1、专业八级-100 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling t
2、ask after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Now listen to the mini-lecture. Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps b
3、elow require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.B On the Origin of Body Language/BThe Origin of Body Language has a lot to do with the emotions. Theemotions are a hot topic of the 1990s. As
4、 we all know, social relationships are lubricated, glued together and (1)_ by the emotions. 1._But how to express or develop emotions efficiently? Lets turn to CharlesDarwins 1872 classic The Expression of the Emotions for answer.According to Darwin, emotions are expressed not (2)_but 2. _in body la
5、nguage. Darwin summed up three principles governing emotional expression.The first one refers to some emotions that are expressed in a way that iposturally appropriate for the related (3)_. Darwin called these 3. _expressions “serviceable associated habits,“ and they are the easiest tounderstand. Hi
6、s second principle is (4)_, which refers to some 4. _emotions that appear to be expressed by a (5)_opposite to that 5._of the opposite emotion, this third principle, which has never found many supporters, is called the direct action of the (6)_system trod it 6. _is used to explain, for instance, tre
7、mbling as an expression of fear.Even before Darwin, some social and political theorists of the 18thcentury already held the general idea that emotional expression is unique to (7)_. They supposed that the Creator had installed blushing 7. _in humans to (8)_antisocial behavior and make social life po
8、ssible. 8._Darwins original intention to write the book is to demonstrate the continuity of emotional expression between humans and many other (9)_. But as his project grew it took on new dimensions, and 9._he finally finished his book that was (10)_around his three 10._principles of emotional expre
9、ssion but not the question of evolutionarycontinuity.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to
10、 each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with Professor Nedelmanne. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).This interview is mainly about_.（分数：1.00
11、）A.drug prohibitionB.drug traffickingC.drug legalizationD.drug effects(2).What is Professor Nadelmamnnes attitudes towards drugs?（分数：1.00）A.He is strongly against using drugs.B.He is in favor of using drugs.C.He is strongly against drug legalization.D.He is in favor of drug legalization.(3).Why does
12、nt Professor Nadehnanne agree that tobacco companies or pharmaceutical companies will come to dominate drug business?（分数：1.00）A.They will make drugs too expensive to be afforded.B.They will not raise the price so high in case it should encourage a black market.C.They will not make an effort to preve
13、nt it from having it sold to children.D.The federal tax on tobacco will be doubled or tripled.(4).According to the professor, at present what kinds of drugs should not be legalized?（分数：1.00）A.15% cocaine.B.Marijuana.C.60% cocaine.D.PCP.(5).According to the professor, the best way to solve the proble
14、m of abusing drugs is to_.（分数：1.00）A.throw them in jailB.integrate it into our cultureC.ban manufacturing mind-alerting substances at homeD.educate people how to use drugs safely三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be g
15、iven 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).The Russian Military says it will_.（分数：1.00）A.derail the shaky peace processB.kill 18 government soldiersC.retaliate for Chechen rebel ambushD.leave the southern area of Vidinor(2).The incident began when Russian
16、 armored car collided with _.（分数：1.00）A.a Chechen rebel ambushB.Russian soldiersC.Russian service menD.a civilian vehicleQuestions 7 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1)
17、.Former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi has called on current Prime Minister to_.（分数：1.00）A.debate a non-confidence motion in his governmentB.resignC.introduce the no confidence measureD.clear the political air(2).He said Mr. Dinis nine-month long government of technocrats_.（分数：1.00）A.had f
18、ailed to bring economic stability to ItalyB.called again for early general electionsC.ruled out resigning before the motion comes to the voteD.introduced the no confidence measure1.In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark th
19、e correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheetQuestion 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.When did another bomb explode?（分数：1.00）A.On Friday.B.A few hours later.C.During the meetin
20、g.D.When the first bomb was found.四、BPART READING (总题数：6，分数：20.00)In this section there are six reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.BTEXT A/BThe prevention of illness through exercise and nut
21、rition was a small step from movements like hydropathy (which advocated the “natural“ healing powers of water), to the idea that fresh air, healthy food, and exercise could be beneficial. The physical fitness movement in America followed the influx of a large number of German immigrants who fled the
22、ir country due to the 1848 revolution. The movement began there with Fredrich Ludwig Jahn, who unified exercise and sport with German history and tradition and saw a connection between mental and physical health. Charles Follen, a Jahn student, led the movement in America, organizing the Round Hill
23、School at Harvard, which stressed rigorous mental and physical exercise. In the mid-west, the Germans established their first gymnastic institution called the Turnverein in Cincinnati in 1848. Later called the Turners, these groups developed nationally and organized outings of picnics, games, gymnas
24、tics, and celebrations of German culture.Catherine Beecher promoted physical fitness for women, and felt that corsets not only made such exercise impossible, but actually deformed womens bodies, and could even be passed on to future generations and degrade the race. She was also an advocate of impro
25、ving nutrition, and an early opponent of gluttony, believing condiments on food stimulated the appetite towards excess. Others championed vegetarianism, or saw lack of sunshine as a cause of stomach discomfort. Regardless of their particular bent, all of the food reformers had a common philosophy: h
26、ad eating habits led to social disorder. Like physical fitness proponents, they saw a connection between reshaping the body and reshaping American society to improve the individual and the country.The physical fitness movement declined in the years preceding the Civil War, then revived, as Americans
27、 became city dwellers and took sedentary jobs. Advocates promoted “Muscular Christianity“, a movement begun in England, which stressed that the best and most moral Christians were those with sound bodies. Indian clubs became a favorite exercise tool with entire books written for club exercises. Team
28、 sports became popular after 1865, reflecting Americas growing urbanization. The most popular was baseball, and in 1879 the Cincinnati Red Stockings became the countrys first professional team. By the 1900s, Luther Gulick transformed the Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA) into the epitome of “M
29、uscular Christianity“. It became the largest organization of urban gymnasiums and fitness centers in America.（分数：3.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：1.00）A.The prevention of illness through exercise and nutrition.B.The German and Christian influences on nutrition and physical fitness.C
30、.Development of the physical fitness movement.D.The nutrition and physical fitness movements.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that the Turnverein were_.（分数：1.00）A.later named Turners because it was too difficult to pronounceB.successful in mid-westC.limited to GermansD.not popular with many n
31、on-Germans because they celebrated German culture(3).Why did the physical fitness movement revive after the Civil Ware_.（分数：1.00）A.Because people returned to their usual occupations.B.Because “Muscular Christianity“ became popular.C.Because of urbanization.D.Because of physical injuries caused by th
32、e war.BTEXT B/BWhen the City Free Delivery Service began in America, all the letter carriers needed were their leather satchels. But, as the service continued into the 20th century, cities, populations, and commerce exploded. And before long, carders mailbags were stuffed to the brim, and the carder
33、s overwhelmed by the volume. Carders needed a vehicle that could get them to their routes and carry the days mail, including parcel post packages, without relays back to the post office. The introduction of the Parcel Post Service in 1913 had brought millions of packages into the mail stream for the
34、 first time. After World War 1I, the amount of mail delivered to American homes each day increased so dramatically that letter carders could no longer rely solely on pouches and handcarts to carry mail on their daily rounds.In the late 1950s, the Post Office Department began supplying carriers with
35、three-wheeled mail vans. Known as mailsters, these tiny vans were efficient in carrying mail but uncomfortable and dangerous. Mailsters offered little protection against cold or damp weather, little traction in good weather, and often no traction in snow, and poor reliability, for they were constant
36、ly breaking down. Letter carriers were not impressed by their new vehicles, which they considered too dangerous, too flimsy, too small, too underpowered, too prone to breaking down, too impractical and too top heavy. A common complaint was that mailsters were unable to compete on the open road. They
37、 simply lacked sufficient “get up and go“. This frequently resulted in back-ups, with cars lined up for blocks behind the creeping three-wheelers. The tricycle design left mailsters susceptible to tipping over if cornering over 25 mph or if caught in a high wind. One mailster was even tipped over by
38、 a large dog.The first large-scale purchase of these vehicles for letter carriers use was in the 1950s. These funny-looking trucks could carry up to 500 pounds of mail. By the 1960s, mailsters comprised almost one-third of the postal services vehicular fleet. While the idea behind mailstets was soli
39、d, the vans were not, and from the 1950s, Jeeps increasingly became a vital part of the Postal Service fleet because they were strong and agile.（分数：3.00）(1).What is the title of this passage?（分数：1.00）A.From Satchels to Mailsters.B.Too Much Mail.C.Mailster Mishaps.D.Motorizing the Mail.(2).It can be
40、inferred that even though the mailsters were small, uncomfortable, and dangerous, they could_.（分数：1.00）A.eliminate the need for relaysB.carry handcarts and pouches as wellC.be more protection than an umbrellaD.reduce wear on shoes(3).According to the passage, mailsters were likely to tip over becaus
41、e_.（分数：1.00）A.even large dogs could cause this to happenB.they had 3 wheelsC.the mail could shift in the van when cornering over 25 mphD.of cars lined up behind themBTEXT C/BSupernovae are massive exploding giant stars. A supernova is known as one of the most energetic explosive events. When the exp
42、losion occurs, the resulting illumination can be as bright as an entire galaxy. It occurs at the end of a stars lifetime, when its nuclear fuel is exhausted and it is no longer supported by the release of nuclear energy. This will cause a blast wave that ejects the stars envelope into interstellar s
43、pace. The result of the collapse may be, in some cases, a rapidly rotating neutron star that can be observed many years later as a radio pulsar. As a result of gravitational forces acting against the nuclear structure of the core of a fuel depleted star, tremendous shock waves are generated, which c
44、auses the outside layers of the star to be blown away from the core.Gravitational forces condensing hydrogen gas raises the temperature at the center of the star to the point where nuclear fusion is initiated. Hydrogen is fused into helium and energy is given off in the process. As more helium accum
45、ulates at the center, the temperature rises due to compression until another nuclear fusion is initiated. This time helium is converted into carbon and oxygen and additional energy is given off during the nuclear fusion.A similar process continues with carbon and oxygen fusing to neon, magnesium and
46、 oxygen. These elements then undergo another fusion process as the temperature and pressure increase to produce silicon and sulfur. The latter two elements then fuse into iron.During each nuclear fusion, energy is given off. However, nuclear fusion stops at iron because energy is no longer produced
47、by fusion. The iron core collapses very quickly ( within hours or less). Since the iron core can collapse only so far and can no longer undergo fusion, it becomes extremely hot and now begins to expand rapidly. The expanding iron and the collapsing outer gases collide with each other producing treme
48、ndous shock waves which blow the outer layers away from the cure, thus causing the supernovas gigantic explosion.（分数：3.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：1.00）A.Nuclear fusion in supernovae.B.Defining a supernova.C.The process of the death of stars.D.Gravitational force and its effects on supernovae.(2).The author mentions that tile nuclear fusion is a result of_.（分数：1.00）A.hydrogen fusing into heliumB.hydrogen and helium becoming hotC.helium changing to carbon and oxygenD
