1、职称英语综合类 B 级模拟 86 及答案解析(总分：105.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.50)1.Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on simple compounds such as alcohol.（分数：1.00）A.mix withB.do well onC.exist inD.float on2.The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.（分数：1.00）A.viewB.sightC.lookD.point3
2、.Helen will leave immediately .（分数：1.00）A.far awayB.right awayC.right hereD.soon4.I will not tolerate that sort of behaviour in my class.（分数：1.00）A.controlB.observeC.regulateD.accept5.The organization was bold enough to face the press.（分数：1.00）A.braveB.pleasedC.powerfulD.sensible6.Many new chances w
3、ill be opened up in the future for those with a university education.（分数：1.00）A.opportunitiesB.realitiesC.necessitiesD.probabilities7.Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.（分数：1.00）A.physicalB.mentalC.naturalD.hard8.Marxism doctrine was spelled out in the Communist Manifes
4、to.（分数：1.00）A.evaluatedB.detailedC.supportedD.mentioned9.Before herbs were available in supermarkets year-round, herb vinegar was made in the fall.（分数：1.00）A.obtainableB.affordableC.reasonableD.disposable10.Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States
5、 as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children.（分数：1.50）A.an easyB.a playfulC.an openD.a better11.You“ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train.（分数：1.00）A.jumpB.runC.escapeD.prepare12.The project required ten years of diligent research.（分数：1.00）A.scientificB.basicC.so
6、cialD.hardworking13.John Hanson helped draft instructions for Maryland“s delegates to the Stamp Act Congress.（分数：1.00）A.clarifyB.formulateC.reviseD.contribute14.At the meeting, Smith argued mightily in favor of the proposal.（分数：1.00）A.severelyB.warmlyC.forcefullyD.heavily15.The new secretary has wri
7、tten a remarkably concise report only in a few pages but with all the details.（分数：1.00）A.briefB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)HerculesOnce upon a time there was a great Greek hero, Hercules. He was taller and stronger than anyone you have ever seen. On his shoulder he carried
8、a club and in his hand he held a bow (弓). He was known as the hero of a hundred adventures. Hercules served a king. The king was afraid of him. So again and again he sent him on difficult tasks. One morning the king sent for him and told him to fetch three golden apples for him from the garden of th
9、e Singing Maidens (歌女). But no one knew where the garden was. So Hercules went away. He walked the whole day and the next day and the next. He walked for months before he saw mountains far in the distance one fine morning. One of the mountains was in the shape of a man, with long, long legs and arms
10、 and huge shoulders and a huge head. He was holding up the sky. Hercules knew it was Atlas, the Mountain God. So he asked him for help. Atlas answered, “My head and arms and shoulders all ache. Could you hold up the sky while I fetch the golden apples for you?“ Hercules climbed the mountain and shou
11、ldered the sky. Soon the sky grew very heavy. When finally Atlas came back with three golden apples, he said, “Well, you are going to carry the mountain for ever. I“m going to see the king with the apples.“ Hercules knew that he couldn“t fight him because of the sky on his back. So he shouted: “Just
12、 one minute“s help. My shoulders are hurting. Hold the sky for a minute while I make a cushion (垫子) for my shoulders.“ Atlas believed him. He threw down the apples and held up the sky. Hercules picked up the apples and ran back to see the king.（分数：7.00）(1).Hercules was the tallest man in the world.（
13、分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Hercules worked in the king“s garden.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Hercules was given many difficult tasks because the king wanted to get rid of him.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Atlas was the giant who held up the sky.（分数：1.00）A.Right
14、B.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Atlas ran faster than Hercules.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Atlas got the golden apples for Hercules because he wanted to be the king himself.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Hercules finally managed to get the apples by defeating Atlas.（分数：1.00）A.Righ
15、tB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Old Man Myths and Realities1. When does a middle-aged man become an old man? Officially, of course, it“s when we reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt (生硬的) method of decision making. As life expectancy (预期寿命) increa
16、ses, retirement planning needs to be changed. This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago. 2. Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-old, that is ages 7075, and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-
17、old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family. The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation. 3. Although men are living longer, there are still more old women than old men. This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relat
18、ively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man. Sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety, financial problems, loneliness, etc., but that“s really about all we know. 4. It is usually believed that the old man often complains about thei
19、r health. In fact, most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness. The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. New Definitions of the Old Man B. Changin
20、g Concept of the Old Man C. Health of the Old Man D. Happy Old Man And Sad Old Man E. Limited Knowledge of the Old Man“s Experiences F. Contempt for the Old Man（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).Nowadays men generally live longer than 1. A. in
21、good health B. in the past C. in the wrong D. the old man E. a middle-aged man F. a young man（分数：1.00）(6).A man in his mid-60s is now regarded as 1.（分数：1.00）(7).More research should be done on the experiences of 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Most old men consider themselves to be 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：
