1、职称英语综合类 B 级-8 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.For urban areas this approach was wholly inadequate.（分数：1.00）A.reallyB.basicallyC.fundamentallyD.completely2.You must shine your shoes.（分数：1.00）A.polishB.clearC.washD.mend3.The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline i
2、n September.（分数：1.00）A.playB.sendC.showD.tell4.While we dont agree, we continue to be friends.（分数：1.00）A.BecauseB.WhereC.AlthoughD.Whatever5.They agreed to modify their policy.（分数：1.00）A.clarifyB.changeC.defineD.develop6.Mary has blended the ingredients.（分数：1.00）A.mixedB.madeC.cookedD.eaten7.In judg
3、ing our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently.（分数：1.00）A.thoughtB.accountC.mindD.brain8.Have you talked to her lately?（分数：1.00）A.lastlyB.finallyC.shortlyD.recently9.A notably short man, he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.（分数：1.00）A
4、.practicallyB.considerablyC.remarkablyD.fairly10.The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.（分数：1.00）A.take outB.repairC.push inD.dig11.He endured agonies before he finally expired.（分数：1.00）A.firedB.resignedC.diedD.retreated12.This table is strong and durable.（分数：1.00）A.long-lastingB.extensive
5、C.far-reachingD.eternal13.The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.（分数：1.00）A.staringB.laughingC.shoutingD.smiling14.The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.（分数：1.00）A.secretsB.detailsC.benefitsD.words15.Im content with the way the campaign has gone.（分数：1.00）A.tiedB.satisfied
6、C.filledD.concerned二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请先 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选 B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选 C。B Help Your Child Become a Reader/BEncouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lifelong (终身的) love of reading and can help your child get a hea
7、d start in school. While reading to your child is still the most important thing you can do to build reading skills, there are many techniques that can help.Make reading fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional childrens games can be adapted to encourage reading skills.While rea
8、ding or during play, tell your child, “1 spy with my little eye, something that begins with the letter b.“ Help the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter. For example, “1 see a barn.“ This can also be used to teach beginning letter sounds, “1 spy with my little
9、 eye, something that begins with the sound s.“ Help the child find a word that begins with the “s“ sound.In this variation on the popular game, instruct the child that, “Simon says, point to something that starts with the letter n.“ The child can then find an object in the room or a body part, such
10、as the nose, that starts with the letter presented. This can also be used to teach beginning sounds.Make a game out of rhyming (押韵) words by making up silly words to rhyme with the childs name or favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sound
11、s. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real words to one another.Tips to raise a successful reader:Put books in places where the child plays: If books are easily accessible, children are more likely to pick them up.Let children “read to you“ by looking at pictures. Making up stor
12、ies to go along with illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures.Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctors office or grocery store.Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps build sight vocabulary.（分数：7.00）(1).A
13、good reading habit can help your child do well at school.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Computer games can be used to help children develop their reading skills.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).One of the useful games is to play spy.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B.
14、Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).When playing a game you should ask your child to find something starting with the letter b instead of c.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The purpose of the rhyming games is to make preparations for children to write poems.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong
15、 C.C. Not mentioned(6).You can ask your child to tell stories based on pictures,（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).You should take books with you when you go out with your child.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务
16、：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。B Global Warming/B1 Smoke is clouding our view of global warming, protecting the planet from perhaps three-quarters of the greenhouse (温室) effect. That might sound like good news, but experts say that as the c
17、over diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses.2 This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got together, including Nobel
18、 prizewinner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UNs Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).3 IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols (浮质) of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunl
19、ight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide (二氧化物) emissions. Until now, they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by perhaps a quarter, cutting increases by 0.2. So the 0.6 of warming over the past century would have been 0.8 without aerosols.4 But the Berlin workshop c
20、oncluded that the real figure is even higheraerosols may have reduced global warming by as much as three-quarters, cutting increases by 1.8. If so, the good news is that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it is now. But the bad news is that the climate system is
21、 much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed.5 As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall, that means “dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change“, the scientists agreed in a draft report from the work
22、shop.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).When the cover diminishes in the coming decades, temperature_A. will influence future climate change（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The conclusion reached at the Berl
23、in workshop_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The increase of greenhouse gases_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每道题后面有 4 个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB Sleepless at Night/BIt was a normal summ
