1、职称英语综合类 B 级-概括大意与完成句子专项突破及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Things to Know about the UK1 From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. Its now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with gre
2、at nightlife and attraction. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping - the UK is among the worlds best.2 Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if youre one of these people, youd be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or
3、 a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. Its certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.3 Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines li
4、ke Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. Where coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. Londons famous black cabs are excell
5、ent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. Londons underground is called the Tube. Its very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.4 The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know som
6、e of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Ot
7、her things like shepherds pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.5 Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbi
8、ng and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.（分数：24.00）(1).A. E
9、ducationB. PeopleC. TransportD. DrinksE. FoodF. NightlifeParagraph 2 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. faster but more expensive than busesB. both ancient and modernC. humorous and hospitableD. cheap and efficie
10、ntE. traditional and famousF. clever and hardworkingThe UK is a country that is _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(6).The British people are _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(7).Coaches in the UK are _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(8).Fish and chips are _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_Can Mobile Phones Cause Disease ?1 “Mobile phone killed my man,“ screame
11、d one headline last year. Also came claims that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly (假定地) showing how mobile phones heat the brain.2 For anyone who uses a mobile phone, these are worrying times. B
12、ut speak to the scientists whose work is the focus of these scares and you will hear a different story. According: to them, there is no evidence that mobile phones cause cancer or any other illness in people.3 What we do have, however, are some results suggesting that mobile phones emissions have a
13、variety of strange effects on living tissue that cant be explained by the general radiation biology. And its only when the questions raised by these experiments are answered that well be able to say for sure what mobile phones might be doing to the head.4 One of the odd effects comes from the now fa
14、mous “memory loss“ study. Alan Preece and his colleagues at the University of Bristol placed a device that imitated the microwave emissions of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers. The volunteers were just as good at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen whethe
15、r or rot the device was switched on. Preece says he still cant comment on the effects of using a mobile phone for years on end. But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities. “Im pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory,“ he says.5
16、Another expert, Tattersall, remarked that his latest findings have removed fears about memory loss. One result, for instance, suggests that nerve cell synapses (突触) exposed to microwaves become more - rather than less - receptive (感受的) to undergoing changes linked to memory formation.6 Hopefully, mi
17、crowaves might turn out to be good for you. It sounds crazy, but a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California found that mice exposed to microwaves for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours when given a cancer-causing chemi
18、cal.（分数：24.00）(1).A. Bad ResultsB. Widespread OppositionC. Groundless AnxietyD. No Effect on Short-term MemoryE. Mysterious EffectsF. Further ReassuranceParagraph 2 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. different me
19、ssagesB. is hopedC. public attentionD. solid evidenceE. attracted public attentionF. public anxietyThere is no _ to indicate that mobile phones cause any illness.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(6).It _ that mobile phones might be good for health.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(7).The safety problem with mobile phones has _.（分数：3
20、.00）填空项 1:_(8).Tattersall said for sure that the _ over memory loss caused by mobile phones was ungrounded.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_Even Intelligent People Ban Fail1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph,
21、watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edisons success in heating a thin
22、 line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, U. S. He did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhatta
23、n, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on September 4, 1882.3 “Many of lifes failures,“ the supreme innovator said, “are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.“ Before that magical moment in October 1879, Ediso
24、n had worked out no fewer than 3, 000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work.4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the companys successes in technology to
25、understanding failure. His popular phrase is: “You only fail when you quit. “5 Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was
26、 so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the U. S. $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.6 Fa
27、ilure is harder to bear in todays open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Re
28、cords (Geffens company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasnt. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.（分数：24.00）(1).A. Importance of learning from failureB.
29、Quality shared by most innovatorsC. Edisons innovationD. Edisons comment on failureE. Contributions made by innovatorsF. Miseries endured by innovatorsParagraph 2 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. he developed 3
30、, 000 theoriesB. he couldnt afford to buy a pair of shoesC. he found himself an unsuccessful manD. they quittedE. an innovation should work immediatelyF. failure is the mother of successPeople often didnt realize how close they were to success when _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(6).Before Henry Ford eventually
31、developed the Model T car, _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(7).Walt Disney was once so poor that _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_(8).The media demand that _.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_Global Warming1 Smoke is clouding our view of global warming, protecting the planet from perhaps three-quarters of the greenhouse (温室) effect. That might s
32、ound like good news, but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses.2 This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top at
33、mospheric scientists got together, including Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UNs Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).3 IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols (浮质) of smoke and other particles from burning rainfo
34、rest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide (二氧化物) emissions. Until now, they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by perhaps a quarter, cutting increases by 0.2. So the 0.6C of warming over the past century would have b
35、een 0.8 without aerosols.4 But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher-aerosols may have reduced global warming by as much as three-quarters, cutting increases by 1.8. If so, the good news is that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it i
36、s now. But the bad news is that the climate system is much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed.5 As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall, that means “dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change“,
37、the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Atmospheric ScientistsB. The Calculations Made at the Berlin WorkshopC. The Previous Calculations of the Effect of AerosolsD. The Scientists AgreementE. The Authoritative ConclusionF. Greenhouse GasesParagraph 2 _（分数：3.50）填空项
38、 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_(5).A. will influence future climate changeB. was somewhat surprisingC. will rise rapidlyD. was known to us allE. was much higher than had been expectedF. will drop dramaticallyWhen the cover dimin
39、ishes in the coming decades, temperature _.（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_(6).The conclusion reached at the Berlin workshop _.（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_(7).The Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure _.（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_(8).The increase of greenhouse gases _.（分数：3.50）填空项 1:_职称英语综合类 B 级-概括大意与完成句子专项突破答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：
40、90 分钟)一、概括大意与完成句子(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Things to Know about the UK1 From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. Its now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraction. Fashions, fine di
41、ning, clubbing, shopping - the UK is among the worlds best.2 Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if youre one of these people, youd be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily d
42、escribe the English people as humorous and hospitable. Its certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.3 Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Train
43、s can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. Where coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. Londons famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper compet
44、itors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. Londons underground is called the Tube. Its very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.4 The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most f
45、amous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherds pie and Yorkshire pu
46、dding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.5 Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of
47、music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.（分数：24.00）(1).A. EducationB. PeopleC. TransportD. DrinksE. FoodF. NightlifeParagraph 2 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）解析：(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）解析：(3).Paragraph 4
