1、职称英语综合类 B 级真题 2013 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项（第 1-15 题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Come out, or Ill （bust） the door down. （分数：1.00）A.shutB.setC.breakD.beat2.The police will need to keep a （wary） eye on this area of town. （分数：1.00）A.nakedB.cautiousC.blindD.private3.The rules are too （rigid
2、） to allow for humane error.（分数：1.00）A.generalB.complexC.directD.inflexible4.It seemed （incredible） that he had been there a week already. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.unbelievableC.obviousD.unclear5.These animals （migrate） south annually in search of food. （分数：1.00）A.exploreB.travelC.inhabitD.prefer6.Rumors b
3、egan to （circulate） about his financial problems.（分数：1.00）A.spreadB.sendC.hearD.confirm7.She （came across） three children sleeping under a bridge. （分数：1.00）A.passed byB.took a notice ofC.woke upD.found by chance8.I have little information （as regards） her fitness for the post.（分数：1.00）A.atB.withC.ab
4、outD.from9.As a politician, he knows how to （manipulate） public opinion. （分数：1.00）A.influenceB.expressC.divideD.voice10.He was （tempted） by the high salary offered by the company.（分数：1.00）A.taughtB.attractedC.keptD.changed11.He paused, waiting for her to （digest） the information. （分数：1.00）A.understa
5、ndB.withholdC.exchangeD.contact12.Make sure the table is securely （anchored）.（分数：1.00）A.repairedB.clearedC.bookedD.fixed13.She gets （aggressive） when she is drunk.（分数：1.00）A.worriedB.sleepyC.offensiveD.anxious14.There was something （peculiar） in the way he smiles.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.differentC.wrong
6、D.funny15.The contract between the two companies will （expire） soon.（分数：1.00）A.shortenB.startC.resumeD.end二、第 2 部分：阅读判断（第 16-22 题，每题(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Kicking the Habit What is a bad habit? The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and whi
7、ch has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human. Many early habits, like sucking our thumb, are broken when we are very young. We
8、 are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem
9、. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes “programmed” into our brain. A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we th
10、ought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study programme, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same pictures again, and gave them new words to associate with them. A few days l
11、ater, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures, and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and the second. Two weeks later, they were given the
12、same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set. The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try to change our ways, but after a while, the response that co
13、mes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way. The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behaviour. This is not good news for
14、people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previously learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.（分数：7.00）(1).Boys usually develop bad habits when they are ve
15、ry young.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.not mentioned(2).We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned(3).Bad habits may resume when we are under pressure. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.not mentioned(4).Researchers were surprised by the answers that the voluntee
16、rs gave in the first test. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.not mentioned(5).The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.not mentioned(6).The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.not m
17、entioned(7).If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 23-3(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Traffic Jams No End in Sight 1. Traffic congestion affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across b
18、oth the developed and developing world. In the U.S., commuters spend an average of a full work week each year sitting in traffic, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for
19、convenience, comfort and privacy. 2. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or t
20、rain. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centers thanks to congestion pricing. 3. Another way to reduce rush hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffi
21、c times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether. 4. Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic co
22、ngestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them. 5. Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to
23、the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public transport systems and
24、 upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.（分数：8.00）(1).A. A global problem B. Closing city centres to traffic C. Paying to get in D. Not doing enough E. Changing work practic
25、e F. A solution which is no solution Paragraph 1：（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 2：（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 3：（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 4：（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).A. encourage more private cars B. travel regularly C. reduce traffic jams D. go by bus E. drive around F. spend mor
26、e money Most American drivers think it convenient to _ .（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).If charged high enough, some drivers may _ to enter certain parts of town.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).Building more roads is not an effective way to _ .（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).The U.S. government has planned to _ updating
27、 public transport systems.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第 4 部分：阅读理解（第 31-45 题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 Operation Migration If you look up at the sky in the early fall in the northern part of North America, you may see groups of birds. These birds are flying south to places where they can find food and warmth
