1、职称英语综合类 B 级真题 2003 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项（第 115 题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences. （分数：1.00）A.forceB.influenceC.surpriseD.power2. Can you follow the plot? （分数：1.00）A.changeB.investigateC.writeD.understand3. Even in a high
2、ly modernized country, manual work is still needed. （分数：1.00）A.physicalB.mentalC.naturalD.hard4. In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed （分数：1.00）A.resultB.judgmentC.decisionD.event5.Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions. （分数：1.00）A.statementsB.beliefsC.suggestionsD.claims6. Up
3、 to now, the work has been easy. （分数：1.00）A.SoB.So longC.So thatD.So far7.The report advocated setting up day training colleges. （分数：1.00）A.supposedB.excitedC.suggestedD.discussed8.Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed （分数：1.00）A.ThereforeB.AfterwardsC.HoweverD.Furthermore9. The
4、outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking. （分数：1.00）A.viewB.sightC.lookD.point10.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs. （分数：1.00）A.tenselyB.nearlyC.carefullyD.closely11. The union representative put across her argument very effectively. （分数：1.00）A.explainedB.inventedC.consideredD.
5、accepted12.He talks tough but has a tender heart. （分数：1.00）A.heavyB.strongC.kindD.wild13.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy. （分数：1.00）A.makingB.takingC.discussingD.expecting14.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing （分数：1.00）A.wasteB.buyC.useD.s
6、ell15. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. （分数：1.00）A.functionB.abilityC.powerD.volume二、第 2 部分： 阅读判断（第 1622 题，每(总题数：1，分数：7.00)A Pay Rise or Not? “Unless I get a rise, Ill have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley,“ George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the town he l
7、ived in, but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham, a nearby city about 50 miles away. He had been offered a job in a factory there, and the pay was far better. George lived in Wyeford, a medi
8、um-sized town. He really liked the place and didnt like the idea of moving somewhere else, but if he took the job in Birmingham, he would have to move his family there. Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors. The company was in deep trouble because, among other
9、 reasons, the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result, Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all. Even then, orders were still not coming in fast enough, so that there was no money for raises(加工资) for his workers. Som
10、ehow, he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well. He sighed. Just then the phone rang. His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible. Manley sighed again. He could guess what it was about. George Strong was a very young engineer. The company had no f
11、uture unless it could attract and keep men like him. Manley rubbed his forehead(前额); his problems seemed endless. （分数：7.00）(1).Henry Manley was already deeply in debt. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The job that had been offered to George Strong in Birmingham paid better. （分数：1.00）A.right
12、B.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).If George Strong took the job in Birmingham, he would have to leave his family in Wyeford. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Henry Manleys company was in deep trouble. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5). Henry Manleys company was making enough profits to rais
13、e the workers wages. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6). Henry Manley had no idea at all why George Strong wanted to see him. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7). George Strong was a very creative engineer. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 23 (总题数：1，分数：8.00)Kee
14、ping Cut Flowers 1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts. 2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, s
15、tudies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12oC than when kept at 260c. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care. 3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. The
16、ir biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), called respiration (呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower i
17、ts shape and colour. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about
18、the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies. 4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the rever
19、se is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly. 5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to “drink” water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. E
20、ven when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4% solution) b
21、e added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day. 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ A Control of Respiration B Beauty of Fresh Cut Flowers C Role of Respiration D Most Important Aspect of Flower Care E Need for Clean Water F Ways o
22、f Stopping Respiration 27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers_ 28 Respiration plays a key role_ 29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down_ 30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is _ A by keeping its original shape and colour B in the life of the cut flower C
23、to produce carbon dioxide D for as long as possible E by controlling temperature F to replace the water and solution every day （分数：8.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第 4 部分：阅读理解（第 3145 题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 New Foods and the New World In the last 500 yea
24、rs, nothing about people-not their clothes, ideas, or languages-has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree（可可树）by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very ex
25、pensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today. The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so depen
26、dent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine(饥荒)“of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in th
27、e opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s. According to an Arabic legend, coffee
28、was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake“ feeling that one-third of the worlds population now starts the day with. （分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following ha
29、s changed the most in the last 500 years? （分数：3.00）A.FoodB.ClothingC.IdeologyD.Language(2).“some“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to （分数：3.00）A.some cocoa treesB.some chocolate drinks.C.some shopsD.some South American Indians(3).Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato
30、 Famine“ because （分数：3.00）A.they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything elseB.they were forced to leave their homeland and move to AmericaC.the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoesD.the potato harvest was bad(4). Which country is the largest c
31、offee producer? （分数：3.00）A.BrazilB.ColombiaC.EthiopiaD.Egypt(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage? （分数：3.00）A.One third of the worlds population drinks coffee.B.Coffee is native to ColombiaC.Coffee can keep one awake.D.Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.第二篇
32、Teaching poetry No poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed“, until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears o
33、f it. All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling “interpretation“ of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obvious
34、ly a special reward. But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting(背诵) it. I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing“ it, if there isnt time for both. I think one of our go
35、als as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is “ a criticism of life“, and “ a heightening(提升) of life“. It is “an approach to the truth of feeling“, and it “ can save your life“. It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presentl
36、y occupies. I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who dont like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few thing s about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make
37、 room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it. （分数：15.00）(1). To have a better understanding of a poem, one should （分数：3.00）A.discuss it with others.B.analyze it by oneself.C.copy it down in a notebookD.practise reading it aloud(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as
38、a function of poetry? （分数：3.00）A.Extending your life.B.Saving your life.C.Criticizing life.D.Heightening life.(3).According to the writer, one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students （分数：3.00）A.to understand life.B.to enjoy poetry.C.to become teachers.D.to become poets(4).What does th
39、e last sentence in the third paragraph imply? （分数：3.00）A.More stress should be laid on the teaching of poetry.B.Poetry is more important than any other subject.C.One cannot enjoy life fully without an understanding of poetryD.Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses(5).The phr
40、ase “make room“ in the last paragraph could be best replaced by （分数：3.00）A.“build a booth“B.“provide equipment“.C.“leave a certain amount of time“.D.“set aside enough space“.第三篇 “ Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to g
41、row in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty
42、. The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each year mor
43、e than 10m hectares(公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts(妨碍生长)plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves(红树林) that create swamps（沼泽） and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a ser
44、ies of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep(渗透)in. in Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated(蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentra
45、tions of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little slat and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these ch
46、aracteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plant
47、s. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world. （分数：15.00）(1). Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true? （分数：3.00）A.They are students at Sussex University.B.They are rice breeders.C.Th
48、ey are husband and wife.D.They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.(2).Flowers and Yeo have started a programme （分数：3.00）A.to find ways to prevent water pollution.B.to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.C.to breed rice plants that taste salty.D.to find ways to remove ex
49、cessive salt from soil.(3). Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage? （分数：3.00）A.Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B.the water table has gone down after droughts.C.Sea level has been continuously rising.D.Evaporation of water leaves salt behind(4). The word “affect“ in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by （分数：3.00）A.“influence“B.“effect“C.“stop“D.“present“(5). The att
