1、职称英语综合类 C级-37 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The Moon and most artificial satellites travel around the Earth in elliptical paths.（分数：1.00）A.wavesB.orbitsC.voyagesD.flights2.The anhinga is a black water bird that frequents the perimeters of the everglades.（分数：1.00）A.watersB
2、.swampsC.forestsD.edges3.Through her portrayal of eight college-educated women in the book, The Group, author Mary McCarthy criticizes an entire period.（分数：1.00）A.ageB.nationC.social classD.system of education4.Throughout most of their lives. human beings perpetually learn and increase their mental
3、capacities.（分数：1.00）A.actuallyB.readilyC.finallyD.constantly5.Julia Margaret Cameron was among the pioneers in a new kind of portrait photographythe close-up.（分数：1.00）A.originators ofB.champions inC.experts inD.publishers of6.In the book Autobiography of Values, the aviation hero Charles Lindbergh r
4、eveals his paradoxical and often sobering thoughts on life.（分数：1.00）A.contradictoryB.poignantC.mysticD.paramount7.Although research has shown that asparagus does contain many important nutrients, it is not, as it was once regarded, a panacea.（分数：1.00）A.an anomalyB.a delicacyC.a life-formD.a cure-all
5、8.The French and Indian War of 1756-1763 pitted Britain, her American colonists, and her Indian allies against France, her Canadian colonists, and her Indian allies.（分数：1.00）A.armedB.pivotedC.setD.took9.California, the first city on the American continent, reached its peak of development and power a
6、bout AD 1100.（分数：1.00）A.summitB.tipC.heightD.apex10.A seed planted in the sensitive lining of an oyster begins a perpetual coating process that forms a pearl.（分数：1.00）A.totalB.annualC.continualD.habitual11.The American antelope possesses remarkable powers of sight and can pinpoint potential danger a
7、t tremendous distances.（分数：1.00）A.spotB.relayC.attachD.sustain12.Numerous parallels exist between Ernest Hemingways life and the lives of his characters.（分数：1.00）A.studiesB.problemsC.similaritiesD.biases13.The history of the exploration of Antarctica recounts many tales of perseverance and suffering
8、.（分数：1.00）A.enduranceB.skillC.generosityD.disturbance14.According to some biologists, the instinct to care for the young is perhaps the most interesting characteristic of animals.（分数：1.00）A.actuallyB.surprisinglyC.seldomD.possibly15.By 1929, two years after the start of the “talkies“, motion picture
9、 theaters in the United States were attracting 100 million patrons every week.（分数：1.00）A.ownersB.actorsC.customersD.critics二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Too Polite for WordsA Japanese colleague the other day was talking about a meeting with a man whom she abruptly described using the English word “jerk
10、“. I thought she was toning down her Japanese for my benefit, so I asked her how to say “jerk“ in Japanese. “Theres no such word, “she answered helplessly. “We have to use jerk“. Heaven knows its not as if there are no jerks in Japan. But the Japanese language is just not made for sniping at people.
11、 At first, I thought maybe my Japanese teachers had been too polite to teach me the real lingo, so I watched to see what Japanese drivers would say to each other after a car accident. It turned out that they say: “Im sorry. “Gradually I came to realize that there is perhaps no language so ill suited
12、 to invective as Japanese. Linguistically, these guys are wimps. Take the vicious Japanese insult “kisama, “which is deeply offensive. It means: “your honorable self. “Thats right. Instead of using all kinds of dirty words, the Japanese insult each other by frowning and growling: “Your honorable sel
13、f. “Likewise, a nasty expression for a woman is “ama, “ another term not to try with the nice woman at the sushi restaurant. But literally it means “nun“. Sure, sarcasm may be intended, but still most women would probably prefer to be characterized as a nun than as a female dog. Since people are lea
14、st inhibited when they are shaking their fists at each other, insults offer a window into a culture. Ive been interested in such terms ever since I arrived in Cairo a dozen years ago to study Arabic and discovered that my name was a curse. “Nick“ sounds very much like the imperative of an extremely
15、vulgar verb for sex. I would introduce myself in Arabic, and my new acquaintance would flee in horror. Theres no such danger in Japanese. There are explicit terms for sex and for body parts, crude as well as clinical, but they are descriptive rather than insulting. There is one exception. One of the
16、 meanest things one Japanese child can say to another is: “Omaeno kaachan debeso. “That means. “Your moms belly button sticks out. “This has no deep Freudian meaning; it simply means that your mother is rude and ugly.（分数：7.00）(1).The Japanese woman used the English word “jerk“ so as to make it easie
17、r for me to understand her.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The Japanese people cannot fully demonstrate their anger because their language is not suitable for sniping at people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).From the linguistic perspective, Japanese drivers are cowards.（分数：1.00）
18、A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The Japanese insult each other by showing their respect in an ironic way.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).People in other languages may insult a woman with an expression meaning, literally, “a female dog“.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The word “N
19、ick“ in the Arabic language is a curse.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).“Omaeno kaachan debeso“ is different from other nasty expressions in Japanese in that it is insulting both in its literal meaning and in its practical use.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数
20、：8.00)Air Transportation1 Airplanes are used to carry passengers, cargo and mail. Air transport companies operate scheduled airlines and non-scheduled services over local, regional, national, and international routes. The aircraft operated by these companies range from small single-engine planes to
21、large multiengine jet transports. 2 The first air passenger services began in 1910, when dirigibles began operation between several German cities. The first scheduled airplane service to carry passengers began in the U. S. in 1914. Several experimental airmail flights took place in India. Europe, an
22、d the United States before World War , but air transport services did not become a true business until after the war. 3 During World War Two, intercontinental air transport became firmly established. After the war the new long-distance transports with advanced facilities were increasingly able to av
23、oid storms and strong wind and make flights more economical and consistent. A new generation o “jumbo-jet“ transports began operations in 1970, and the supersonic transport entered passenger service in 1976. 4 During the 1970s the number of domestic passengers on U. S. airlines increased about 78% ,
24、 and during the 1980s the figure was up about 58%. In 1990 there were 41. 8 million international passengers, the figure was a 75% increase over 1980. The total cargo flown by U. S. airlines almost doubled during the 1980s, from 5. 7 billion to 10. 6 billion ton-miles in 1990. 5 Major airports provi
25、de a wide range of facilities for the convenience of millions of travellers. These range from such basic services as ticket-sales counters and restaurants to luxury hotels, shopping centres and play areas for children. International airports must also have customs areas and currency-exchange counter
26、s and so on. AAirport services BTraining of pilots CBeginning period DRapid growth in the U. S. EDevelopment FCompetition（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ Ain the development of air transp
27、ortation Bthe earliest passenger flights were successfully operated Cto make travel easy and pleasant for the passengers Dto provide different services Ethe shortage of qualified pilots Ftravelling by air was very cheap（分数：4.00）(1).Air transport companies use different planes 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).T
28、he United States was the country where 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The forty years from the 1930s to the 1970s was an important period 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Nowadays airports provide all kinds of services 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Telling Tales about PeopleOne of th
29、e most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about peoples lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography. An autobiography is the story of a persons life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the p
30、ersons earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have wri
31、tten autobiographies of other writers, such as James Joyce, have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies, but they are very close to it. Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life
32、of the author 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently, though, the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeable with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world. B
33、iographies are factual accounts of someone elses life. In many senses, these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Th
34、en they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person, not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair, well-presented biography may take years to research and write.（分数：15.00）(1).This passage is mostly about _.（分数：3.00）A.famous autobiographie
35、sB.differences between autobiographies and memoirsC.the characteristics of autobiographies, memoirs, and biographiesD.why biography can be difficult to write(2).Helen Keller wrote _.（分数：3.00）A.a work of fictionB.a biographyC.a memoirD.an autobiography(3).Autobiography writers are not always objectiv
36、e because they _.（分数：3.00）A.feel they have to make up details to make their books sellB.want to present themselves in a good lightC.constantly compete with biography writersD.have trouble remembering the good times(4).The writer introduces each category in the passage by _.（分数：3.00）A.telling when pe
37、ople first began writing itB.giving an exampleC.defining itD.explaining why it is hard to write(5).Diverse means _.（分数：3.00）A.able to swim in deep waterB.varied or differentC.enjoying poetryD.similar or alike六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The SeaWhat do you know about the sea? We know that it looks very prett
38、y when the sun is shining on it. We also know that it can be very rough when there is a strong wind. What other things do we know about it?The first thingto remember is that the sea is very big. When you look at the map of the world you will find there is more water than land. The sea covers three q
39、uarters of the world. The sea is also very deep in some places. It is not deep everywhere. Some parts of the sea are very shallow. But in some places the depth of the sea is very great. There is one spot, near Japan, where the sea is nearly 11 kilometres deep! The highest mountain in the world is ab
40、out 9 kilometres high. If that mountain were put into the sea at that place, there would be 2 kilometres of water above it! What a deep place!If you have swum in the sea, you know that it is salty. You can taste the salt. Rivers, which flow into the sea, carry salt from the land into the sea. Some p
41、arts of the sea are more salty than other parts. There is one sea, called the Dead Sea, which is very salty. It is so salty that swimmers cannot sink! Fish cannot live in the Dead Sea!In most parts of the sea, there are plenty of fishes and plants. Some live near the top of the sea. Others live deep
42、 down. There are also millions of tiny living things that float in the sea. These floating things are so small that it is hard to see them. Many fish live by eating these. The sea can be very cold. Divers, who go deep down in the sea, know this. On the top the water may be warm. When the diver goes
43、downwards, the sea becomes colder and colder. Another thing happens. When the diver goes deeper, the water above presses down on him. It squeezes him. Then the diver has to wear clothes made of metal. But he cannot go very deep. Some people who wanted to go very deep used a very strong diving ship!
44、They went down to the deepest part of the sea in it. They went down to a depth of eleven kilometres!（分数：15.00）(1).When does the sea look beautiful?（分数：3.00）A.When it is calm.B.When the weather is fine.C.When there is a strong wind.D.When there is a storm.(2).How much of the earths surface does land
45、cover?（分数：3.00）A.15%.B.25%.C.30%.D.45%.(3).Why does the author cite the sea somewhere near Japan?（分数：3.00）A.To show that the sea in some places is very deep.B.To show that the sea in some places is very shallow.C.To show that its depth is 9 kilometres greater than the height of the highest mountain.
46、D.To show that its depth is 11 kilometres greater than the height of the highest mountain.(4).Which of the following statements about the Dead Sea is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.There are plenty of fishes in it.B.It is a safe place for swimmers.C.It is extremely salty.D.No fish can be found in it.(5).Why ca
47、nt people go very deep in the sea?（分数：3.00）A.Because the deepest part of the sea is very cold.B.Because the deepest part of the sea is very rough.C.Because the pressure of water at great depths is unendurable.D.Because fierce fish usually live there.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Egypt felled by FamineEven an
48、cient Egypts mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the famine that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 BCNow evidence gleaned from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame-and the same o
49、r worse could happen today. The ancient Egyptians depended on the Niles annual floods to irrigate their crops. But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons southwards out of Ethiopia would have been diminished these floods. Dwindling rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stablise the soil. When rain did fail it would have washed
