1、专业八级-128 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a relative threat to children“s health that isn“t as easy to get rid of: 1 t
2、hird-hand smoke. That“s the term being used to describe the invisible yet toxic mixture of gas and particles clinging to 2 smokers“ hair and clothing, not mention cushions and carpeting, 3 that linger long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. 4 The reminder includes heavy metals and radi
3、oactive materials that 5 young children can get on their hands and ingest, especially if they“re crawling or playing on the floor. Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term “third-hand smoke“ to describe these chemicals in a new study that focused on the risks they pos
4、e to infants and children. The study was published in latest issue of the journal 6 Pediatrics. “Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, but they don“t know about this,“ said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, the leaded author of the study and an assistant professor of 7 pediatrics at Harvard Medical
5、 School. “When your kids are out of 8 the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and smoke, and they think it“s okay so the second-hand smoke isn“t 9 getting to their kids,“ Dr. Winickoff continued. “We needed a term
6、to describe these tobacco toxins that aren“t invisible.“ 10 （分数：25.00）三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Today women earn almost 60 percent of all bachelor“s degrees and more than half of master“s and Ph.D.“s. Many people believe that, as this may be good for women as income earners, it 1 foreshadows ill fo
7、r their marital prospects. As Kate Bolick wrote in a much-discussed article in The Atlantic last fall, American women face “a radical shrinking pool 2 of what are traditionally considered to be “marriageable“ men- those who are better educated and earn more than they do.“ Educated women worry that t
8、hey are scaring potential partners, 3 and experts claim that those who do marry will end up with satisfactory matches. They point to outdated studies suggesting 4 that women with high earnings than their husbands do more 5 housework to compensate for the threat to their mates“ egos. Is this really t
9、he fate facing with educated women: either no 6 marriage at all or the marriage with more housework? Nonsense. 7 That may have been the case in the past, but no longer. By 1996, intelligence and education moved up to No. 5 on men“s ranking of 8 desirable qualities in a mate. The desire for a good co
10、ok and housekeeper had dropped to 14th place, near the bottom of the 18-point scale. The sociologist Christine B. Whelan reports that by 2008, men“s interest in a woman“s education had arisen to No. 4, 9 just after mutual attraction, dependent character and emotional 10 stability.（分数：25.00）四、Passage
11、 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the input of adequate nutritious 1 food. Otherwise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain 2 our keen mental power and expand our intelligent capacity. 3 Constant learning supplies
12、us inexhaustible fuel for driving us to 4 sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the time in the 5 information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a
13、 common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On contrary, learning should be a never-ending 6 process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changed 7 so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What“s wor
14、se, the animalistic instinct deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, and weakening our will to 8 pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success, even killing our desire for the refinement of our characteristic. Lack of learning will inevitably lead t
15、o the 9 stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally younger, we have to take learning as a lifelong 10 career.（分数：25.00）五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)I have been teaching for longer than I care to say, and always offer a course for entering freshmen. And I“ve d
16、iscovered something quite elemental: all young people have knowledge-thirsty minds that can be awakened and encouraged to examine the world they inhabit in. 1 So why do we hear so many professors describe their pupils so hostile to learning? I“ll stipulate the obvious: 2 colleges want good students.
17、 Because by that, they 3 generally mean highly SATs and GPAs. Sadly, this 4 expectation continues at college where, as Harvard“s Harvey Mansfield states, professors believe “that what they“re doing the research on is exactly what students 5 need to know. How best to get more students into college an
18、d get them thinking? A start would be to abandon the constrictions of academic fields. I know of a class that a 6 professor invites the students to ponder human nature. They cites Alexander Hamilton, who wrote that human 7 beings are “ambitious, vindictive, and rapacious.“ And then Thomas Jefferson,
19、 who held that “morality, compassion, and generosity are innate elements in the human constitution.“ This is a discussion worth of a 8 college course, in which every one of us can bring information and insights to the analysis. This can also happen in the sciences. Thus there“s a geology course that
20、 starts the professor saying, “After this semester, you“ll 9 never look at a rock in the same way again.“ Of course, the students are expecting to put in a lot of hard work. But 10 teachers like that make them willing to do it.（分数：25.00）专业八级-128 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：0
21、，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a relative threat to children“s health that isn“t as easy to get rid of: 1 third-hand smoke. That“s the term being used to describe the invi
22、sible yet toxic mixture of gas and particles clinging to 2 smokers“ hair and clothing, not mention cushions and carpeting, 3 that linger long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. 4 The reminder includes heavy metals and radioactive materials that 5 young children can get on their hands a
23、nd ingest, especially if they“re crawling or playing on the floor. Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term “third-hand smoke“ to describe these chemicals in a new study that focused on the risks they pose to infants and children. The study was published in latest iss
24、ue of the journal 6 Pediatrics. “Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, but they don“t know about this,“ said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, the leaded author of the study and an assistant professor of 7 pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. “When your kids are out of 8 the house, they might smok
25、e. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and smoke, and they think it“s okay so the second-hand smoke isn“t 9 getting to their kids,“ Dr. Winickoff continued. “We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren“t invisible.“ 10 （分数：
26、25.00）解析：relativerelated解析 词汇错误。relative 作形容词时表示“相对的，比较的”，也可表示“相关的，有关系的”，但意为后者时通常不放在名词前直接修饰名词，而是后接介词 to形成固定搭配。所以这里应该改成 related(相关的)，直接修饰后面的名词 threat。解析：gasgases解析 语法错误。由于上文用到了 mixture一词，表示“混合物”，由此可知这里的gas应该是指“各种各样的气体”，当表示这个含义时，gas 是可数名词，应该改成复数形式。解析：mentionto解析 词汇错误。not to mention 是固定搭配，表示“更不用说”，必须加介
27、词to。解析：lingerlingers解析 语法错误。本句 that引导的是定语从句，修饰的先行词是前面的mixture，故谓语动词要用单数形式 lingers。本句意思是“房间内的二手烟清除许久之后，仍有看不见的气体和颗粒的有毒混合物残留在座垫、地毯或吸烟者的头发和衣物上。”解析：reminderremainder解析 词汇错误。reminder 表示“令人回忆的东西，提醒物”，在这里与上下文不符。前文提到仍有看不见的有毒混合物残留在房间内，这里继续谈到残留物包含的物质，如重金属，辐射物质等。所以此处应改为 reminder。的易混词 remainder，表示“剩余物，残余部分”。解析：l
28、atestthe解析 词汇错误。latest 表示“最新的”，本句话的意思是“研究结果发表于最新一期的小儿科医学期刊”，这里最新一期的期刊是特指，故需要加上定冠词 the。解析：leadedlead解析 词汇错误。leaded 作形容词时，表示“加铅的，镀铅的”，而后面修饰的名词是 author，语义搭配上不恰当。lead 作名词可以表示“主角，领舞”，在这里与 author形成固定用法，表示“第一作者”。解析：yourtheir解析 语法错误。全文从未使用第二人称进行表述，从下文 they might smoke可知，此处的小孩也是指那些抽烟者的小孩，故将物主代词改为 their。解析：so
