1、职称英语综合类 B级-74 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.（分数：1.00）A.attractB.encourageC.spendD.require2.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.（分数：1.00）A.criticalB.necessaryC.normalD.terrible3.Our bodies are strengthene
2、d by taking exercise. Similarly , our minds are developed by learning.（分数：1.00）A.ProbablyB.LikelyC.As suchD.Generally4.The shopkeeper gave us short weight : we got 9 kilos instead of 10 kilos.（分数：1.00）A.sizeB.measureC.volumeD.mass5.We“ll give every teacher space to develop.（分数：1.00）A.chanceB.employm
3、entC.roomD.opportunity6.We were all there when the accident occurred .（分数：1.00）A.happenedB.brokeC.spreadD.appeared7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.（分数：1.00）A.easyB.possibleC.likelyD.difficult8.The finance minister has not been so popular since he ra
4、ised taxes to such a high level.（分数：1.00）A.admiredB.well-knownC.favorableD.preferable9.Many new chances will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.（分数：1.00）A.opportunitiesB.realitiesC.necessitiesD.probabilities10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps .（分数：1.00）A.loads
5、B.layersC.pyramidsD.piles11.The standards set four years ago in Seoul will be far below the athletes“ capabilities now.（分数：1.00）A.capacitiesB.strengthsC.possibilitiesD.abilities12.The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.
6、（分数：1.00）A.demandedB.elicitedC.extractedD.defied13.It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to re-wards .（分数：1.00）A.payB.prizesC.awardsD.results14.Her work is often very hard and she gets very tired. The work is tedious .（分数：1.00）A.wonderfulB.splendidC.tir
7、esomeD.magnificent15.Her sister urged her to apply“ for the job.（分数：1.00）A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)New Product Will Save LivesDrinking water that looks clean may still contain bugs(虫子), which can cause illness. A small company called Genera Technologies has produc
8、ed a testing method in three stages, which shows whether water is safe. The new test shows if water needs chemicals added to it, to destroy anything harmful. It was invented by scientist Dr. Adrian Parton, who started Gen-era five years ago. He and his employees have developed the test together with
9、 a British water company. Andy Headland, Genera“s marketing director, recently presented the test at a conference in the USA and forecast good American sales for it. Genera has already sold of its tests at $ 42,500 a time in the UK and has a further four on order. It expects to sell another 25 tests
10、 be-fore the end of March. The company says it is the only test in the UK to be approved by the government. Genera was formed five years ago and until October last year had only five employees; it now employs 14. Mr Headland believes that the company should make around $ 19 million by the end of the
11、 year in the UK alone.（分数：7.00）(1).Genera Technologies has developed a method that determines whether water is clean.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).Before he set up Genera, Dr. Parton had worked for a British water company.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).The new product has been
12、 a commercial success in the USA.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).Each of the tests costs $ 42,500.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).Genera Technologies orders 25 more tests before the end of the year.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).The British government is helping Dr. Pa
13、rton to sell the tests abroad.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Genera has increased the number of its employees recently.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Washoe Learned American Sign Language1. An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chi
14、mpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the fir
15、st non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language. 2. Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe“s progress in a scientific report. The p
16、eople who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, “Who is coming to play?“ Once the news about Washoe spread, many lang
17、uage scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed. 3. However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills
18、. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe“s keepers disagree. Roger Fours is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe tau
19、ght sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive. 4. Scientists like private researcher Jane Good all believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skill with chimps. Part of the reason
20、 is that this kind of research takes a very long time. 5. Debate continues about chimps“ understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sureWashoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence. A. Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowadays B. Repo
21、rt about Washoe“s Progress in Learning Sign Language C. General Information about Washoe D. The Gardeners“ Contributions Recognized E. Debate on Chimps“ Intelligence F. Washoe“s Love for Three Young Chimps（分数：8.00）(1).Paragragh 1 1（分数：1.00）(2).Paragragh 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragragh 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Para
22、gragh 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).A. if the Gardeners“ argument was sound B. because she was cleverer than other chimps C. when she wanted to eat D. while she was at a research center in Ellensburg E. because she could use sign language to ask for fruits F. while Washoe was learning sign language Washoe could m
23、ake signs to communicate 1.（分数：1.00）(6).Some scientists doubted 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The State of Marriage TodayIs there something ser
24、iously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded; almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokes
25、person for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now. But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy? The answer to the fi
26、rst question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didn“t have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number
27、of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so they don“t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage. In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen
28、very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now cohabit and don“t bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of first marriages survive. The statistics are de
29、ceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in-first marriages. So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn“t. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single p
30、eople: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!（分数：15.00）(1).Which
31、is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today?（分数：3.00）A.Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.B.Half of the married couples get divorced.C.American people marry more than four times.D.More and more people are getting divorced.(2).What does “this is no longer the case“ in par
32、agraph two mean?（分数：3.00）A.It is not necessary to get married any more.B.Women do not need a husband any longer.C.Women are not economically dependent any more.D.Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.(3).Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears?（分数：3.00）A.Many people
33、still like to get married.B.The rate of divorce has actually decreased.C.Over 50% of the marriages continue to exist.D.The statistics of divorce is not quite true.(4).How do people usually feel in their marriage life?（分数：3.00）A.They are much healthier.B.They feel no longer single.C.They are more sat
34、isfied.D.They suffer a lot less.(5).Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.There will be more relationships outside marriage.B.Many people try to get married again after divorce.C.Marriage has long been partly an economical need.D.It is a fact that most peop
35、le choose to get married.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at
36、 any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of soci
37、ety to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In mos
38、t contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people
39、were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle aged people, unless they have wealth or
40、private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare“ if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home un
41、til they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are
42、sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping grounds“ for the dying in which “care“ is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.（分数：15.00）(1).The writer believes that the population explosion resu
43、lts from _.（分数：3.00）A.an increase in birthratesB.the industrial developmentC.a decrease in death ratesD.cultural advances(2).It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _.（分数：3.00）A.it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people aliveB.infants could be left dead
44、 in times of starvationC.parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their childrenD.death was considered to be freedom from hardships(3).According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true?（分数：3.00）A.Many of them have a very ha
45、rd life.B.They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.C.They rely mainly on their children for financial support.D.Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.(4).In Paragraph 3, the phrase “this need“ refers to _.（分数：3.00）A.the need to prolong the lives
46、of old peopleB.the need to enrich the life of the retired peopleC.the need to build profit-making nursing homesD.the need to take care of a sick and weak person(5).Which of the following best describes the writer“s attitude toward most of the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals?（分数：3.00）A.Sympa
47、thetic.B.Unfriendly.C.Optimistic.D.Critical.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Royal Shakespeare CompanyStratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industryWilliam Shakespearebut there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents s
48、uperb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway“s Cottage, Shakespeare birthplace and the other sights. The worthy residents of Stratford doubt t
49、hat the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC“s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It“s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by busand often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the sidedon“t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage
