1、职称英语综合类 B 级模拟 75 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.（分数：1.00）A.expressiveB.physicalC.exaggeratedD.dubious2.Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed.（分数：1.00）A.convertB.storeC.utilizeD.rece
2、ive3.Many residents of apartment complexes object to noisy neighbors.（分数：1.00）A.managersB.occupantsC.landlordsD.caretakers4.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.（分数：1.00）A.continuouslyB.quicklyC.excessivelyD.exceptionally5.Hund
3、reds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches.（分数：1.00）A.disruptB.diagnoseC.evaporateD.cure6.John Hanson helped draft instructions for Maryland“s delegates to the Stamp Act Congress.（分数：1.00）A.clarifyB.formulateC.reviseD.contribute7.Practically all species of animals communicate either thro
4、ugh sounds or through a large repertory of soundless codes.（分数：1.00）A.SimultaneouslyB.AlmostC.AbsolutelyD.Basically8.Sulphur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state.（分数：1.00）A.regularlyB.accidentallyC.sometimesD.successfully9.When doves are about two weeks old, they are cove
5、red with grey feathers and are ready to try their wings.（分数：1.00）A.growB.wrapC.hideD.test10.I rarely wear a raincoat because I spend most of my time in a car.（分数：1.00）A.normallyB.seldomC.continuouslyD.usually11.When she was invited to the party, she readily accepted.（分数：1.00）A.willinglyB.suddenlyC.f
6、irmlyD.quickly12.Newborn babies can discriminate between a man“s and a woman“s voice.（分数：1.00）A.treatB.distinguishC.expressD.analyzes13.You must shine your shoes.（分数：1.00）A.lightenB.cleanC.washD.polish14.The majority of people around here are decent people.（分数：1.00）A.honestB.richC.good-lookingD.high
7、-ranking15.A deadly disease has affected these animals.（分数：1.00）A.contagiousB.seriousC.fatalD.worrying二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Plants and MankindBotany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don“t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plant
8、s, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously importan
9、t to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even
10、recognized as a special branch of “knowledge“ at all. Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few
11、people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of pla
12、nts and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that g
13、rew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.（分数：7.00）(1).It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Peop
14、le can not survive without plants.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.
15、WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Once mankind beg
16、an farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good ThingAlthough the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep
17、too much may also suffer the consequences. Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble failing and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night
18、. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night“s sleep than 8-hour sleepers. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night“s re
19、st may not need to set aside, more than 8 hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. Previous studies have shown the po
20、tential dangers of chronic shortages of sleepfor instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to slee
21、p questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day
22、-to-day functioning. Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much ti
23、me in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they“ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.“ he said.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Keprike“s research tool B. Dangers of Habitua
24、l shortages of sleep C. Criticism on Kripke“s report D. A way of overcoming insomnia E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers F. Classification of sleep problems（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(5).To get a good night“s rest, people may not n
25、eed to 1. A. fall asleep again B. become more energetic the following day C. sleep less than 7 hours D. confirm those serious consequences E. suffer sleep problems F. sleep more than 8 hours（分数：1.00）(6).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to 1.（分数：1.00）(7).One of the sleep problems is wakin
26、g in the middle of the night, unable to 1.（分数：1.00）(8).One survey showed that people who habitually 1 each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Some Things We Know about LanguageMany things about language are a mystery, and many will always rema
27、in so. But some things we do know. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother. Furthermore, in historical times, there has ne
28、ver been a race of men without a language. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been
29、 tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.
30、 Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive five than English and Gree
31、k. A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which
32、 do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part
33、 of any language.（分数：15.00）(1).In the second paragraph the author thinks that（分数：3.00）A.some backward race doesn“t have a language of its own.B.some race in history didn“t possess a language of its own.C.any human race, whether backward or not, has a language.D.some races on earth call communicate w
34、ithout language.(2).According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have _ languages.（分数：3.00）A.complicatedB.uncivilizedC.primitiveD.well-known(3).The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are（分数：3.00）A.just as old as some well-known languages.B.just a
35、s sophisticated as some well-known languages.C.more developed than some well-known languages.D.more complex than some well-known languages.(4).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?（分数：3.00）A.A language is a means of expressing a particular culture.B.All languages can well express their res
36、pective cultures.C.American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English.D.Some languages are better than other languages.(5).According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in（分数：3.00）A.grammar.B.pronunciation.C.vocabulary.D.intonation.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Stress Level Tied t
37、o Education LevelPeople with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior. However, the study also found that when less-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.
38、 From this, researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random. Where you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them. The research team interviewed a national sample of 1,031 adults daily for eight
39、 days about their stress level and health. People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days, people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time, and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time. “Less advantaged people ar
40、e less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health.“ lead researcher Dr. Joseph Grzywacz, of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. “The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors and the effect of daily
41、stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged.“ Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic. “If something happens every day, maybe it“s not seen as a stre
42、ssor“ Grzywacz says. “Maybe it is just life.“（分数：15.00）(1).Stress level is closely related to（分数：3.00）A.family size.B.social status.C.body weight.D.work experience.(2).The 1,031 adults were interviewed（分数：3.00）A.on a daily basis for 8 days.B.during one of eight days.C.all by Grzywacz.D.in groups.(3)
43、.Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days?（分数：3.00）A.People without any education.B.People without high school degrees.C.People with high school degrees.D.People with college degrees.(4).The less advantaged people are, the greater（分数：3.00）A.the impact of stress on their health is.B.
44、the effect of education on their health is.C.the level of their education is.D.the degree of their health concern is.(5).Less-educated people report fewer days of stress possibly because（分数：3.00）A.they don“t want to tell the truth.B.they don“t want to face the truth.C.stress is too common a factor i
45、n their life.D.their stress is more acute.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Adaptation of Living ThingsCertain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior character
46、istics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way o
47、f life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun“s energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These a
48、re general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch
49、. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its won environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted
