1、专业八级-129 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING in 1 fact, I“m approaching to old age. But my motive for living this 2 straddled existence, with one foot in African sand and the another 3 in European snow, in the melancholy region of Norrland in Sweden that I grew up, has to do with wanting to s
2、ee clearly, to 4 understand. The simplest way to explain what I“ve learned from my life in Africa is through a parable about why human beings have two ears and only one tongue. Why is this? Probably so that we have to 5 listen twice as much as we speak. In Africa listening is a guided principle. It“
3、s a principle that 6 has lost in the constant chatter of the Western world, where no one 7 seems to have the time or even the desire to listen to anyone else. From my own experience, I“ve noticed how much faster I have to answer a question during a TV interview than what I did 10, 8 maybe even 5, ye
4、ars ago. It“s as if we have complete lost the 9 ability to listen. We talk and talk, and we end up frightening by 10 silence, the refuge of those who are at a loss for an answer.（分数：25.00）三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)For many, the pursuit of happiness is also the pursuit of prosperity. Part of the Ame
5、rican dream is the ability to provide 1 your family, have a job that pays the bills, and puts a roof over your head. The last few years of economical uncertainty have 2 made this dream harder to attain for millions of U.S. citizens and legal immigrants. Twenty-four million Americans are employed or
6、3 underemployed. Meanwhile, there are 7 million illegal workers with jobs in the U.S. We could open up millions of jobs for citizens and legal immigrants even if we simply enforced worksite 4 immigration laws. E-Verify is a program that helps preserve rare jobs for U.S. 5 citizens and legal immigran
7、ts. It allows employers to check what 6 prospective employees are legally authorized to work in the U.S. The program is free, quick, and easy to usepersons eligible to work immediately confirmed 99.5 percent of the time. More than 7 270,000 employers across the U.S. voluntarily use E-Verify, and the
8、 average of 1,300 new businesses sign up each week. I“ve 8 introduced the Legal Workforce Act to require all U.S. employers to use E-Verify. This bill is one of the most significant steps we can make to preserve the pursuit of happiness for millions of U.S. 9 citizens and legal immigrants while curb
9、ing incentives for future illegal immigrants. The U.S. has been and will continue to be a nation of immigrants. And we are also a nation of laws. And we must 10 enforce our laws to protect and preserve the rights and freedoms that make America so great.（分数：25.00）四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)It“s the h
10、oliday season and that means kids by the millions are asking Santa for the opportunity to blow away enemy soldiers and aliens on the Xbox or PlayStation. Would parents be worried about 1 buying such gifts? Violent video games are now an established part of our culture; recent releases of games such
11、as Call of Duty: Modern Warfare and Skyrim have setting sales records for media 2 releases (topping even blockbuster movies) and garnishing lavish reviews for their artistic merits. Ten years ago, scholars and politicians raised the possibility such games might contribute to 3 school shootings or ot
12、her youth violence. Our modem fears over Violent video games appear to be in line with prior moral panics over media as diversely as jazz music, 4 comic books and Harry Potter. Granted, too much passive activity, including video games, can contribute to obesity. Unlike 5 anything else, gaming should
13、 be enjoyed in moderation, balanced with outdoor activity, allowed enough time for family and 6 schoolwork. A very small number of kids exhibit signs of pathological gaming. And regarding concerns about aggression, it 7 appears to be that, fairly early on, children learn to distinguish between fanta
14、sy and reality, and their brains don“t treat these phenomena the same. Santa Claus is a primary example. Despite 8 that not only their parents but all of society conspiring to lie to 9 children about the reality of this fellow, children can reason out the improbability of its existence by the mid-el