28、for the winter. They are migrating(迁徙). The young birds usually learn to migrate from their parents. They follow their parents south, in one unusual case, however, the young birds are following something very different. These birds are young whooping cranes, and they are following an airplane! The y
29、oung whooping crane is the largest bird that is native to North America. These birds almost disappeared in the 1800s. By 1941, there were only about 20 cranes alive. In the 1970s, people were worried that these creatures were in danger of disappearing completely. As a result, the United States ident
30、ified whooping cranes as an endangered species that they needed to protect. Some researchers tried to help. They began to breed whooping cranes in special parks to increase the number of birds. This plan was successful. There were a lot of new baby birds. As the birds became older, the researchers w
31、anted to return them to nature. However, there was a problem: These young birds did not know how to migrate. They needed human help. In 2001, some people had a creative Idea. They formed an organization called Operation Migration. This group decided to use very light airplanes, instead of birds, to
32、lead the young whooping cranes on their first trip south. They painted each airplane to look like a whooping crane. Even the pilots wore special clothing to make them look like cranes. The cranes began to trust the airplanes, and the plan worked. Today, planes still lead birds across approximately 1
33、,200 miles (1,931 kilometers), from the United States-Canadian border to the Gulf of Mexico. They leave the birds at different sites. If a trip is successful, the birds can travel on their own in the future. Then, when these birds become parents, they will teach their young to migrate. The people of
34、 Operation Migration think this is the only way to maintain the whooping crane population. Operation Migration works with several other organizations and government institutes. Together, they assist hundreds of cranes each year. However, some experts predict that soon, this wont be necessary. Thanks
35、 to Operation Migration and its partners, the crane population will continue to migrate. Hopefully, they wont need human help any more.（分数：15.00）(1).Whopping cranes migrate in winter to （分数：3.00）A.raise baby whooping cranes.B.get human help.C.find warmth and food.D.lay eggs.(2).Whopping cranes are n
36、ative to （分数：3.00）A.Mexico.B.South America.C.the Persian GulfD.North America.(3).Operation Migration aims to （分数：3.00）A.lead young cranes on their first trip south.B.teach adult cranes how to fly.C.breed cranes in special parks.D.transport cranes to the North.(4).The distance covered by the young wh
37、ooping cranes on their trip south is （分数：3.00）A.1,200 miles.B.120 milesC.1,931 milesD.2,000 miles(5).If Operation Migration is successful, whooping cranes will （分数：3.00）A.follow airplanes south every year.B.learn to migrate on their own.C.live in Canada all year round.D.be unable to fly back.第二篇“Luc
38、ky“ Lord Lucan Alive or Dead On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan, a British aristocrat, vanished. The day before, his childrens nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too. To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found.
39、Now, over 30 years later, the police have reopened the case, hoping that new DNA techniques will help solve this murder mystery. People suspected that “Lucky“, as he was called by friends, wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark, kil
40、led the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises, came downstairs and was also attacked, but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder, a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny. What happened next is unclear, but there are several theories which fall into one of three categor
41、ies: he may have killed himself, he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder, “Lucky“ borrowed a car and drove it, Lucans friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel. An
42、other version of events says that “Lucky“ left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country. However, after a time, his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was k
43、illed. A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan MacLaughlin, a former detective. He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa, India, where he assumed the identity of a Mr Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996. In the end the claim turned out to be a c
44、ase of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was really Haplin, an ex-schoolteacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about “Lucky“? DNA testing has solved many murder cases, but who knows if it can close the book on this one.（分数：15.00）(1).British public are still interested in the murder cas
45、e because （分数：3.00）A.the murderer was an aristocrat.B.the murderers DNA has been found.C.the murderer was a famous man.D.the murderer has not been caught(2).it was suspected that Lucan killed the nanny because （分数：3.00）A.she was cruel to his children.B.she attacked his wife.C.she stole his carD.she
46、was mistaken for his wife.(3).Aspinall thought Lucan killed himself （分数：3.00）A.by sinking his boat.B.in a car accident.C.on the night 30 years after the murder.D.by jumping into the English Channel.(4).According to the version in Paragraph 4, Lucan （分数：3.00）A.had escaped but was killed laterB.was in
47、volved in a murder in France.C.was caught in another country.D.met his partners on a ferry.(5).The word “assumed“ in the last paragraph means （分数：3.00）A.disclosed.B.set up.C.took on.D.changed.第三篇 On the Trail of the Honey Badgers On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers l
48、earnt a lot more about honey badgers (獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers movements and behaviour as discreetly (谨慎地) as possible, without frightening them away or causing th
49、em to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animals reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do. “The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,” he says. “that, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they wont be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. Theyre actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but
