1、专业八级-102 (1)及答案解析(总分：101.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLE While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a
2、 gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking.Now listen to the mini-lecture.BLeaving Home/BGenerally, most people have in their minds a picture of their “ideal home“, but if you are students or people just beginning work, the practical limitations
3、 of money and location may prevent them from finding this ideal home.Serveral ideas for you to follow:I. To stay at home for a while when leaving school:1) many advantages while staying at home;2) depending much on how you (1)_your family. (1) _II. To stay in your home area by renting a house or a f
4、lat:1) cannot inviting your (2)_to visit you freely; (2) _2) would be rather unhappy ifnotgeting on well with your (3)._ (3) _III. To ask (4)_on campus for help in finding houses: (4) _1) difficult in some areas because of a (5)_ student population; (5) _2) many (6)_not willing to rent rooms to stud
5、ents. (6) _IV. To share (7)_with some other students: (7) _1) very cheap rent;2) no old people watching over;3) and the housework shared with room-mates;4) causing problems if having (8)_ characters. (8) _V .To try a bed-sitterone mom that you use as a bedroom andsitting room (9)_: (9) _1) not very
6、expensive rent;2) easy to keep clean and cheap and to heat;3) simple to make it feel like a real home;4) may be always (10)_if cooking; (10) _5) might be hanging your wet clothes all round the room;6) can be very lonely at first.（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
7、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with a chief-editor. At the end
8、of the interview you will be givenl O seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).According to Nick, what is the most dangerous notion in the world?（分数：1.00）A.Predominance.B.Local characteristics and customs.C.Individual identity.D.Potential dividing fo
9、rces.(3).What is Nicks opinions about teaching?（分数：1.00）A.He thinks that teaching doesnt help the artistic side.B.He believes that teaching keeps him energetic.C.Teaching shouldnt be totally isolated from politics.D.Teaching frustrates him so many times.(4).What is Nicks philosophy of teaching?（分数：1
10、.00）A.The students must be the followers of their teacher.B.He should work hard to make students believe in their own abilities.C.Pleasing students is the most necessary factor.D.Teacher should have a decisive effect on the personalities of students.(5).Which one is Nicks idea about the leader?（分数：1
11、.00）A.Everyone has the access to leadership.B.Leaders create the worst work situation.C.Books can help to improve people ability and make someone a leader.D.The real leaders are born.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：6.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the
12、 questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.（分数：2.00）(1). Question 6 is based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 7 and 8 are based on
13、the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given JO seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).According to the news, who claimed responsibility for the rocket attack?（分数：1.00）A.A 36-year-old Israeli man.B.Palestinian militants.C.Israels offensive.D.Ha
14、mas(2).50 Palestinians or so have been killed in the raids which began _ ago.（分数：1.00）A.12 weeksB.12 daysC.2 weeksD.2 daysQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Who
15、 gathered in a Rome square Saturday for the Family Day rally?（分数：1.00）A.Married couples.B.Demonstrators.C.Children.D.Family associations.(2).According to the news, Italy would be more _ if it gave rights to unmarried and gay couples.（分数：1.00）A.openB.developedC.democraticD.civilized四、BPART READING (总
16、题数：9，分数：20.00)In this section there are several reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.BTEXT A/BResearchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers eviden
17、ce that education protects the mind from the brains physical deterioration.It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more br
18、ain shrinkage.“That may seem like bad news,“ said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functi
19、oning begins to break downThe study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the “reserve“ hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have
20、 greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare.Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of
21、 cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.“Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,“ Coffey said. “People lose (on average) 2.5 percent per decade starting at adulthood.“There is, however, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no signs no men
22、tal decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, e
23、ducation level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerehrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the great
24、er the cortical shrinkage.Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid arou
25、nd the brain.For example, Coffeys team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling.Of course, achieving a particular education level
26、is not the definitive measure of someones mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be “a proxy for many things“. More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health.But Coffey said that his teams findings suggest that like the body,
27、 the brain benefits from exercise. “The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage),“ he said. “My hunch is that we can.“According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing them- selves to new
28、experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles.“A hot topic down the road,“ Coffey said, will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline.Just how education might affect brain cells is