29、because解析 语篇错误。so 的前半部分提到“许多父母认为只要把孩子放在后座上，打开车窗，这样抽烟就没有问题”，后面提到“小孩没吸到二手烟”。从句子之间的逻辑关系来判断，本句的因果关系颠倒了，是前果后因，故将 so改成 because。解析：invisiblevisible 或 aren“tare解析 语篇错误。本句使用了双重否定，则原句表肯定的含义，即我们需要一个术语来描述这些看得见的香烟毒素。而这与第一段对“三手烟”的定义明显相悖，“所谓三手烟是指房间内的二手烟清除许久之后，仍残留在座垫、地毯或吸烟者头发和衣物上看不见的气体和颗粒的有毒混合物。”这些有毒气体本身是“看不见”的，所以本
30、句在意思上应该表示否定。三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Today women earn almost 60 percent of all bachelor“s degrees and more than half of master“s and Ph.D.“s. Many people believe that, as this may be good for women as income earners, it 1 foreshadows ill for their marital prospects. As Kate Bolick wrote in a much-
31、discussed article in The Atlantic last fall, American women face “a radical shrinking pool 2 of what are traditionally considered to be “marriageable“ men- those who are better educated and earn more than they do.“ Educated women worry that they are scaring potential partners, 3 and experts claim th
32、at those who do marry will end up with satisfactory matches. They point to outdated studies suggesting 4 that women with high earnings than their husbands do more 5 housework to compensate for the threat to their mates“ egos. Is this really the fate facing with educated women: either no 6 marriage a
33、t all or the marriage with more housework? Nonsense. 7 That may have been the case in the past, but no longer. By 1996, intelligence and education moved up to No. 5 on men“s ranking of 8 desirable qualities in a mate. The desire for a good cook and housekeeper had dropped to 14th place, near the bot
34、tom of the 18-point scale. The sociologist Christine B. Whelan reports that by 2008, men“s interest in a woman“s education had arisen to No. 4, 9 just after mutual attraction, dependent character and emotional 10 stability.（分数：25.00）解析：as(this)while/though/although解析 语篇错误。本句说“女性受教育的程度越来越高有助于提高她们的收入”
35、，下一句提到“她们的婚姻前景却并不可观”，两句之间是让步关系，不能用表示原因或时间的连词 as。解析：radicalradically解析 语法错误。radical 是形容词。表示“根本的；激进的”，shrinking在这里是形容词，表示“缩小的”，因此要用副词来修饰，故改为 radically，表示“适婚男性急剧减少的状况”。解析：scaringaway解析 词汇错误。scare 是动词，表示“惊吓，恐吓”，此处讨论的是受教育女性很难找到理想伴侣，她们的高学历不是恐吓到对方，而是让潜在的伴侣望而却步，因此用词组 scare away更合适，表示“吓跑”。解析：satisfactoryunsa
36、tisfactory解析 语篇错误。前文一直在讲述高学历女性择偶难的问题，本句开头说高学历女性担心吓跑对方，and 表示并列，因此后面专家的言论应该和前面的观点一致，即最终结婚的人婚姻也不令人满意，而不是满意，故改为 unsatisfactory。解析：highhigher解析 语法错误。本句后面出现的 than表明这是一个比较句，应该用形容词 high的比较级 higher，表示“收入比丈夫高的女性做的家务多，这样可以弥补对男性伴侣自尊的威胁”。解析：with with 解析 词汇错误。face 作动词时，表示“面临”，是及物动词，可以直接接宾语，不需要加介词 with,另外可以用作 be
37、faced with，表示“面临”。解析：thea解析 词汇错误。本句是 either.or结构，表示“或者或者”，本句意思是说“要么没有婚姻，要么就是婚后家务不断，受教育的女性命运就该如此吗?”此处的婚姻并非特指某类婚姻或某人的婚姻，而是泛指，所以将定冠词改成不定冠词。解析：movedhad解析 语法错误。本句开头出现的短语 By 1996，即“到 1996年为止”，表示动作从过去某个时间持续到 1996年，因此要用过去完成时，此处需加助动词 had。解析：arisenrisen解析 词汇错误。arisen 是动词 arise的过去分词形式，表示“出现，产生”，此处指“男性对女性教育和智力状
38、况的兴趣已经上升到第四位了”，因此要用动词 rise的过去分词risen，表示“上升”。解析：dependentdependable解析 词汇错误。dependent 表示“依赖的，依靠的”，强调依赖某人或某事，经常和介词 on连用。而此处强调男性对女性品质感兴趣的排名，后面搭配的是 character“性格”一词，应该用 dependable更合适，表示“可以依赖的，可以信赖的”。四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles
39、develop with the input of adequate nutritious 1 food. Otherwise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain 2 our keen mental power and expand our intelligent capacity. 3 Constant learning supplies us inexhaustible fuel for driving us to 4 sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment.
