1、专业八级-12 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSuccess Personality/B According to a Gallup survey, a number of qualities are common among successful people. Here are five of the most important. 1. Common seine. It refers to the ability to makeU (1) /Ujudgements on daily affairs.
2、 To some people, the key ability for success is simplifying. Since common sense is not a quality a person is born with, it can beU (2) /U. Observation is another way to increase onesU (3) /Uof common sense. 2. Knowing ones field. On-the-job experience convinced many achievers of the importance ofU (
3、4) /Uknowledge. Successful people always know what they arc doing and continue the learning process. 3.U (5) /U. It includes strongU (6) /Uand the ability to set goals. After having clear goals for their lives and careers, top achievers persevere until the work is accomplished. 4. General intelligen
4、ce. This essential quality involves your ability to comprehend difficult concepts quickly and toU (7) /Uthem clearly. General intelligence is not only a(n)U (8) /Ucapacity, but also wide interests and a thirst of knowledge. 5. The ability to get things done. High achievers areU (9) /Uin completing t
5、heir work. They have organizational ability, good work habits and they are hard-working. Besides the five listed here, there are other factors that influence success: leadership,U (10) /U, and luck, etc. If you cultivate these qualities, you might become one of the top achievers in our society.（分数：1
6、0.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Who is the first speaker?（分数：1.00）A.A driver.B.A passenger.C.A policeman.D.doctor.(2).What did the first speaker want?（分数：1.00）A.AR the details.B.Only a little information at that time.C.No in
7、formation until the next day.D.Mr. Simpsons comments on the accident.(3).Why wasnt the young lady wearing her seat-belt?（分数：1.00）A.She wasnt able to make it fit her.B.She wasnt able to fasten it.C.She was told not to fasten it.D.It was unnecessary to wear the seat-belt.(4).Why did Mr. Simpson say th
8、at he couldnt have been driving fast?（分数：1.00）A.He had only been driving fifty yards on the main road.B.He had just come out into the main road.C.He had stopped fifty yards away.D.He had always driven under fifty miles an hour.(5).What would happen to Mr. Simpsons car after everything is finished?（分
9、数：1.00）A.It would be taken to the garage.B.It would be repaired.C.It would be driven away by Mr. Simpson.D.It would be removed by the police.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).Americas allies in Europe are _ to take military action against Basnias Serbs.（分数：1.00）A.readyB.unwillingC.willingD.likely(2).
10、According to the Vance-Owen plan, Sarajevo would be controlled by _.（分数：1.00）A.MuslimsB.SerbsC.CroatsD.all aboveIQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).The notice issu
11、ed by the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry Agriculture requires that _.（分数：1.00）A.basic farmland protection zones should be establishedB.illegally occupying and destroying farmland should be punishedC.a legal system to protect basic farmland be set upD.A and B(2).About how many hectar
12、es of the farmland were lost to economic expansion and natural disasters in 1998?（分数：1.00）A.397,000 hectares.B.261,300 hectares.C.658,300 hectares.D.Not clearly stated.(3).According to the notice, which are not taken into account in the establishment of basic farmland protection zones?（分数：1.00）A.The
13、 arable land in the cities.B.The arable land along highways.C.The arable land on the outskirts of cities.D.The arable land along railroad.四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BVideo conferencing is gradually becoming an accepted means in which to do business. For a long time is suffered from the
14、image of the video conferencing suite, cumbersome and expensive to operate with long booking lead times. Its use tended to be confined to special executive meetings on different continents and its practicality for everyday uses tended to be overlooked. That was perfectly understandable given the sta
15、te of the technology. But desktop video conferencing entered the market with an explosion of publicity several years ago and has been growing at a steady rate since. Market predictions show growth rates of around 60-100% year on year as more and more companies axe beginning to embrace the concepts a
16、nd applications of video conferencing.Changes in the way we work are going to provide one of the most important spurs to the growth in the use of this technology. Mobile working is making traditional communications methods obsolete and rapid information exchange a priority. Video conferencing is wel
17、l positioned to help companies who have a heavy reliance on immediate employee communications to meet this need in the ever-changing working environment.For those who are new to video conferencing it is worth defining the key areas of video conferencing to help in understanding the market. Video con
18、ferencing enables audio and video transmission between separate locations from anywhere in the world. Video conferences can be point-to-point exactly like a telephone call, or multi-point enabling virtual meetings amongst three or more locations to take place, both most commonly using an ISDN networ
