：40.00）专业八级-131 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：30.00)The reliance on credit reports in hiring is becoming widespread. A survey by the Society for Human Resource Management found that 60% of employers do credit checks for
18、at least some positions. The use of credit checks is growing at time when the 1 economy is making it hard for people to keep their records cleanly. 2 Delinquency rates on loans have been arising, according to a report 3 issued last week by the American Bankers Association, driven by a weak job marke
19、t and rising food and gasoline price. 4 The biggest flaw with the use of credit checks in employment screening is in that it makes it difficult for many good people who 5 need work to find. Employers who do credit checks operate under 6 the assumption that having had trouble paying bills is a charac
20、ter flaw, but there is scant hard evidence to back this down. 7 Many credit problems are due to factors outside of a person“s control. Sarah Ford, an attorney with the Lawyers“ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, told a House committee last year which 8 credit reports failed to provide insufficien
21、t context. “A credit 9 report would not explain that a factory worker lost his job when his employer went out of business,“ she said. Or that “a man“s credit was destroyed so he was the victim of identity theft or a 10 predatory lending scare.“ Or that “a woman lost her job and her health coverage b
22、efore developing breast cancer and incurring astronomical medical bills.“（分数：30.00）解析：timea解析 词汇错误。此处的 time是可数名词，意为“某个时候”，前面需加上冠词。此句的意思是“经济危机使得人们很难保持良好的信用记录，在这个时候检查信用记录的做法正不断发展。”注意，at the time 意为“当时，那时候”，表过去的一个时间点，与上下文语境不符，故此处不能用。解析：cleanlyclean解析 词汇错误。此处要用形容词作 keep的宾语补足语，cleanly 作形容词时，意为“讲究清洁的，爱干净的
23、”，此处与上下文语境不符，故要用形容词 clean。clean 除有表“干净的，清洁的”一般意义以外，还有“无过失记录的”含义，此处意为“保持良好无拖欠的信用记录”。解析：arisingrising解析 词汇错误。arise 意为“出现，发生”，rise 意为“上升，上涨”。此句的意思是“根据美国银行协会上个星期发布的一份报告，受疲软的就业市场和上涨的食品和石油价格的影响，贷款的不法行为比率一直不断上升。”故此处应该用 rising。解析：priceprices解析 语法错误。此处指的是 food and gasoline两类商品的价格，应该用复数形式。解析：in in 解析 词汇错误。此处
24、that引导的是表语从句，意为“招聘员工时查看其信用记录报告这一做法最大的缺陷是它使许多善良的需要就业的人很难找到工作。”故不需要 in。in that 意为“既然；因为”，引导原因状语从句，用法相当于 because。解析：findit解析 语法错误。find 是及物动词，需要一个宾语。此处表达的意思是“使许多善良的需要工作的人很难找到工作”。因此这里 find的宾语是 work，但 work已在定语从句 who need work中出现，故此处用 it来指代。解析：downup解析 词汇错误。back down 意为“放弃对某事物的要求；屈服”，back up 意为“支持”。此句的意思是“
25、查看信用记录的雇主认为难以支付账单是一种品德缺陷，但很少有确凿的证据来支持这一点。”故此处应该用 back up。解析：whichthat解析 语法错误。此处是宾语从句，从句中结构完整，不缺少任何成分，因此用从属连词 that来引导，该从句作谓语动词 tell的直接宾语，that 不可以省略。解析：insufficientsufficient解析 语篇错误。此句谓语是动词短语 fail to，表示“不能，未能”，具有否定的含义，根据下文所举的三个案例，说明信用记录报告不能提供充足的背景信息。因此此处应改为 sufficient，意为“充分的，充足的”。解析：sobecause解析 语篇错误。由
26、上下文语义判断，句间逻辑关系是因果关系，前句说一个人的信用受损，后句说他是身份盗窃或掠夺性贷款诈骗的受害者，后者是前者的原因所在，故用表原因的连词替换 so。注意，此处不能改为 as和 since，虽然两者都可以表示原因，但所表示的原因都是不言而喻、显而易见的，此处的因果关系并非能直接推断得出。而 for表示自然而然地推断出原因，此处句意还不够明显，故用 because。三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：30.00)There is no link, whatsoever, between the producers and users of manpower with the res
27、ult that institutions of learning, essentially at the secondary, technical, and high levels, are not 1 exactly aware of the end result and use of its manpower output. 2 There has to be a complete synchronization and rapport between the two sets: the producers and the users, happens in most of the 3
28、countries, including the developing ones. There is no focus on the quality of education in terms of the depth and dimensions of teaching and in terms of syllabi, but technical education does have 4 some quality control. There are rarely any revisions and up gradation of courses either in the light o
29、f the changes occurring in the given discipline, nor in terms of the country“s manpower 5 requirements. Higher education is basically financed by the Government and that too without any reference to quality and output. It lacks of 6 philanthropic support either from the Non Government Organizations
30、or from the corporate world. In this era of reforms, the time is not far when higher education, funding entirely by the 7 Government, will be tossed into suddenly free and competitive market with sharply increased government funding. It will then be 8 termed as India“s higher education open market,
31、the initial impact on which will be largely negative. It is anticipated that many 9 institutions at that time will get disintegrated, strangled by the loss of resources, overwhelming demand for resources that they would 10 fail to provide, and the receivables they would not be able to recover.（分数：30
32、.00）解析：highhigher解析 词汇错误。high 意为“高的”，higher 作为形容词意为“高等的”，此句的意思是“教育机构，包括中学教育、技术教育和高等教育机构”，故此处应该改为 higher。解析：itstheir解析 语法错误。此处指代的是 institutions of learning“教育机构”，应该用复数形式，故改成 their。解析：happensas解析 语法错误。此句前面是 there be句型，说明劳动力生产者和使用者之间要保持完全同步及和谐关系，后面说在大部分国家包括发展中国家都发生了这样的事情，可见前句是后句发生的事情，故后句需要用 as引导，作定语从句，
33、意为“正如，就像”，先行词是前一句话。解析：butthough/although解析 语篇错误。从上下文的语义来判断，句间的逻辑关系应为让步关系。前面一句说到从教育的深度和宽度和教学大纲的设置方面来看，没有关注教育的质量，本句则说技术教育确有一定的质量控制，前后构成让步关系，故应把表转折关系的 but改为 though或 although。解析：noror解析 词汇错误。either. or.固定搭配，意为“或者或者”，在此句连接两个状语，表示“既没有根据某个特定学科的变化也没有根据国家人力资源的要求更改或更新课程。”解析：of of 解析 词汇错误。lack 在此处作及物动词，意为“缺乏，没
34、有”，故不需要 of。解析：fundingfunded解析 语法错误。此处的分词用来作定语，修饰 higher education，二者之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词形式，相当于定语从句 which is funded，故应该把现在分词形式 funding改为 funded。解析：increaseddecreased/reduced解析 语篇错误。此句前面说到现在全部由政府资助的高等教育不久将进入自由的竞争市场，意味着高等教育将按市场规律发展，故政府资助将减少而不会增加，此处应该用 decreased或 reduced。解析：onof解析 词汇错误。此句中 which的先行词是 India“s
35、 higher education open market，(印度高等教育开放市场)，从句的主语是 the initial impact，与 open market是所属关系，故应该用表示所属关系的介词 of，表示“印度高等教育开放市场的最初影响。”解析：overwhelmingan解析 词汇错误。此处 demand作名词，意为“需求”，是可数名词，且在文中第一次提到，故需加上冠词 an。四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Management jargon can alienate staff and leave bosses looking untrustworthy a
36、nd weak, according to a survey published on Monday. Managers who spoke of “singing from the same hymn sheet“ could find themselves sing solo, the survey said. Workers said such phrases 1 as “blue sky thinking“, “the helicopter view“ and “heads up“ could lead to alienation and low moral in the office
37、. 2 The survey, carried out by YouGov to mark the 15th anniversary of Investors in People, a government-backed training initial, found 37 3 percent of the 2,900 questioned believed jargon led to mistrust and encouraged a feeling of inadequacy. Bosses seemed oblivious to the dangers, with more than h
38、alf, believing it to be harmful. That could 4 explain why workers perceived it to be on rise, with nearly 40 percent 5 believing it was increasingly creeping into office banter. Almost two-thirds of employees would prefer to no jargon at work. Cliches 6 such as “getting our ducks in a row“ might jus
39、t be lining up trouble, though. Nicola Clark, director at Investors in People, said: “Whilst jargon can be useful shorthand at times, managers need to be more alert to when and how they use them.“ 7 Nearly 40 percent of workers surveyed believed jargon betrayed a lack of confidence, but one in five
40、thought those who used it were 8 untrustworthy or trying to cover something up. “Cutting jargon out of everyday communication is clearly a challenge. Therefore, as our 9 research shows, if used inappropriate, jargon can be an obstacle to 10 understanding, which ultimately can impact on an individual
41、“s performance and an organization“s productivity.“（分数：40.00）解析：singsinging解析 语法错误。find sb. do sth.意为“发现某人做某事”，do 表示多次动作、反复发生的动作或动作的全过程；find sb. doing sth.意为“发现某人正在做某事”，doing 表示一次性动作或一次性动作正在进行。此句的意思是“那些念着照同一张赞美诗单子唱歌的管理人员将会发现自己是在唱独角戏。”此处的“唱独角戏”应该是正在进行的一次性动作，故应改为 singing。解析：moralmorale解析 词汇错误。moral 作名
42、词意为“教训”，而 morale意为“士气”。此处所表达的意思是“蓝天思维、直升机视角和告诫提醒之类的话会造成疏远的感觉、打击办公室的士气。”故应改为 morale。解析：initialinitiative解析 词汇错误。initial 作名词意为“首字母”，而 initiative意为“主动的行动、方案”。此处要表达的意思是“一项政府支持的培训方案”，故应改为 initiative。解析：harmfulharmless解析 语篇错误。根据上下文中的语义，前句说到老板对这种危险似乎茫然不知，意味着他们认为说套话不会带来危险，没有什么害处，故此处应该改为 harmless。解析：risethe解
43、析 词汇错误。on the rise 是固定搭配，意为“在上升”，此句话的意思是“这就解释了为什么员工觉得套话之风正在上升。”解析：to to 解析 词汇错误。prefer sth. to sth. else 意为“两者中宁愿选择其中之一”，当prefer后面只出现一个名词或名词短语时，则不需要加 to。解析：themit解析 语法错误。根据上下文语境，此处指代的是从句中的主语 jargon，故应该用单数形式 it来代替。解析：butwhile/whereas解析 语篇错误。由上下文的语义判断，句间的逻辑关系应为对比关系，前句说到 40%的员工觉得套话是缺乏自信的表现，后句则说 20%的员工认为使用套话的人要么是不值得信任，要么就是想掩盖什么，前后两种观点形成对比，而 but表示转折关系，故此处应改用 while或 whereas。解析：ThereforeHowever解析 语篇错误。由上下文的语义判断，此句与前句逻辑关系应为转折关系。前句说在日常交流中要杜绝套话显然是一个挑战，绝非易事，本句说使用不合时宜的套话会成为交流的障碍。故应该改为表转折关系的 However。解析：inappropriateinappropriately解析 语法错误。此处修饰动词 used，故应该用副词inappropriately，意为“使用不恰当”。
