1、专业八级-118 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Press Conference The press conference has certain advantages. The first advantage lies with the (1)_ nature of (1)_ the event itself; public officials are supposed to submit to scrutiny by responding to various questions at a
2、 press conference. Secondly, statements previously made at a press conference can be used as a (2)_in judging following statements or policies. (2)_ Moreover, in case of important events, press confer ences are an effective way to break the news to groups of reporters. However, from the point of vie
3、w of (3)_, the (3)_ press conference possesses some disadvantages, mainly in its (4)_and news source. The provider (4)_ virtually determines the manner in which a press conference proceeds. This, sometimes, puts news reporters at a(n) (5)_, as can be seen on live (5)_ broadcasts of news conferences.
4、 Factors in getting valuable information preparation: a need to keep up to date on journalistic subject matter; (6)_ of the news source: (6)_ 1) news sources (7)_to provide information (7)_ 2) news-gathering methods. Conditions under which news reporters cannot trot the information provided by a new
5、s source not knowing the required information; knowing and willing to share the information, but without(8)_skills; (8)_ knowing the information, but unwilling to share; willing to share, but unable to recall. (9) of questions asked (9)_ Ways of improving the questions: no words with double meanings
6、; no long questions; specific time, place, etc. ;(10)_questions; (10)_ clear alternatives, or no alternatives in answers.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).What strikes the woman most about the male robber is his_.（分数：1.00
7、）A.clothesB.ageC.physiqueD.appearance(2).The most detailed information about the woman robber is her（分数：1.00）A.mannersB.talkativenessC.heightD.jewelry(3).The interviewee is believed to be a bank_.（分数：1.00）A.receptionistB.managerC.customerD.cashier(4).Which of the following about the two robbers is N
8、OT true?（分数：1.00）A.Both were wearing dark sweaters.B.Neither was wearing glasses.C.Both were about the same age.D.One of them was marked by a scar.(5).After the incident the interviewee sounded_.（分数：1.00）A.calm and quietB.nervous and numbC.timid and confusedD.shocked and angry三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数
9、：5.00)I Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).A _rise of industrial output had been expected of the second quarter.（分数：1.00）A.8%B.9%C.9.3%D.9.5%(2).According to the n
10、ews item, _was the main driving force for the high rate of industrial output in the second quarter.（分数：1.00）A.robust investmentB.rapid export increaseC.the yuans peg of 8.28 to the dollarD.falling oil demand and lower steel and property prices1.A lowered time limit for abortion was preferred by some
11、 specialists_.（分数：1.00）A.because 98 % abortions were carried out before 20 weeksB.because pregnancy can be diagnosed earlier than beforeC.because survival rates among premature babies have improvedD.because the fetal abnormalities can be diagnosed earlier than be foreI Questions 9 and 10 are based o
12、n the following news. At the end o the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).It was _that released news that Afghans at the U.S. detention facility in Guantanamo Bay were on a hunger strike.（分数：1.00）A.a spokesman of US Defense Departme
13、ntB.Afghan interim governmentC.Amnesty International in LondonD.two released Afghan prisoners(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for hunger strike?（分数：1.00）A.Prisoner abuse and no freedom.B.Wrong accusations and long detention.C.Lack of enough quality drinking water.D.Protest aga
14、inst US military permeation into Arab world.四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BOurs has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working fo
15、r himself. And when fifty years ago “being employed“ meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiting intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two
16、 things have characterized. American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working populationrowing sofast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical impo
17、rtance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be t
18、he mechanists trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to su
19、ccess than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive
20、work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.（分数：4.00）(1).It is implied that fifty years ago_.（分数：1.00）A.eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factoriesB.twenty per cent of American intell
21、ectuals were employeesC.the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workersD.the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers(2).According to the passage, with the development of modem industry,_
22、.（分数：1.00）A.factory laborers will overtake intellectual employees in numberB.there are as many middle-class employees as factory laborersC.employers have attached great importance to factory laborersD.the proportion of factory laborers in the total employee population has decreased(3).According to t
23、he writer, professional knowledge or skill is_.（分数：1.00）A.less important than awareness of being a good employeeB.as important as the ability to deal with public relationsC.more important than employer-employee relationsD.as important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization(4).F
24、rom the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one_.（分数：1.00）A.to be more successful in his careerB.to be more specialized in his fieldC.to solve technical problemsD.to develop his professional skillBTEXT B/BWhen imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exists in
25、 any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planet where life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they m
26、ay multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not.Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in a more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong
27、sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individual lives. But mans societies are already sufficiently developed to have enormously more power and effectivenessthan the individuals have.It is not likely that this transitional situation will cont
28、inue very long on the evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand years from now mans societies may have become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism and the inorganic parts (mach
29、ines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and nerve cells that set them in motion.The explorers of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has r
30、eached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units.The units may be “secondary“-machines created millions of years ago by a previous form of life and given the will and ability to survi
31、ve and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar car bon cycle.
32、Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants from a favored planet.（分数：4.00）(1).Humans on Earth today are characterized by_.（分数：1.00）A.their existence as free and separate beingsB.their ca
33、pability of living under favorable conditionsC.their great power and effectivenessD.their strong desire for living in a close-knit society(2).According to this passage, some people believe that eventually_.（分数：1.00）A.human societies will be much more cooperativeB.man will live in a highly organized
34、worldC.machines will replace manD.living beings will disappear from Earth(3).Even most imaginative people have to admit that（分数：1.00）A.human societies are as advanced as those on some other planetsB.planets other than Earth are not suitable for life like ours to stayC.it is difficult to distinguish
35、between organic pa/ts and inorganic parts of the humm, bodyD.organisms are more creative than machines(4).It seems that the writer（分数：1.00）A.is interested in the imaginary life formsB.is eager to find a different form of lifeC.is certain of the existence of a new life formD.is critical of the imagin
36、ative peopleBTEXT C/BGreenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, althoug
37、h more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of greenspaees in the urban environment is a first step on the fight way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of greenspace in
38、towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject i shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely tile recreative function of greenspace facilities.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recrea
39、tion which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recretative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We
40、have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has t
41、o offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to
42、play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shop ping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the author, the i
43、mportance of greenspaces in the urban environment_.（分数：1.00）A.is still unknownB.is being closely studiedC.is usually neglectedD.has been fully recognized(2).The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to_.（分数：1.00）A.the disproportion of recreation facilities in the
44、neighbourhoodB.the location of recreation facilities far from homeC.relatively little attention for recreative possibilitiesD.the improvement of recreative possibilities in the neighbourhood(3).The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of greenspace should be provided_.（分数：1.00）A.in spec
45、ial areasB.in the suburbsC.in the neighbourhood of the houseD.in gardens and parks(4).The main idea of this passage is that _.（分数：1.00）A.better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our lifeB.attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilit
46、iesC.the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years agoD.priority must be given to the development of obligatory activitiesBTEXT D/BImagine eating everything delicious you want-with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldnt it?New “fake fat“ products appeare
47、d on store shelve in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new. eliminate can rob the body of essential vitamins and n
48、utrients and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So its up to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.Chemists discovered olestra in tile late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired Fat, the researchers created a fat that cant be digested at all.Normally, special chemicals in the intestines “grab“ molecules of regu
