1、专业八级-131 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)On Public Speaking When people are asked to give a speech in public for tile first time, they usually feel terrified no matter how well they speak in informal situations. In fact, public speaking is the same as any other from of
2、(1)_that people are usually engaged in. (1)_ Public speaking is a way for a speaker to (2)_ (2)_ his thoughts with the audience. Moreover, the speaker is free to decide on the (3)_ of his (3)_ speech. Two key points to achieve success in public speak- ing: (4)_of the subject matter. (4)_ good prepar
3、ation of the speech. To facilitate their understanding, inform your audience beforehand of the (5)_ of your speech, (5)_ and end it with a summary. Other key points to bear in mind: beware of your audience through eye contact. vary the speed of (6)_ (6)_ use the microphone skillfully to (7)_yourself
4、 (7)_ in speech. be brief in speech; always try to make your message (8)_ (8)_ Example: the best remembered inaugural speeches of the US presidents are -the (9) _ (9)_ ones., Therefore, brevity is essential to the (10)_ (10)_ of a speech.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
5、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).The man sounds surprised at the fact that_.（分数：1.00）A.many Australians are taking time off to travelB.the woman worked for some time in New ZealandC.the woman raised enough money for travelD.Australians prefer to work in New Zealand(2).We learn that
6、 tile woman liked Singapore mainly because of its_.（分数：1.00）A.cleannessB.multi-ethnicityC.modem characteristicsD.shopping opportunities(3).From the conversation we can infer that Kaifeng and Yinchuan impressed the woman with their_.（分数：1.00）A.respective locationsB.historic interestsC.ancient tombsD.
7、Jewish descendants(4).Which of the following words can best describe the womans feelings about Tibet?（分数：1.00）A.Amusement.B.Disbelief.C.Ecstasy.D.Delight.(5).According to the conversation, it was _that made the woman ready to stop traveling.（分数：1.00）A.the unsettledness of travelB.the difficulties of
8、 trekkingC.the loneliness of travelD.the unfamiliar environment三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)I Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).According to the news items, Prim
9、e Minister John Howard plans to talk with all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.US Defense secretary Donald RumsfeldB.US Federal Reserve chairman Alan GreenspanC.US President George W. BushD.US Vice President Dick Cheney(2).Prime Minister John Howard believes what is happening in Iraq is quite_.（
10、分数：1.00）A.discouragingB.encouragingC.pessimisticD.unexpectedI Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. /I（分数：2.00）(1).Faced with Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon Sharons threat, th
11、e Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas_.（分数：1.00）A.believed Sharon (lid not really mean to invade the occupied Gaza StripB.believed it only did bad than good to his efforts to calm the violenceC.believed it was unfair for the self-defensive Palestinian militantsD.would take it seriously and make good
12、 preparation for the attack(2).As Sharon hinted, the intended Israeli offensive into the occupied territory was not likely. Why not?（分数：1.00）A.Because Israeli troops had already counterattacked the Palestinian militants properly, killing two and injuring one.B.Because Mahmoud Abbas had promised to d
13、o whatever to prevent further Palestinian rocketing.C.Because Premier Sharon wanted to avoid overaction for only one Israeli was killed and six others wounded.D.Because US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice would visit Israel hater this week to save the truce.1.According to the news, it was _who fi
14、rst leaked the name of Mrs. Wilson as a CIA operative.（分数：1.00）A.Manmohan SinghB.Mathew CooperC.president BushD.Karl Rove四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BPeople can be addicted to different thingse, g., alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are
15、compulsive, i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders: they feel they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrationalimpossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders
16、 who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.There is a special psycholo
17、gy of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things they dont need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting g
18、ame: when they can buysomething for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for things that they do and the real reason.It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habi
19、ts, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business: they consider peoples needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.Psychologists can often use a method called
20、 “behavior therapy“ to help individuals solve their personality problems, in the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money_.（分数：1.00）A.and takes great pleasure
21、from what he or she buysB.in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in lifeC.just to meet his or her strong psychological needD.entirely with an irrational eagerness(2).According to the author, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowest possible price_.（分数：1.00）A.because they w
22、ant to save money to help their budgetsB.because they can openly boast of their triumph over others in getting things for less moneyC.and will not have money problems if they can keep to their bud getsD.but they seldom admit they feel satisfied if they can get things for less money than others(3).Wh