40、Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the time in the 5 information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On contrar
41、y, learning should be a never-ending 6 process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changed 7 so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What“s worse, the animalistic instinct deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, and weakening our wil
42、l to 8 pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success, even killing our desire for the refinement of our characteristic. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the 9 stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally youn
43、ger, we have to take learning as a lifelong 10 career.（分数：25.00）解析：inputintake解析 词汇错误，易混词误用。input，的意思为“投入；输入电路”，intake 的意思为“摄入，吸收”，此处要表达的意思应为“吸收足够的的营养食物”，故应把：input 改为intake。解析：OtherwiseLikewise 或 Similarly解析 语篇错误。otherwise 之前的句子所表达的意思是“我们的身体只有吸收了足够的养分，才能生长发育”，而 otherwise之后的句子所表达的意思是“不断学习，才能保持我们敏锐的心智
44、能力，并扩充我们的智力容量”，这两句之间是类比关系，所以应该用表示“类似地，相似地”这一意义的副词 likewise或 similarly，而不是表示转折意义的 otherwise。解析：intelligentintellectual解析 词汇错误。intelligent 的意思为“聪明的；智能的”，intellectual的意思为“智力的；理智的”，intellectual capacity 是固定用法，意为“智力能力”。解析：inexhaustiblewith解析 词汇错误。supply 一词的基本用法是 supply.with.，意为“为提供”，所以此处应补上与 supply相搭配的介词
45、 with。解析：timetimes解析 词汇错误。此处要表达的意思是“与时代保持同步”，而 time表示“时间”，times才能表示“时代”。解析：contrarythe解析 词汇错误。固定短语 on the contrary(相反地)中的定冠词不能省略。解析：changedchanging解析 语法错误。with 之后的部分是独立主格结构，独立主格结构由“名词+动词分词”构成，而究竟是用现在分词还是过去分词，由名词和动词之间的逻辑关系决定，主动关系用现在分词，被动关系则用过去分词。该句中 world与 change之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词changing。解析：and and 解
46、析 语法错误。此处 weakening是现在分词作整个句子的伴随状语，与下文的sapping.和 killing.并列，故不能用连词 and连接。解析：characteristiccharacter解析 词汇错误。characteristic 意为“特征，特色”，character意为“性格，品质”，此处要表达的意思是“隐藏在我们潜意识下的兽性将苏醒，甚至会抹杀我们净化人格品质的愿望”，所以应该用 character，而不是 characteristic。解析：youngeryoung解析 语篇错误。此处并没有比较的意思，只是表示“保持心理年轻”这一状态，所以不用比较级，而用原级。五、Pass
47、age 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)I have been teaching for longer than I care to say, and always offer a course for entering freshmen. And I“ve discovered something quite elemental: all young people have knowledge-thirsty minds that can be awakened and encouraged to examine the world they inhabit in. 1 So why do
48、 we hear so many professors describe their pupils so hostile to learning? I“ll stipulate the obvious: 2 colleges want good students. Because by that, they 3 generally mean highly SATs and GPAs. Sadly, this 4 expectation continues at college where, as Harvard“s Harvey Mansfield states, professors bel
49、ieve “that what they“re doing the research on is exactly what students 5 need to know. How best to get more students into college and get them thinking? A start would be to abandon the constrictions of academic fields. I know of a class that a 6 professor invites the students to ponder human nature. They cites Alexander Hamilton, who wrote that human 7 beings are “ambitious, vindictive, and rapacious.“ And then Thomas Jefferson, who held that “morality, compassion, and generosity are inna
