1、职称英语综合类 C级-32 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The mail was delayed for two days because of the snowstorm. A. held on B. held up C. held down D. held off（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The teachers want to do away with cheating in their school. A. put an end to B. retain C. do credit to
2、D. substitute for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.She longed to be envied and sought after. A. hoped B. wished C. was eager D. wanted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Put some effort into your work A. effect B. force C. strength D. energy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.He is always under the weather. A. traveling B. sick C. away D. unconsci
3、ous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.I like George; he is so down-to-earth. A. practical B. friendly C. amusing D. honest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.I suppose he will give it to you eventually. A. in a way B. in due course C. in the end D. in any case（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Mr. Stephen used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day,
4、but now he has decreased to half a pack. A. cut off B. cut in C. cut down D. cut across（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Storms are frequent, here during summer. A. rare B. never stopped C. terrible D. constant（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.There is a trend towards equal opportunities for men and women. A. tide B. tendency C
5、. target D. trail（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.People disagree because they look at the same problem from a different perspective. A. prospect B. vision C. method D. view（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Dont get upset about trivial matters. A. unexpected B. unusual C. unsettled D. uncertain（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It is almost
6、 impossible to forecast the future development of a very young child. A. present B. propose C. prove D. predict（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Ambition is a characteristic of all successful businessmen. A. factor B. feature C. sign D. symbol（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Peter is experiencing a difficult time in his life.
7、 A. going into B. going out of C. going over D. going through（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)African wild dogFinding a babysitter while you go out to work is, for example, an inconvenience. For the African wild dog, one of the continents most endangered carnivores (食肉动物), its a matter of
8、 life and death. A new research shows that once packs (兽群) fall below a certain size, they are not enough animals to both hunt food and stay at home protecting the young.The African wild dog has declined drastically over the past century. Habitual loss (栖息地的丧失), persecution and unexplained outbreaks
9、 of disease have all been blamed. Only 3, 000 to 5,000 animals remain, and the species is expected to go extinct within decades if the trend continues.Other large carnivores such as the spotted hyena (鬣狗) face similar pressures, yet are not declining. Now Franck Courchamp of Cambridge University has
10、 found a reason why. The dogs weakness lies in its social organization.Within each pack of up to 20 adults and pups, only the dominant male and female breed. The remaining animals help raise the pups, cooperating to hunt prey and defend the kill from other carnivores.Because pups cant keep up on a h
11、unt, large packs leave an adult behind to protect them from predators (捕猎者), which include lions and hyenas. But leaving a babysitter also carries costs. A smaller hunting party is less able to tackle large prey and to defend the kill. There is also one less stomach in which to carry food back to th
12、e den, and one more mouth to feed when they get there.Courchamp investigated this awkward trade-off (权衡) by modeling how the costs of a babysitter change with decreasing pack size. This showed that packs of more than five adults should be able to feed all the pups and still spare a babysitter. But w
13、ith smaller packs, either the hunting or the babysitting suffers, or the animals have to compensate by increasing the number of hunting excursions which itself carries a cost to the pack.Field observations in Zimbabwe supported the model. Packs of five animals or fewer left pups unguarded more frequ
14、ently than larger packs did. There was also evidence that when they did leave a babysitter, they were forced to hunt more often.A pack which drops below a critical size becomes caught in a vicious circle (恶性循环), says Courchamp, who is now at Paris-Sud University. “Poor reproduction and low survival
15、further reduces pack size, culminating in (最终造成) failure of the whole pack.“ And deaths caused by human activity, says Courchamp, may be what reduce pack numbers to below the sustainable threshold. Mammal ecologist Chris Carbone at Londons Institute of Zoology agrees. Maintaining the integrity of wi
16、ld dog packs will be vital in preserving the species, he says.（分数：7.00）(1).The African wild dog has been endangered.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The spotted hyena is on the verge of extinction.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The remaining lions will die out within decades.（分数：
17、1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The dominant female is always left behind to protect the young.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).There is a tension between babysitting and hurting.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The size of a pack must be big enough for it to survive.（分数：1.00
18、）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Steps will be taken to protect the African wild dog.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A Strong Greenhouse Gas1 Methane is a colorless, odorless gas; it is also a potent greenhouse gas, and once released into the atmospheres, it ab
19、sorbs beat radiating from Earths surface. Thats why methane is a major contributor to the planets increasing temperature rise or global warming. Molecule for molecule, methanes heat-trapping power in the atmosphere is 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide, the most abundant greenhouse gas.2 With 13
20、billion cows belching almost constantly around the world (100 million in the U.S. alone), its no surprise that menace released by livestock is one of the chief sources of the gas. Other prime methane sources: petroleum, drilling, coal mining, solid-waste landfills and wetlands.3 Greenhouse gases lik
21、e methane and carbon dioxide make up only a small part of Earths atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and nearly 21 percent oxygen. And without greenhouse gases to trap the suns heat and warm the planet, life as we know it couldnt exist. But in the last 200 years, human activity that requires bu
22、rning oil, natural gas, and coal for energy has magnified the greenhouse effect.4 Atmospheric concentrations of methane have more than doubled in the last two centuries. Blame for this often focuses on big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles. But agriculture plays a major role, too. In the past 40
23、years alone, the global cattle population has doubled.5 Cows munch mostly grasses and hay yet they grow big and hefty. Why? Because of the rumen. The lumen holds 160 liters of food and billions of microbes. These microscopic bacteria and protozoa break down cellulose and Fiber into digestible nutrie
24、nts. A cow couldnt live without its microbes. As the microbes digest cellulose, trey release methane. The process occurs in all animals with a rumen (cows, sheep, and goats, for example), and it makes them very gassy. Its part of their normal digestion process. When they drew their cud, they regurgi
25、tate some food to rechew it, and all this gas comes out. The average cow expels 600 liters of methane a day.Thats why we say livestock gas is also a major factor of causing the global warming.A Life of Macroscopic Bacteria in Livestocks RumenB Ways to Reduce Methanes Heat-trapping PowerC Agriculture
26、 Also Contributes to Increased Concentrations of Methane in the AtmosphereD Why Livestock Releases MethaneE Methane as a Strong Greenhouse GasF Livestock as a Prime Factor of the Greenhouse Effect（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项
27、 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A one of tire major contributorsB the ever-increasing atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gasesC big and hefty cowsD livestocks normal digestion processE how to cut down the cattle populationF big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles（分数：4.00）(1).Methane is _
28、to the intensifying greenhouse effect.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Greenhouse gases are indispensable to mankind, but the problem mankind is faced with is _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Generally people heap criticism on fox the planets temperature rise _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Nothing has been mentioned in the passage
29、about _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Electric BackpackBackpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes, leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you dont mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also pow
30、er your MP3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home.Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass, have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced
31、while its wearer walks. In military actions, search-and-rescue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, night-vision goggles, and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpacks electric
32、ity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearers load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9, Science.The backpacks electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the
33、wearers back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts.Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the pa
34、cks oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack.The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists
35、, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs arent on the market yet, but if you do get one
36、 eventually, ust make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!（分数：15.00）(1).Backpacks are convenient because _.（分数：3.00）A.they can be very largeB.they can hold as many things as you want to carryC.your hands are freed to do other thingsD.you do not have to carry things with you(2).What is
37、the most important feature of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues?（分数：3.00）A.It produces electricity for electronic devices while the wearer walks.B.It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.C.It is small and convenient.D.It is light and eas
38、y to carry.(3).The word “springs“ in Paragraph 3 means _.（分数：3.00）A.a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earthB.the season of the year, occurring between winter and summerC.the act or an instance of jumping or leapingD.a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape
39、 after being pushed(4).According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?（分数：3.00）A.To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.B.To put the backpack on the market.C.To test the advantage of the backpack.D.To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.(5).What is implied in “if
40、you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!“（分数：3.00）A.You will be too excited to watch the traffic.B.Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.C.It is not possible for you to get such a backpack.D.It is wise of you to have suc
41、h a backpack.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Beginning of American LiteratureAmerican has always been a land of beginnings. After Europeans “discovered“ America in the fifteenth century, the mysterious New World became for many people a genuine hope of a new life, an escape from poverty and persecution, a
42、chance to start again. We can say that, as nation, America begins with that hope. When, however, does American literature begin?American literature begins with American experiences. Long before the first colonists arrived, before Christopher Columbus, before the Northmen who “found“ America about th
43、e year 1,000, Native Americans lived here. Each tribes literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and reflected the unmistakably American experience of lining with the land. Another kind of experience, one filled with fear and excitement, found its expression in the reports that Colu
44、mbus and other explorers sent home in Spain, French and English. In addition, the journals of the people who lived and died in the New England wilderness tell unforgettable tales of hard and sometimes heartbreaking experiences of those early years.Experience, then, is the key to early American liter
45、ature. The New World provided a great variety of experiences, and these experiences demanded a wide variety of expressions by an even wider variety of early American writers. These writers included John Smith, who spent only two-and-a-half years on the American continent. They included Jonathan Edwa
46、rds and William Byrd, who thought of themselves as British subjects, never suspecting a revolution that would create a United States of America with a literature of its own. American Indians, explorers, Puritan ministers, frontier wives, plantation owner-they are all the creators of the first Americ
47、an literature.（分数：15.00）(1).What does “that hope: in the first paragraph refer to?（分数：3.00）A.The hope that America would be discovered.B.The hope to start a new life.C.The hope to see the mysteries of the New World.D.The hope to find poverty her(2).When did American literature begin?（分数：3.00）A.Befor
48、e the American natives lived there.B.When Columbus and other explorers sent reports back homeC.When the Northmen found America in about 1,000.D.Long before the year 1,000.(3).What can we learn from the literature of the tribes of the native Americans?（分数：3.00）A.About the everyday life of the native
49、Americans.B.About the arrival of Columbus.C.About the experience of the first European settlers.D.About the experience of those who died in the New England wilderness.(4).The main purpose of the last paragraph is to tell the readers that _.（分数：3.00）A.in the early days most American writers were from Great BritainB.p