23、ich of the following is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.All people spend money for exactly the same reason that they need to buy things.B.Business people and advertisers use the psychology of spending habits to increase sales.C.Business people understand the psychology of compulsive buying better than scientists do
24、.D.Compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money.(4).The article is mainly about_.（分数：1.00）A.the psychology of money-spending habitsB.the purchasing habits of compulsive spendersC.a special psychology of bargain huntingD.the use of the psychology of spending habits in businessBTEXT B/BM
25、aterial culture refers to the touchable, material “things“physical objects that can be seen, held, fell, used that a culture produces. Examining a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music: can help us t
26、o understand the music culture. The most vivid body of “things“ in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot bear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures
27、in the remote past and their develop ment. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a tho
28、usand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and
29、 sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutusl influenceamong oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different
30、songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music cul Lure as a whole.One more important part of musics material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic mediaradio, record player, tape record
31、er, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information revolution“, a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just lim
32、ited to modern nations; the) have affected music cultures all over the globe.（分数：4.00）(1).Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance bucause _.（分数：1.00）A.it helps produce new cultural tools and technologyB.it can reflect the development of the nationC.it helps understand t
33、he nations past and presentD.it can demonstrate the nations civilization(2).It can be learned from this passage that_.（分数：1.00）A.the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese musicB.Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in
34、the symphony orchestraC.the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western musicD.the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music(3).According to the author, music notation is important because（分数：1.00）A.it has a grea
35、t effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read itB.it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musi clansC.it is tile printed version of standardized folk musicD.it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs(4).Which of tile following best summar
36、izes the main idea of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.B.Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded.C.Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.D.The developme
37、nt of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.BTEXT C/BAutomation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human borers, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of mo
38、re goods with fewer workers. The development of auto mation in American industry has been called the “Second Industrial Revolution“.Labors concerti over automation arises from uncertainly about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has taken the view that
39、resistance to technical change is unfruitful Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in empioy ment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labor lies in bringing about the tra
40、nsition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.
41、To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a motion of new policies. One of these is the pro motion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing
42、 unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause tire leas! possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Ano
43、ther approach is the idea of the U“improvement factor“/U, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labor will rely mainly on re duction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of auto mation.（分数：4.00）(1).Though labor worrie
44、s about the effects of automation, it never doubts that_.（分数：1.00）A.automation will eventually prevent unemploymentB.automation will help workers acquire new skillsC.automation will eventually benefit the workers no less than the employersD.automation is a trend which cannot be stopped(2).The idea o
45、f the “improvement factor“ (Para. 3) implies roughly（分数：1.00）A.wages should be paid on the basis of length of serviceB.the benefit of the increased production and lower costs should be shared by workersC.supplementary unemployment benefit plans should be promotedD.the transition to automation should
46、 be brought about with tile minimum of inconvenience and distress to workers.(3).21 In order to get the fall benefits of automation, labor will depend mostly on（分数：1.00）A.additional payment to the permanently dismissed workersB.the increase of wages in proportion to the increase in productivityC.sho
47、rter working hours and more leisure timeD.strong drive for planning new installations(4).Which of the following can best sum up the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Advantages and disadvantages of automation.B.Labor and the effects of automation.C.Unemployment benefit plans and automation.D.Social benefits of aut
48、omation.BTEXT D/BWhat has the telephone done to us, or for us, in the hundred years of its existence? A few effects suggest themselves at once. It has saved lives by getting rapid word of illness, injury, or fire from remote places. By joining will the elevator to make possible the multi-story residence, e or office building, it has made possible for better or worse the modern city. By bringing about a great leap in the speed and ease with which i