15、ementary years. With 10 those kinds of reasoning powers, kids can handle a video game that doesn“t even claim to be real.（分数：25.00）五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)For most of American history, businesses were run to provide livelihoods and “reasonable“ profit. In the last few decades, though, business an
16、d society in the general have moved toward 1 emphasizing profit maximization and individual self-interest. The transfer from “reasonable profit“ to profit maximization has 2 significant implications for corporate behavior and government regulation. However, how society views the purpose of the 3 cor
17、poration has significant implications not only for business, but also for the perceived responsibilities of its civilians, their 4 interactions with each other, and their obligation to their fellow countrymen. Today, it is uncommon for corporations to direct their 5 attention to serving for sharehol
18、der and management interests, and 6 to achieving the highest short-term financial return. Not only has this view become commonplace in society and the economy, it has permeated educational institutions and affected how young people see the role of corporations. Lost in this orientation, though, is a
19、 sense of the corporation as a creature of the state, created and gave special powers and 7 privileges by the state. The historic balance between “we“ versus “me“ has shifted dramatic toward a focus on self-interest at the 8 expense of societal interest. The result has been a decline in broad social
20、 and economic values in favor of viewing the corporation solely a vehicle for personal financial enrichment. That view 9 represents a significant shift from the historicalwhich the grant 10 of corporate privilege was to advance public purposes such as building roads, bridges, and canals.（分数：25.00）专业
21、八级-129 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING in 1 fact, I“m approaching to old age. But my motive for living this 2 straddled existence, with one foot in African sand and the another 3 in European snow, in the melancholy region of Norrland in Sweden that I grew up, has to do with wanting to see
22、clearly, to 4 understand. The simplest way to explain what I“ve learned from my life in Africa is through a parable about why human beings have two ears and only one tongue. Why is this? Probably so that we have to 5 listen twice as much as we speak. In Africa listening is a guided principle. It“s a
23、 principle that 6 has lost in the constant chatter of the Western world, where no one 7 seems to have the time or even the desire to listen to anyone else. From my own experience, I“ve noticed how much faster I have to answer a question during a TV interview than what I did 10, 8 maybe even 5, years
24、 ago. It“s as if we have complete lost the 9 ability to listen. We talk and talk, and we end up frightening by 10 silence, the refuge of those who are at a loss for an answer.（分数：25.00）解析：onin解析 词汇错误。此处 off and on是固定词组，意为“断断续续地，时不时地”，在句中作状语，而动词 five与其宾语 Mozambique之间缺少介词，应补上相应的介词 in。解析：to to 解析 词汇错误。
25、当 approach后接宾语，表示在时间或空间上接近某物时，通常用作及物动词，所以删掉介词 to。解析：anotherother解析 词汇错误。根据常识判断，此处应特指另一只脚，所以用表示“特指两者中另外一个”的词组 the other。解析：thatwhere解析 语法错误。此处是一个定语从句，其先行词是表示地点的名词短语，引导词在从句中作状语，所以用表示地点的关系副词 where引导从句。解析：andbut解析 语篇错误。下文提到人类倾听是说话的两倍，由此可推断此处是人类有两只耳朵和一条舌头的对比，两者间应该是转折关系，才符合倾听多于开口的语义，only 一词也提示了此处应改为 but。解
26、析：guidedguiding解析 词汇错误。guiding principle 是固定短语，意为“指导原则”，符合上下文的意思。而 guided principle表示“被指导的原则”，不符合文意。解析：lostbeen解析 语法错误。此处 lose的主语 that指代的是先行词 principle，而 principle与 lose之间应该是被动关系，所以动词应改为被动语态形式。整句的意思为“在喋喋不休的西方世界中，人们已经丢失了这一原则”。解析：what what 解析 语法错误。此处 than连接两个比较对象，than 前半部分，即第一个比较对象是一个句子，所以后半部分也应该是一个句子
27、，而 what引导的从句在语法上相当于一个名词，前后比较对象在结构上不一致，所以删掉 what。解析：completecompletely解析 语法错误。此处修饰动词 lost，应该选用副词形式 completely。解析：frighteningfrightened解析 语法错误。由介词 by可以看出，此处并非 end up doing sth.结构。根据句意，frightening 在此应作伴随状语。由于 frighten跟主语 we之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，故需要将 frightening改为 frightened。介词 by也印证了这一点。三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.
