1、职称英语综合类 B 级模拟 84 及答案解析(总分：123.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：16.00)1.All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.（分数：1.00）A.as a result ofB.consideringC.cognizant ofD.whatever2.What he said was contrariwi
2、se to what we expected.（分数：1.00）A.ironicB.innateC.oppositeD.circumspect3.The change in that village was miraculous .（分数：1.00）A.conservativeB.amazingC.insignificantD.unforgettable4.Jack eventually overtook the last truck.（分数：1.00）A.hitB.passedC.reachedD.led5.Smoking is not permitted in the office.（分数
3、：1.50）A.probablyB.possibleC.admittedD.allowed6.His sincerity added much more credibility to the words.（分数：1.00）A.authorityB.honestyC.powerD.passion7.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.（分数：1.00）A.makingB.takingC.discussingD.expecting8.The weather is a constant subject of convers
4、ation in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.questionB.problemC.titleD.topic9.We have to ask them to quit talking in order that all people present could hear us clearly.（分数：1.00）A.decreaseB.ceaseC.continueD.keep10.The operation could prolong his life by two or three years.（分数：1.00）A.broadenB.worsenC.extendD.accelera
5、te11.Eleanor Roosevelt urged legislation to assist the poor and oppressed.（分数：1.00）A.helpB.adjustC.employD.encourage12.The towers of a suspension bridge serve as a rigid framework to which the cables are attached.（分数：1.00）A.boundaryB.skeletonC.enclosureD.material13.In his two-hour-long lecture he ma
6、de an exhaustive analysis of the issue.（分数：1.00）A.extremely thoroughB.long and boringC.superficialD.unconvincing14.Chinese people began to be aware of the seriousness of the population.（分数：1.00）A.realizeB.find outC.ignoreD.emphasize15.The council meeting terminated at 2 o“clock.（分数：1.50）A.beganB.con
7、tinuedC.endedD.resumed二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)What Is Globalization?It was the anti-globalization movement that really put globalization on the map. As a word it has existed since the 1960s, but the protests against this allegedly new process, which its opponents condemn as a way of ordering peo
8、ple“s lives, brought globalization out of the financial and academic worlds and into everyday current affairs. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the business model called the “globalized“ financial market came to be seen as an entity that could have more than just an economic impact on the parts of
9、 the world it touched. Globalization came to be seen as more than simply a way of doing business, or running financial marketsit became a process. From then on the word took on a life of its own. So how does the globalized market work? It is modern communications that make it possible, for the Briti
10、sh service sector to deal with its customers through a call centre in India, or for a sportswear (运动服) manufacturer to design its products in Europe, make them in south east Asia and sell them in north America. But this is where the anti-globalization side gets stuck in (关注). If these practices repl
11、ace domestic economic life with an economy that is heavily influenced or controlled from overseas, then the creation of a globalized economic model and the process of globalization can also be seen as a surrender of power to the corporations, or a means of keeping poorer nations in their place. Not
12、everyone agrees that globalization is necessarily evil, or that globalized corporations are running the lives of individuals or are more powerful than nations. Some say that the spread of globalization, free markets and free trade into the developing world is the best way to beat povertythe only pro
13、blem is that free markets and free trade do not yet truly exist. Globalization can be seen as a positive, negative or even marginal process. And regardless of whether it works for good or ill, globalization“s exact meaning will continue to be the subject of debate among those who oppose, support or
14、simply observe it.（分数：7.00）(1).Globalization is a term used only in the financial and academic worlds.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Globalization can be best understood as a way of doing business.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Modern communications play an important role in gl
15、obalization.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Britain has benefited quite a lot from globalization.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The opponent believes that globalization will keep the poorer nations in poverty.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The opponents think that glo
16、balization corporations have more power than nations.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Free markets and free trade will eventually prevail.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Quality After-school ProgramsQuality after-school programs are designed to improve
17、 academic performance, decrease youth crimes and other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults. The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits, hig
18、her rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame. After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behaviors. Various studies show decreased rates of crime, drug use, and teen sex among youths who
19、 join in well-run after-school programs when compared to similar youths who do not. Besides, after-school programs play an important role in supporting the following fields of development, mental development and social development. They help youths grow into healthy and successful adults. Thus, one
20、can safely say that after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society. Although there is enough proof from both small and large assessments that after-school programs can make a positive difference, it is important to note that not all progra
21、ms are equal. First dosage (时量) mattersyoung people who attend the most hours over the most years benefit more than members who attend less often or over a shorter period of time. Next, after-school programs make a bigger difference for those students who need help most and have the fewest choices.
22、Finally, program qualities matter. After-school programs work best when they create unique opportunities for youths. They should provide opportunities for positive relationships, skill building, meaningful involvement (参与), expression, suggestion, services, and work. Staff characteristics make an im
23、portant difference in the quality of a program. The adults should treat youths as partners, create safe and fair environment, encourage personalized (个性化的) involvement, and actively create learning opportunities. In short, although after-school programs have promising future, how they are designed a
24、nd run matters.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. Improving students“ academic behaviors B. Achievement tests C. Cultivating youths into contributing social members D. Decreasing youth crimes E. Importance of how to run after-school programs F. Successful youths（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Pa
25、ragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）(5).If students participate in quality after-school programs, they will 1. A. enjoy better life B. the mental and social development of youths C. have higher achievements in their studies D. absence from the school E. crime, drug use and teen sex behav
26、iors F. the dosage, students“ needs and program qualities（分数：1.00）(6).High-risk youth behaviors mainly include 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Quality after-school programs affect 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Quality after-school programs can be assessed according to 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The
27、 Romance of ArthurMost cultures have some sort of hero who represents the best values of what its people believe in. The unusual thing about King Arthur is that legends of his heroism have persisted for several centuries and spread far beyond England, the place where they began. The earliest stories
28、 of King Arthur represent him as a warrior who fought and subdued the invading Norsemen in the years around A D 700. This much of the Arthurian tale is probably based on fact. Whether called Arthur or not, there is a body of evidence supporting the existence of such a warrior. It is the later embell
29、ishment of the tale whose authentic city is questionable. According to these, Arthur was born in a castle in Tintagel on the stormy western coast of England and because he was the illegitimate son of King Uther Pendragon, he was spirited away by the magician Merlin and his true identity kept from hi
30、m. He became king after freeing the sword Excalibur from the stone into which it was thrust. He married the beautiful Guinevere and assembled in his court all the noblest knights of the land, including Lancelot, with whom Guinevere would later be unfaithful to him. He was finally defeated in battle
31、by his illegitimate son Mordred, and his body was spirited away to the isle of Avalon. This romantic tale greatly appealed to the English and the French in the Middle Ages, when the code of chivalryideal qualities of knighthoodconstituted an important part of many stories. Tales of the heroism of Ga
32、lahad, Percival, Gawain, and many other of Arthur“s knights were circulated as well. In England today, there are many sites claiming apiece of the Arthurian a legend. There is a mined castle at Tintagel. Near Glastonbury are the remains of an ancient abbey where Arthur“s and Guinevere“s bodies were
33、supposedly exhumed in the 12th century. Neither of these proves that the legend is true, but they do keep its mystique alive.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the story, who is King Arthur“s father?（分数：3.00）A.Lancelot.B.Mordred.C.Avalon.D.Uther Pendragon.(2).Which of the following is NOT the knight of Arth
34、ur?（分数：3.00）A.Guinevere.B.Gawain.C.Percival.D.Galahad.(3).The writer seems to feel that the truth about Arthur is that he _.（分数：3.00）A.existedB.was married to GuinevereC.was born at TintagelD.had many knights(4).The information in the second paragraph is mostly presented in _.（分数：3.00）A.spatial orde
35、rB.order from latest to earliestC.order from earliest to latestD.order from least persuasive(5).In the last paragraph the word “exhumed“ means _.（分数：3.00）A.dug up from the graveB.quarreled overC.built a church aroundD.buried六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize AnnouncementsTwo s
36、cientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born US citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have al
37、ready won a series of medical honors for their enzyme (酶) research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel. Among the pair“s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclea
38、r hormone receptors (受体). As usual, the tight-lipped award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm“s Karolinska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite (炸), established the prizes in his will in the ca
39、tegories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden“s central bank. Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body
40、 of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor (瑞典克朗) (US $1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary, goal for scientists. “Individual researchers probably don“t look at themselves as pote
41、ntial Nobel Prize winners when they“re at work,“ Jornvall told The Associated Press. “They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions.“ In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared
42、the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase (端粒酶) to sustain (维持) their uncontrolled growth.（分数：15.00）(1).Who is most unlikely to win the Nobel Prize in medicine?（分数：3.00）A.
43、Elizabeth Blackburn.B.Carol Greider.C.Hans Jornvall.D.Pierre Chambon.(2).Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?（分数：3.00）A.He was from Sweden.B.He invented dynamite.C.He established the Nobel Prizes in his will.D.He left clear instructions on how to select winners.(3).Originally the Nobel Prizes did NOT
44、include _.（分数：3.00）A.the medicine prizeB.the literature prizeC.the peace prizeD.the economics prize(4).The word “kicks“ in Paragraph 8 probably means _.（分数：3.00）A.enjoymentB.moneyC.respectD.knowledge(5).Telomerase may play a key role in _.（分数：3.00）A.the unchecked growth of cancer cellsB.the killing
45、of cancer cellsC.the division of normal cellsD.the transmission of viruses七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals. Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, U
46、S, and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (寿命) of mice by 18 percent by blocking the rodent“s (啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinnessand not necessarily dietpromotes long life in “calorie (热量单位，卡) restricted“ animals. “It“s very cool work,“ says aging
47、researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. “These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. It“s like heaven.“ Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown
48、, partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet. But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life. One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage
49、 cells. But Kahn“s team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin. To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin (胰岛素) receptor (受体) gene in lab micebut only in their fat cells. “Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat,“ explains Kahn. This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects. By three months of age, Kahn“s modified mice had up to 70 percent less body fat than normal control mice, despite the fact that they ate 55 percent more food per