24、er night. Humidity (湿气) hung in the thick air.I couldnt go to sleep, partly because of my cold and partly because of my expectations for the next day. My mum had said that tomorrow was going to be a surprise.Sweat stuck to my aching body. Finally, I gathered enough strength to sit up. I looked out o
25、f my small window into the night. There was a big bright moon hanging in the sky, giving off a magic glow.I couldnt stand the pressure anymore, so I did what I always do to make myself feel better. I went to the bathroom and picked up my toothbrush and toothpaste. I cleaned my teeth as if there was
26、no tomorrow. Back and forth, up and down.Then I walked downstairs to look for some signs of movement, some life. Gladiator, my cat, frightened me as he meowed (喵喵地唱出) his sad song. He was on the old orange couch (长沙发), sitting up on his front legs, waiting for something to happen. He looked at me as
27、 if to say, “Im lonely, pet me. I need a good hug (紧抱).“ Even the couch begged me to sit on it.In one movement I settled down onto the soft couch. This couch represented my parents marriage, my birth, and hundreds of other little events.As I held Gladiator, my heart started beating heavily. My mind
28、was flooded with questions: Whats life? Am I really alive? Are you listening to me? Every time I moved my hand down Gladiators body, I had a new thought; each touch sang a different song.I forgot all about the heat and the next days surprise. The atmosphere was so full of warmth and silence that I s
29、ank into its arms. Falling asleep with the big cat in my arms, I felt all my worries slowly move away.（分数：15.00）(1).The author of the passage could not go to sleep partly because（分数：3.00）A.it was too cold.B.it was too dry.C.he had a cold.D.he had a fever.(2).What was the weather like that night?（分数：
30、3.00）A.It was chilly.B.It was windy.C.It was fine.D.It was cloudy,(3).The author brushed his teeth over and over（分数：3.00）A.to relieve himself of the pressure.B.to ease his toothache.C.to shake off the cold.D.to remove the dirt.(4).Gladiator was the name of（分数：3.00）A.a movie.B.a pet.C.a couch.D.a son
31、g.(5).What did the couch represent?（分数：3.00）A.A new thought.B.Different songs:C.A comfortable life.D.Happy memories.B第二篇/BB Ancient Egypt Brought Down by Famine/BEven ancient Egypts mighty pyramid (金字塔) builders were powerless in the face of the famine (饥荒) that helped bring down their civilization
32、around 2180 BC. Now evidence collected from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blameand the same or worse could happen today.The ancient Egyptians depended on the Niles annual floods to irrigate their crops. But any
33、 change in climate that pushed the African monsoons (季风) southwards out of Ethiopia would have reduced these floods.Declining rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stabilize the soil. When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and int
34、o Egypt, along with sediment (沉积) from the White Nile.Blue Nile mud has a different isotope (同位素) signature from that of the White Nile. So by analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta, Michael Krom of Leeds University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each bran
35、ch of the river.Krem reasons that during periods of drought, the amount of Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high. He found that one of these periods, from 4500 to 4200 years ago, immediately came before the fall of the Egypts Old Kingdom.The weakened waters would have been disaster for
36、 the Egyptians. “Changes that affect food supply dont have to be very large to have a ripple (波浪) effect in societies,“ says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York.Similar events today could be even more devastating, says team member Daniel Stanley, a scientist from the Smiths
37、onian Institution in Washington DC. “Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the populations have increased dramatically.“（分数：15.00）(1).Why does the author mention ,Egypts mighty pyramid builders“?（分数：3.00）A.Because they once
38、worked miracles.B.Because they were well-built.C.Because they were actually very weak.D.Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization.(2).Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for bringing down the civilization of ancient Egypt?（分数：3.00）A.Change of climate.B.Corrupti
39、on.C.Flood.D.Population growth.(3).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：3.00）A.The White Nile is the trunk of the River Nile.B.The White Nile is the trunk of the Blue Nile.C.The White Nile is a branch of the Blue Nile.D.The White Nile is a branch of the River Nile.(4).According to Krom, the
40、 Egypts Old Kingdom fell（分数：3.00）A.immediately after a period of drought.B.immediately after a period of flood.C.just before a drought struck.D.just before a flood struck.(5).The word “devastating“ in the last paragraph could be best replaced by（分数：3.00）A.“frustrating“.B.“damaging“.C.“defeating“.D.“
41、worrying“.B第三篇/BB Technology Transfer in Germany/BWhen it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosp
42、erity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes t
43、hat exists solely to solve industrial problems and create soght-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the fe
44、deral programmes for pumping money into start-up companies,Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every sci
45、entist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家 the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small
46、 businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays
47、the greatest role in technology transfer.Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people, It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Be
48、rlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.（分数：15.00）(1).What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?（分数：3.00）A.Technology transfer,B.Good management.C.Hard work.D.Fierce competition.(2).Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?（分数：3.00）A.It is free.B.It is profit-driven.C.It is widely available.D.It is curiosity-driven.(4).When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?（分数：3.00）A.In 1940.B.Last year.C.After the unification.D.In 1949.(5).The word “expertise“ in line 3 could be best replaced by（分数：3.00）A.“experts“.B.“scientists“.C.“scholars“.D.