28、00)For many, the pursuit of happiness is also the pursuit of prosperity. Part of the American dream is the ability to provide 1 your family, have a job that pays the bills, and puts a roof over your head. The last few years of economical uncertainty have 2 made this dream harder to attain for millio
29、ns of U.S. citizens and legal immigrants. Twenty-four million Americans are employed or 3 underemployed. Meanwhile, there are 7 million illegal workers with jobs in the U.S. We could open up millions of jobs for citizens and legal immigrants even if we simply enforced worksite 4 immigration laws. E-
30、Verify is a program that helps preserve rare jobs for U.S. 5 citizens and legal immigrants. It allows employers to check what 6 prospective employees are legally authorized to work in the U.S. The program is free, quick, and easy to usepersons eligible to work immediately confirmed 99.5 percent of t
31、he time. More than 7 270,000 employers across the U.S. voluntarily use E-Verify, and the average of 1,300 new businesses sign up each week. I“ve 8 introduced the Legal Workforce Act to require all U.S. employers to use E-Verify. This bill is one of the most significant steps we can make to preserve
32、the pursuit of happiness for millions of U.S. 9 citizens and legal immigrants while curbing incentives for future illegal immigrants. The U.S. has been and will continue to be a nation of immigrants. And we are also a nation of laws. And we must 10 enforce our laws to protect and preserve the rights
33、 and freedoms that make America so great.（分数：25.00）解析：providefor 或 providesupport解析 词汇错误。provide 作及物动词意为“提供”，放在此处不符合文意，provide for 为固定搭配，表示“供养，抚养”，此句要表达的意思是“供养家庭的能力”，故应该增加一个 for。或者把 provide改为 support，也可以表示“供养”。解析：economicaleconomi解析 词汇错误。economical 意为“节俭的，实惠的”，economic 意为“经济的，经济学的”，根据上下文语境，此处要表达的意思是
34、“过去几年经济上的不稳定使得美国梦更难实现”，故应改为 economic，符合上下语义。解析：employedunemployed解析 语篇错误。此句用连词 or连接两个并列的表语，表示选择关系，意为“或，还是”，根据上下文语境，后面一句指出 700万非法移民在美国拥有工作，中间用 meanwhile衔接，表示对比，可以推断出前一句要表达“美国公民和合法移民在失业”之意，故此处应改为unemployed，意为“2400 万美国人失业或半失业。”解析：even even 解析 语篇错误。even if 意为“即使，尽管”，表示让步关系，由上下文语义判断，前面指出：我们可以为美国公民和合法移民提供
35、许多工作，后句说到：我们实施了移民法，可见，后者构成前者的条件，故应该去掉 even，用 if引导条件状语从句。解析：rarescarce解析 词汇错误。rare 和 scarce都有“稀少的，罕见的”的意思，但不同的是：rare主要指名贵和不寻常的东西，而 scarce带有短缺的、不能满足需求的意思。此处指的是就业机会少，供不应求，故应该用 scarce。解析：whatwhether/if解析 语法错误。此处是宾语从句，引导词在从句中不充当任何成分，不能用引导词 what引导，由于动词 check表达的含义不确定，故应该用 whether或 if来引导，表示“是否”，此句的意思是“E-ver
36、ify 允许雇主检查将来的雇员是否有合法的权利在美国工作。”解析：immediatelyare解析 语法错误。此句的谓语动词 confirm与主语 persons是被动关系，表示“被确认”，且此句用来补充说明。前面的主句用了一般现在时，根据时态一致原则，此处应该加上are构成一般现在时的被动语态。解析：thean解析 词汇错误。an average of 为固定搭配，意为“平均”，此句的意思是“每个星期平均有 1300家企业注册。”故应该把 the改为 an。解析：maketake解析 词汇错误。此句是定语从句，修饰先行词 steps，step 表示“措施，步骤”，应该和 take搭配，意为“
37、采取措施”。解析：And (we are)But解析 语篇错误。由上下文语义判断，此句和前句的逻辑关系应该是转折关系，不是并列关系，前句指出“美国曾经，并将继续是一个移民国家”，后句则说“美国也是一个法治国家”，二者形成对照，故应该用表示转折意义的连词 But。四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)It“s the holiday season and that means kids by the millions are asking Santa for the opportunity to blow away enemy soldiers and aliens on the
38、 Xbox or PlayStation. Would parents be worried about 1 buying such gifts? Violent video games are now an established part of our culture; recent releases of games such as Call of Duty: Modern Warfare and Skyrim have setting sales records for media 2 releases (topping even blockbuster movies) and gar
39、nishing lavish reviews for their artistic merits. Ten years ago, scholars and politicians raised the possibility such games might contribute to 3 school shootings or other youth violence. Our modem fears over Violent video games appear to be in line with prior moral panics over media as diversely as
40、 jazz music, 4 comic books and Harry Potter. Granted, too much passive activity, including video games, can contribute to obesity. Unlike 5 anything else, gaming should be enjoyed in moderation, balanced with outdoor activity, allowed enough time for family and 6 schoolwork. A very small number of k
41、ids exhibit signs of pathological gaming. And regarding concerns about aggression, it 7 appears to be that, fairly early on, children learn to distinguish between fantasy and reality, and their brains don“t treat these phenomena the same. Santa Claus is a primary example. Despite 8 that not only the
42、ir parents but all of society conspiring to lie to 9 children about the reality of this fellow, children can reason out the improbability of its existence by the mid-elementary years. With 10 those kinds of reasoning powers, kids can handle a video game that doesn“t even claim to be real.（分数：25.00）解
43、析：WouldShould解析 词汇错误。would 表主观上的意愿，should 表客观上的应该，此句问的是父母应不应该为买此类礼物担心，而不是愿不愿意担心，故应改为 Should。解析：settingbeen解析 语法错误。乍一看可能以为此句是用现在完成时，故把现在分词 setting改为过去分词 set，但是看完整句发现句中用 and连接了两个并列的谓语动词 set和 garnish，而后者用的是现在分词形式，那前面的 set也应该用现在分词形式，故应该在前面加上 been，变成现在完成进行时。解析：suchthat解析 语法错误。根据上下文语义，分句 such games.other
44、youth violence是用来解释 possibility的内容，应该是 possibility的同位语，故应该用连词 that引导，that 在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。解析：diverselydiverse解析 语法错误。as+a./ad.+as 表示同级的比较，意为“和一样”，作后置定语修饰名词 media，应该用形容词 diverse。解析：UnlikeLike解析 语篇错误。根据上下文语义，玩电子游戏和做其他事情是一样的，都应该要适度，故此处应改为 Like，意为“像，和一样”。解析：allowedallowing解析 语法错误。此处分词短语作伴随状语，修饰前面句子，应
45、该用现在分词形式，故应改为 allowing。注意不要误以为 allowing与前面的谓语动词 enjoyed和 balanced并列，不然它们共同主语就是 gaming，意为“游戏使得足够多的时间留给家庭和作业。”明显语意不对。解析：AndBut解析 语篇错误。由上下文语义判断，此句与前句之间应该是转折的关系，不是并列关系，前句指出玩电子游戏的负面影响一小部分孩子表现出病态游戏的征兆，本句则指出孩子们似乎很早就学会区分幻想和现实，因而玩电游不会影响孩子的攻击性，前后对照，故应该用表示转折意义的连词But。解析：primaryprime解析 词汇错误。primary 和 prime作形容词都有
46、“主要的，最初的”的意思，但 prime还有“最好的，典型的”之意，此句要表达的意思是“圣诞老人是最好的例子”，故用 prime符合上下文语义。解析：that that 解析 语篇错误。despite 作介词，意为“尽管”，通常后面接名词、代词或动名词短语，此处后接的是动名词结构，而不是完整的句子，故应该删掉 that。解析：itshis解析 语法错误。此处指代的是前句的 this fellow，即 Santa Claus(圣诞老人)，指人，故应改为 his。五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)For most of American history, businesses
47、were run to provide livelihoods and “reasonable“ profit. In the last few decades, though, business and society in the general have moved toward 1 emphasizing profit maximization and individual self-interest. The transfer from “reasonable profit“ to profit maximization has 2 significant implications
48、for corporate behavior and government regulation. However, how society views the purpose of the 3 corporation has significant implications not only for business, but also for the perceived responsibilities of its civilians, their 4 interactions with each other, and their obligation to their fellow c
49、ountrymen. Today, it is uncommon for corporations to direct their 5 attention to serving for shareholder and management interests, and 6 to achieving the highest short-term financial return. Not only has this view become commonplace in society and the economy, it has permeated educational institutions and affected how young people see the role of corporations. Lost in this orientation, though, is a sense of the corporation as a creature of the state, created and gave special powers and 7 p
