1、职称英语综合类 C级-54 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The nursery is Ubright/U and cheerful. A. pleasant B. clean C. peaceful D. large（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.This kind of material was Useldom/U used in building houses during the Middle Ages. A. never B. rarely C. often D. only（分数：1.0
2、0）A.B.C.D.3.People from many places were Udrawn/U to the city by its growing economy. A. fetched B. carried C. attracted D. pushed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The soldier Udisplayed/U remarkable courage in the battle. A. placed B. showed C. pointed D. decided（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.How do you Uaccount for/U your a
3、bsence from the class last Thursday? A. explain B. examine C. choose D. expand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.About one Uquarter/U of the workers in the country are employed in factories. A. third B. fourth C. tenth D. fifteenth（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.She was Ugrateful/U to him for being so good to her. A. careful B.
4、 hateful C. beautiful D. thankful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.There are only five minutes left, but the Uoutcome/U of the match is still in doubt. A. result B. judgement C. estimation D. event（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.He is Ucertain/U that the dictionary is just what I want. A. sure B. angry C. doubtful “ D. worried
5、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The Ulast/U few weeks have been enjoyable. A. close B. near C. past D. several（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.What were the Uconsequences/U of the decision she had made? A. reasons B. results C. causes D. bases（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.They didnt Urealize/U how serious the problem was. A. know B.
6、forget C. doubt D. remember（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.We shall keep the money in a Usecure/U place. A. clean B. secret C. distant D. safe（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The great changes of the city Uastonished/U every visitor to that city. A. attacked B. surprised C. attracted D. interested（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The cit
7、y has decided to Udo away with/U all the old buildings in its centre. A. get rid of B. set up C. repair D. paint（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Industrial Age and EmploymentThe industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form o
8、f jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant e
9、conomic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and rem
10、oved work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women
11、 at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assu
12、me this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excludeda problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more reti
13、red people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.（分数：7.00）(1).The establish
14、ed work patterns may be changed with the closing of the industrial age. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Universal employment has brought about economic freedom. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Many people depended on the land for a living before the 17th
15、 century. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Improved transport enabled people to travel longer distances to their work places. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Employed women of equal qualifications are paid less than men. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
16、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A large number of teenagers will quit school next year. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Now is the time to handle the issue of employment in a practical manner. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Searching f
17、or Smiles1. Ask most people anywhere in the world what they want out of life and the reply will probably be: “To be happy.“ Ed Deiner, an American psychology professor, has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy, comparing levels of happiness between cultures and trying t
18、o find out exactly why we enjoy ourselves.2. Many people would say that this question does not need an answer. But Professor Deiner has one anyway. “If youre a cheerful, happy person, your marriage is more likely to last, and youre more likely to make money and be successful at your job. On average,
19、 happy people have stronger immune (免疫的) systems, and there is some evidence that they live longer.“3. So who are the worlds happiest people? It depends on how the word is defined. There is individual happiness, the sense of joy we get when we do something we like. But there is also the feeling of s
20、atisfaction we get when we know that others respect us and approve of how we behave. According to Professor Deiner, the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.4. “In the West, the individualistic (个人主义的) culture means that your mood matters much more than i
21、t does in the East. People ask themselves, what can I do thats fun or interesting? They become unhappy when they cant do any of these things. If you ask people from Japan or China if they are happy, they tend to look at what has gone wrong in their lives. If not much has gone wrong, then they are sa
22、tisfied.“5. People from Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries had the happiest culture, Professor Deiner found. “The biggest cultural difference is to do with pride and shame. Hispanic (西班牙语言的) cultures report much more pride and much less shame than others.“6. Income also made a big difference
23、 to peoples happiness, but only at the lowest levels. Average income earners in the US were much happier than people in poverty. But millionaires were only a little bit happier than people on average incomes. It seems that money makes us happy when we have enough to feel secure.7. But can we be too
24、happy? “You get people who are actually happy, but they think happiness is so important that they try to be even happier. This desire to be always happy is a product of individualism, where the emphasis is on you individually, your emotions and feeling good. People can end up feeling unhappy because
25、 ordinary happiness is not good enough for them. “A. Happiest CultureB. An Unhappy PersonC. Definition of HappinessD. Cultural Differences in HappinessE. Reasons to Be HappyF. Individual and Ordinary Happiness（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4
26、_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. a question B. ordinary happiness C. individualism D. cultural differences E. much F. illnesses Professor Deiner has spent many years studying _ in happiness.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Professor Deiner believes that a happy person is less prone (易患) t
27、o（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Once we have got enough to feel safe, money does not make _ difference to our happiness.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).According to Professor Deiner, some people feel unhappy because they cannot appreciate _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sleep Necess
28、ary for MemoriesBurning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to he taken back into the brain. A good nights sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a required condit
29、ion of having good recall in the weeks ahead, scientists have found.The research, published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience, showed that it was the act of sleep, rather than the simple passage of time, that was critical for long-term memory formation.“We think that getting that first ni
30、ghts sleep starts the process of memory consolidation (巩固),“ said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the latest study.“It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them down. My suspicion is that sleep is one of those thing
31、s that does the nailing down,“ Professor Stickgold said.With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it affects their daily activities, the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effectserious memory impairment (损害).Volunteers in an experiment
32、 found it easier to remember a memory task if they were allowed to sleep that night. But for those kept awake, no amount of subsequent sleep made up for the initial loss.Professor Stickgolds team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal (斜线形的) bars flashed for a sixtieth of a se
33、cond on a computer screen full of horizontal (水平的) stripes.Half of the subjects were kept awake that night, while the others slept. Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers.Those who slept the first night wer
34、e significantly and consistently better at remembering the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of catch-up sleep.（分数：15.00）(1).The research published in Nature Neuroscience showed that what was essential to the formation of long-term memory was _. A. intelli
35、gence B. time C. food D. sleep（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements about the research is NOT true? A. It was done within 30 hours. B. It was headed by Professor Stickgold. C. It focused on long-term memory formation. D. There were altogether 24 subjects in the experiment.（分数：3.00）A
36、.B.C.D.(3).Stickgolds research focused on the side effect produced by _. A. memory impairment B. lack of sleep C. low work efficiency D. memory recall（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In Stickgolds experiment, those who were kept awake on the first night _. A. could very well remember the direction of the diagon
37、al bars B. didnt do any better after two nights sleep C. were as tired as those who were not D. could recall the direction of more bars than those who were not（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Those who slept the first night _. A. couldnt remember the task B. could not sleep the second and third nights C. perfor
38、med slightly better than those who did not D. did much better than those who did not（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Cherokee NationLong before the white man came to America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeaste
39、rn part of the United States.After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing were to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each w
40、ord he drew a picture. But that proved impossiblethere were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using his own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Chero
41、kees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to
42、them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint (在枪品的威胁下) into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their bel
43、ongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arriv
44、ed in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.（分数：15.00）(1).The Cherokees used to live _. A. by the roadside B. in the southeastern part of the US C. beyond the Mississippi River D. in the western territory（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following sta
45、tements about Sequoyah is NOT true? A. He was imaginative. B. He was an Indian. C. He was a white man. D. He wrote down the spoken Cherokee language.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A law was passed in 1830 to _. A. allow the Cherokees to stay where they were B. stop the Cherokees using their own language C. fo
46、rce the Cherokees to move westward D. forbid the Cherokees to print their own newspaper（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The Cherokees went to their new lands _. A. in carts B. on horseback C. on foot D. all of the above（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “exhausted“ in the last paragraph could be best replaced by _.
47、A. worn out B. ended up C. run out D. finished up（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)KnittingMy mother knew how to knit (纺织), but she never taught me. She assumed, as did many women of her generation, that knitting was no longer a skill worth passing down from mother to daughter. A combination of feminism (女权主义) and consumerism (消费主义) made many women feel that such homely accomplishments were now out of date. My grandmother still knitted, though, and every Christmas she made a pair of socks for my brother and me, of red wool (毛线). They were t
