1、职称英语综合类 B 级真题 2015 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项（第 115 题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.（分数：1.00）A.acceptB.controlC.observeD.regulate2.The organization was bold enough to face the press. （分数：1.00）A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible3.Shes extr
2、emely competent and industrious.（分数：1.00）A.honestB.hardworkingC.objectiveD.independent4.Most people find rejection hard to accept.（分数：1.00）A.excuseB.clientC.refusalD.destiny5.These products are inferior to those we bought last year. （分数：1.00）A.narrower thanB.larger thanC.richer thanD.poorer than6.I
3、realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. （分数：1.00）A.fearB.limitC.powerD.fool7.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. （分数：1.00）A.messageB.punishmentC.guiltD.obligation8.We were attracted by the lure of quick money.（分数：1.00）A.amountB.temptC.supplyD.sum9.There was a si
4、multaneous trial taking place in the next building. （分数：1.00）A.coexistingB.fairC.fullD.pubic10.The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.（分数：1.00）A.discloseB.hideC.handleD.establish11.The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. （分数：1.00）A.improvedB.changedC.worsenedD.developed1
5、2.Theyre petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. （分数：1.00）A.planningB.preparingC.requestingD.looking13.He said some harsh words about his brother.（分数：1.00）A.properB.normalC.unclearD.unkind14.He tried to assemble his thoughts.（分数：1.00）A.clearB.shareC.gatherD.spare15.Pr
6、isoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. （分数：1.00）A.flexibleB.reasonableC.terribleD.serious二、第二部分：阅读判断（第 1622 题，每题(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Living History at Jamestown Settlement A woman in Native American clothes is sitting in the sun, sewing address form animal skin, Inside a building, a colonist
7、is making a wooden chair, using very simple tools. This is all around, tourists are taking pictures with their digital（数码的）cameras. This is Jamestown settlement today. Jamestown, Virginia, was one of the first place in the word where people form Europe, American, and Africa came together in 1608. To
8、day, it is a living history museum, where children and adults come to experience history. In a living history museum, actors wear clothes and adults form the past and demonstrate many of the activities of daily life back then. The actor also talk to the visitors and explain everything they do. At a
9、living history museum, there are always many things to touch, hear, and smell. Visitors at Jamestown settlement can walk through copies of the three small sailing ships that carried colonists to Virginia and even lie down in a colonists bed! The colonists stayed on the crowed, dangerous ships for mo
10、re than four months. When they got to Virginia, they built an area of houses with a high wall around it. In todays fort（堡垒）, you can see houses, a church, and even a garden with foods that the colonists ate. Women in long dresses work inside their homes, and visitor can help them with their sewing a
11、nd cooking. There is also an Indian Village at Jamestown settlement, and it looks very different from the fort. It shows how the Indians lived in long houses and grew corn and other crops in large fields. Actors there make pottery（陶器）and teach visitors how to play Indian games. You can even help the
12、m make an India boat form a tree! Today, the living history museum of Jamestown is very popular, especially with children and families. People come here to have fun, but also to learn. Many school classes visit to experience old ways of getting things done. A living history museum is the best way to
13、 understand how people lived in the past.（分数：7.00）(1).Tourists like to take pictures in Jamestown Settlement today.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).In Jamestown, people form three difficult cultures came together in 1608.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).At a living history museum,
14、visitors cannot touch any of the things on display. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The first colonists to Jamestown were form England.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The actors working at the museum explain what they do to the visitors.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).