29、unknown. In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.（分数：4.00）(1).According to this passage, all of the following factors could account for brain shrinkage except
30、_.（分数：1.00）A.ageB.educationC.healthD.exercise(2).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：1.00）A.The brain of an adult person shrinks 2.5% every 10 years.B.The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 8 years of education may have increased 17.7 milliliters.C.The cerebrospinal fluid of a person wit
31、h 16 years of education may increase by 10%.D.The brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years.(3).According to Coffeys research, the brain may benefit from_.（分数：1.00）A.runningB.playing chessC.swimmingD.playing football(4).From this passage, we can conclude that_.（分数：1.00）A.education is benefic
32、ial to mental developmentB.education protects the braid from shrinkingC.education has a protective effect against mental declineD.education affects overall brain structures1.BTEXT B/BChildren in the UK are not reading enough at home, favouring television and computer games instead, according to new
33、research.The survey conducted earlier this month by Nesfl6 Box Tops for Books, which asked parents about their childrens reading habits, found that half of UK children spend less than two hours reading per week. A further one in 10 had not read a book in the past month, and of those who do read regu
34、larly, one in four avoid non-fiction titles. More than half of the parents surveyed believed their children should read more non-fiction books.“It is essential that young children read at least one book a week and, in particular, educational books,“ said family counsellor Jenni Trent Hughes.But othe
35、rs believe such a stern approach to reading may not help children. “We can turn children off it by simply saying its something they must be doing,“ said Amelia Foster, who runs Reading Connects for the National Literacy Trust, an organisation that encourages reading for pleasure to enhance classroom
36、 achievement.Ms Foster said the survey results might not give children enough credit. Previous studies have found that 75% of 11 to 18-year-olds enjoyed reading, and 83% read in their spare time.Past reading surveys have found distinct differences in the reading habits of boys and girls. Girls tend
37、to be more enthusiastic about reading in general, but particularly fiction (perhaps helping to explain why Jaequeline Wilson, author of Sleepovers and Bad Girls, is the most borrowed author from public libraries), while boys are drawn to books about a place, subject, or hobby that interests them.Nic
38、ola Davies, author of Poo: A Natural History of the Unmentionable, said while working with underachieving boys she found they responded to non-fiction better than fiction. “You can get them to write poetry but they won t read it,“ she said.Ms Davies would like to see childrens non-fiction take off i
39、n the way adult non-fiction has in recent years, thanks largely to rifles like Longitude that employ strong narratives. This may encourage boys to read more, she said.“Theres a lot of really crap non-fiction out there. Its absolute paint by numbers, pile them high, and sell them cheap. But its not r
40、eally addressing the issue. Non-fiction as it is cutting off a whole route into reading, especially for boys,“ added Ms Davies.But the consequences of these trends may run deeper. Some worry that steering clear of non-fiction may effect the development of a childs imagination, even going so far as t
41、o impact their future career choices.Nicola Jones credits her choice of studying zoology at university to her childhood Encyclopedia Britannica. “There was this fantastic bit in the back on transparencies of human bodies, and it absolutely fired my imagination about the workings of the human body. C
42、hildrens imagination needs all sorts of fuel. And thats whats going to drive them, give them intrinsic motivation. Its what makes your intellectual cars go.“ For this reason Ms Jones is planning a conference next year that will address how non-fiction can be transformed into something more children
43、will want to read._BTEXT B/BChildren in the UK are not reading enough at home, favouring television and computer games instead, according to new research.The survey conducted earlier this month by Nesfl6 Box Tops for Books, which asked parents about their childrens reading habits, found that half of
44、 UK children spend less than two hours reading per week. A further one in 10 had not read a book in the past month, and of those who do read regularly, one in four avoid non-fiction titles. More than half of the parents surveyed believed their children should read more non-fiction books.“It is essen
45、tial that young children read at least one book a week and, in particular, educational books,“ said family counsellor Jenni Trent Hughes.But others believe such a stern approach to reading may not help children. “We can turn children off it by simply saying its something they must be doing,“ said Am
46、elia Foster, who runs Reading Connects for the National Literacy Trust, an organisation that encourages reading for pleasure to enhance classroom achievement.Ms Foster said the survey results might not give children enough credit. Previous studies have found that 75% of 11 to 18-year-olds enjoyed re
47、ading, and 83% read in their spare time.Past reading surveys have found distinct differences in the reading habits of boys and girls. Girls tend to be more enthusiastic about reading in general, but particularly fiction (perhaps helping to explain why Jaequeline Wilson, author of Sleepovers and Bad
48、Girls, is the most borrowed author from public libraries), while boys are drawn to books about a place, subject, or hobby that interests them.Nicola Davies, author of Poo: A Natural History of the Unmentionable, said while working with underachieving boys she found they responded to non-fiction better than fiction. “You can get them to write poetry but they won t read it,“ she said.Ms Davies would like to see child