19、k.Multi-point conferences require a physical device called a Multi-point Contro Unit (MCU) or “bridge“. The MCUs function is to recognize that each participant is using an industry standard and then connect all the participants together. The technical complexities of operating a bridge requires a te
20、lecom department within a organization. However most choose to avoid the costs and work associated with this and use a multi-point service provider which is where AT now clerical and paraprofessional tasks are being automated; and eventually highly skilled and some professional functions will be mad
21、e unnecessary. Individuals performing these functions face the probability of shorter periods of employment and the need to adapt or change their skills. As technologies, including information technology, grow more sophisticated, their learning curves stretch or the required skills become narrower;
22、continuing training and education are likely to become a way of life for both employee and employer. Unlike the slow, gradual evolution of human labour in past generations, present day changes are occurring rapidly and with little warning. Unless society members anticipate these effects and prepare
23、to cope with them mentally and in practice, job dislocations and forced geographic relocations may prove traumatic for employees and their families.The perhaps more fundamental issue of paramount long-term significance for society has to do with the well-being of the human spirit in an increasingly
24、knowledge-intensive environment. In such an environment, knowledge is the principal and perhaps most valuable currency. The growing volume and the rate of obsolescence of knowledge compel the individual to live in the continuous presence of, and frequent interaction with, information resources and s
25、ystems. Effective use of these resources and systems may be a modern definition of literacy, while the absence of such a skill may very well result in intellectual and possibly economic poverty and inequity. There is a real danger that humans, unwilling or incapable or not given access to informatio
26、n, may be relegated to an existence that falls short of the human potential.（分数：4.00）(1).The underlined word “perturb“ in the first paragraph most probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.modifyB.neglectC.permeateD.upset(2).The second paragraph is mainly about _.（分数：1.00）A.the obsolescence of many human function
27、sB.the impact of information technology on individuals skills and jobsC.rapid evolution of human labourD.job dislocations and forced geographic relocations(3).Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?（分数：1.00）A.The borderline between the common good and personal privacy is
28、 no longer elusive.B.With the development of information technology even highly skilled and. professional functions may become obsolete.C.People can never catch up with the rate of obsolescence of knowledge.D.People who are given access to information are literate.(4).This passage is mainly about _.
29、（分数：1.00）A.information technologyB.an increasingly knowledge-intensive environmentC.a modern definition of literacyD.effects of modern information systems on the individualBTEXT C/BThe females of our closest primate relatives, the chimpanzees, are not exactly paragons of sexual probity. A recent DNA
30、 study of behavior in the forest of Africas Ivory Coast showed that despite the hurrying of local males, the wily females were stealing off so often that half their offspring turn out to be fathered by outsiders. Of bonobos, perhaps the less said the better, at least in a family magazine. These “pyg
31、my chimps“, as they are also known, share 98% of our genes and a tendency to what Freud termed “polymorphous perversity“. They will have sex with anyone, male of female as readily as we humans shake hands and apparently for the same purpose.The interesting thing is that female promiscuity seems to b
32、e a reproductively advantageous trait, which may explain why it prevails in the animal world. The more males a female prairie dog mates with, for example, the more likely she is to conceive and the larger her litters. Angier reports on data, still disputed, that suggest human females are more likely
33、 to get pregnant for sex with an adulterous lover than from sex with their spouse.So, to the extent that females relied on male help in raising a family, the smartest female reproductive strategy may have involved no less treachery than the male one: behave promiscuously, so youll be sure to get pre
34、gnant, but pretend to be monogamous professing undying love - so that at least one of the fellows will think the kids are his and possibly take an interest in them. Hey, it fooled the evolutionary psychologists!Men fall for pretty faces, women fall for healthy portfolios? Heres another object lesson
35、 sometimes drawn from the evolutionary allegory of Monica and Bill: men go for beautiful women, while women are attracted to power and money, even when it comes in a fat, gray-haired middle-bound millionaire husband, there are more cases like ex-playmate Anna Nicole Smith and her late, wheelchair-bo
36、und millionaire husband, there are like elementary school teacher Mary Letourneau and her 13-year-old boyfriend. But since men tend to accrue wealth and power as they age, its a bit odd, as zoologist Desmond Moils once noted, that baleness doesnt necessarily activate the feminine positive response.
37、It may be smart for women to go for the billionaires and tribal big shots, but in practice their choices are often politically and economically irrational, if not self-destructive. For example, Juliet fell for a scion of the enemy clan. In rock-and-roll tradition and movies from The Wild One to Shak
38、espeare in Love. Its the penniless who makes the girls scream - and did anyone see Titanic?There is in fact a respectable evolutionary rationale for such “irrational“ female choices. Women may want loyal, provider-type mates to help them raise their children. But if their sons are not attractive to
39、other women - and hence keep the lineage thriving - it might help if dad is a heartbreaker himself. Unfortunately, though, physical attractiveness is not a reliable guide to reproductive “fitness“, as in health and wealth. Consider the peacock, its gorgeous tail renders it fairly vulnerable to preda
40、tors, so any peahen with a concern for her sons longevity should opt for a more modestly cute one.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the information given in the first paragraph, we can infer that _.（分数：1.00）A.chimps also live in a civilized communityB.human beings are just similar to the chimpsC.people unde
41、rstand chimps quite wellD.the chimps and people live in similar societies(2).Which of the following is a most likely meaning for the word “bonobo“ in the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.A species of wild horses.B.A species of chimpanzee.C.A species of giraffes.D.A species of tigers.(3).In fourth paragrap
42、h, the author cites the example of Monica and Bill to show that _.（分数：1.00）A.men like charming women while women like strong menB.men like charming women while women like rich menC.men like money while women like cute menD.men like money while women like charming men(4).In the last paragraph the aut
43、hor cites the example of beautiful peacocks with gorgeous tails to mean _.（分数：1.00）A.a female who favors cute clothesB.a male who likes cute clothesC.an animal that favors many friendsD.a male who is cute but not richBTEXT D/BTheories are like apples; there are good ones and there are bad ones. A go
44、od apple is flavorful and nutritious. A good theory is one that we have good reason to believe is true, or at least likely to be true. Apples have all sorts of features that are indicative of goodness and that can be used at the store for making smart choices. An apples color, shininess, shape, and
45、firmness are related to its flavor and food value. Similarly, theories have features that are indicative of their truth, and the task of justification is to identify these features and use them to guide choices as to which theories to believe. In this way, responsible theory choice and responsible s
46、cience are not unlike responsible shopping. The big difference is that you get to go home and eat the apple and find out if you were right and it really does taste good. With theories, however, there is no feature that is the taste of truth, at least not that we get to sample. There are only feature
47、s that indicate truth. You never get to go home and see unambiguously that atomic theory, for example, is true. But you do the best you can.Theories have lots of different properties and can differ one from another in a variety of different ways. A few have been mentioned already, namely the degree
48、of generality and hypothetical status of a theoretical claim. An account of the properties of a theory is an answer to the inquiry, “So tell me what this theory is like.“ There are plenty of things to say, that is, plenty of features to mention. There is the feature of how it was discovered, by whom, at what time of day. Some theories have the feature of being proposed by Einstein; some lack his feature. Some have the feature of being liked by Einstein; some dont. There are also features of the content of a