15、In Jamestown, visitors can walk through the real ships the colonists used. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Children and families enjoy play Indian games.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 233(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK” 1）The UK
16、 government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupils aged 11-16), and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers, Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who say they would “
17、seriously consider“ teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching. 2）The main drawback of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the l
18、ow salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs, and this means that fewer and fewer young people decide to be teachers. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacherbut w
19、hen I looked into the details, it became clear that teaching isnt a very lucrative（赚钱的）job these days. I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, and so I decided not to become a teacher“. 3）Its not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reaso
20、n why people dont want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Heres the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London:“ I think pare
21、nts are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers“. 4）“I love teaching; its my passion. Ive been a secondary-school teacher of Spanish for ten years now, and although its a very demanding job, its very satisf
22、ying. When I see my students passing their Spanish exams, or singing along to Spanish pop songs, it makes me feel so proud,“ says Brian Jones, who works in a secondary school in London. So what does he think the government should do to encourage more people to become teachers? “My view is that the g
23、overnment should reduce the burden of work on teachers. I find that I always have too much work to do.“ 5）The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions
24、. It also suggests that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people. Another solution could be set a maximum number of hours per week that teachers can work, in order to redu
25、ce stress on teachers. “Hopefully,“ the report concludes, “these solutions can improve the poor image of secondary teaching, and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in the future.“ （分数：8.00）(1).A.Students bad behavior and lack of discipline B.Improvement of children behav
26、iour C.Heavy workload on teachers D.The problem of low salary E.A report on teacher shortage F.A nationwide publicity campaign Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).A.its benefits B.their ch
27、ildhood memories C.their stress D.more training E.discipline problems F.because of its low pay More and more young people are held back from teaching_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).Parents are encouraged to back the teacher up when there are_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).The government should reduce the worklo
28、ad on teachers to ease_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).The government should promote teaching as a career by advertising_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第四部分：阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：45.00)Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee? When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee
29、 drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too. Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（树冠）of taller indigenous（土生土长的）trees. However, more and more fa
30、rmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there arent any trees. With increased production come increased profits. Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases l
31、ocal-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pes
32、ticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffe
33、e bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shade grown“ and “bird friendly.“ Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But were paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think its worth it.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the
34、 main idea of this passage?（分数：3.00）A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.C.Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.D.People should buy shade-grown coffee.(2).The function of the word “Traditionally“ in Paragraph 2 is to show_
35、.（分数：3.00）A.the positive effects of coffee.B.a change of coffee growth.C.something that is the most important.D.how coffee production used to be.(3).What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?（分数：3.00）A.More insects.B.Better quality coffee.C.Larger farms.D.Higher profits.(4).How d
36、o farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?（分数：3.00）A.They buy more land from other farmers.B.They cut down trees.C.They move to another country.D.They turn grassland into farmland.(5).The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_. （分数：3.00）A.insectsB.airC.bridsD.humansWashoe Learne
37、d American Sign Language An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and aroun
38、d the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language. Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 196
39、6.In 1969, the Gardners described Washoes progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked quest
40、ions like,“ Who is coming to play?“ Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed. However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from
41、watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoes keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He t
42、ook Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive. Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoer provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today,there are not as
43、 many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time. Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure-Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.（分数：1
44、5.00）(1).The Gardners experiment with Washoe_.（分数：3.00）A.began in 1969.B.won a big prize.C.lasted three yearsD.influenced primate research(2).The second paragraph mainly discusses _.（分数：3.00）A.a report about Washoes progress in learning sign language.B.the whole direction of primate research.C.new p
45、rimate researches conducted by many language scientific.D.an experiment with Washoe at a research center in Africa.(3).The Gardnersexperiment with Washoe was criticized because _.（分数：3.00）A.just ask some simple question.B.only copy teachers sign language.C.only memorize about 250 words.D.just repeat
46、 short sentences.(4).According to the passage ,which of the following is true?（分数：3.00）A.Roger Fouts taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees.B.Washoe was the first chim to use American Sign Language.C.A chimpanzee died of natural causes in Africa at a research center.D.Nowadays there are s
47、till lots of scientists experimenting with chimpanzees.(5).We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph that _.（分数：3.00）A.whether chimps can learn a human language remains unanswer.B.primates have the ability to speak a language.C.animals cans learn a human sign.D.Washoe is as intelligent as hum
48、ans.Moderate Earthquake Strikes England A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries. “It
49、felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride,“ said the woman. The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel, about 8.5 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel. Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds. “I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me