22、0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about people-not their clothes, ideas, or languages-has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树) by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced
23、 it to the rest of the world during the 1500“s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today. The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it f
24、rom Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine (饥荒)“ of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. There are many other foods that
25、have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world“s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made
26、into a drink by Arabs during the 1400“s. According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake“ feeling that one-third of the world“s population now starts
27、 the day with.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?（分数：3.00）A.Food.B.Clothing.C.Ideology.D.Language.(2).“Some“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to（分数：3.00）A.some cocoa trees.B.some chocolate drinks.C.some shops.D.
28、some South American Indians.(3).Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine“ because（分数：3.00）A.they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else.B.they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.C.the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitabl
29、e for growing potatoes.D.the potato harvest was bad.(4).Which country is the largest coffee producer?（分数：3.00）A.Brazil.B.Colombia.C.Ethiopia.D.Egypt.(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.One third of the world“s population drinks coffee.B.Coffee is na
30、tive to Colombia.C.Coffee can keep one awake.D.Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Who Wants to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long, would you take it? The good news is that we may be drawing near to that
31、date. Scientists have already extended the lives of flies, worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams, spending ti
32、me with our loved ones, watching our families grow and have families of their own. “Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking, “says Dr. Gregory Stock at School of Public Health of University of California. “It would also raise productivity by add
33、ing to the year we can work.“ Longer lives don“t just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. “We have war, poverty, all sorts of issues around, and I don“t think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer,“ says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan. “The
34、 question is “What will we get as a society“? I suspect it won“t be a better society. “ It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years?
35、 And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time? Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents, or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think o
36、f an elder sibling as someone, who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation. Working life would also be affected, especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would g
37、ive us the benefits of age-skill, wisdom and good judgment. On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals, making career progress
38、more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss? Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people, and more on ma
39、king life comfortable for the old. And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom, but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting.
40、Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact, they are less enthusiastic about everything. The effect of anti-aging technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances, we need to think about these changes
41、now. “If this could ever happen, then we“d better ask what kind of society we want to get,“ says Daniel Callahan. “We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figured those problems out.“（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enabl
42、e an individual to do?（分数：3.00）A.Spending more time with his family.B.Having more education.C.Realizing more dreams.D.Working longer.(2).Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.B.More and more people in the US today want to get
43、 married.C.Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.D.If people live longer, they would stay in marriage longer.(3).All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.communication between employers and employees
44、 would be more difficultB.more money would be used by employees in payment of their employeesC.the job market would be more competitiveD.it would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions(4).An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that _.（分数：3.0
45、0）A.it places more emphasis on educating the youngB.it is both wise and energeticC.it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is newD.it welcomes changes(5).Which of the following best describes Callahan“s attitude to anti-aging technology?（分数：3.00）A.Optimistic.B.Pessimistic.C.Reserved.D.Negative.七、第
46、三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Worker“s Role in ManagementTraditionally, it has been the worker“s role to work and management“s role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm“s operation with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled (被迫的) to obtain the wo
47、rker“s opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided “suggestion boxes“ in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of laborthey h
48、ave a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, t
49、hen, play a stronger role in management? Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.)Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs, often with no warning. At least 90 day“s notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might
