1、职称英语综合类 B 级-70 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I remember seeing her somewhere previously .（分数：1.00）A.beforeB.aheadC.seldomD.secretly2.They had only a vague idea where the place was.（分数：1.00）A.impreciseB.conciseC.unpolishedD.elementary3.Only his relatives knew he had a fat
2、al illness.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.deadlyC.seriousD.unknown4.You can mock , but at least I am willing to have a try.（分数：1.00）A.smile atB.look down onC.belittleD.laugh at5.Crowing levels of pollution represent a serious health hazard to the local population.（分数：1.00）A.protectionB.indicationC.immunityD.da
3、nger6.Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.（分数：1.00）A.expressiveB.physicalC.exaggeratedD.dubious7.Only those over 70 are eligible for the special payment.（分数：1.00）A.competitiveB.diligentC.qualifiedD.adopted8.The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man.（分数：1.
4、00）A.leftB.given upC.turned downD.refused9.Early booking is advisable .（分数：1.00）A.possibleB.profitableC.easyD.wise10.The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to it.（分数：1.00）A.attackedB.surprisedC.attractedD.interested11.We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt.（分数：1.00）A.steadyB.pl
5、entifulC.extraD.meager12.They all agreed that the changes that have taken place are substantial .（分数：1.00）A.significantB.superficialC.inadequateD.inevitable13.The operation could prolong his life by two or three years.（分数：1.00）A.broadenB.worsenC.extendD.accelerate14.They are unwilling to invest any
6、more money in the project.（分数：1.00）A.unableB.indecisiveC.readyD.reluctant15.The hotel staff are friendly and courteous .（分数：1.00）A.efficientB.respectableC.well-informedD.respectful二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Only Way Is UpThink of a modern city and the first image that comes to mind is the skyli
7、ne. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don“t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers
8、. When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building
9、upwards. The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or
10、 home. Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the liftor elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and dev
11、elop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling th
12、e idea to architects and builders. A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied ani
13、mals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts. “It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with usand you just can“t choose to move away,“ says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. “Being trapped in this setti
14、ng can create different types of tensions,“ he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice
15、 them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes. Don“t worry about them. They are probably from a university.（分数：7.00）(1).Some cities concerned with past permit buildings to go above a certain height.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).In a modem city, there has been buil
16、t many skyscrapers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The best way to make money out of city land is to build upwards for more people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The technology of building upwards existed in the early 19th century.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Otis s
17、old immediately the idea of the lift to architects and builders.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Going in a lift is convenient every day.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).People trapped in this lift have different types of tensions.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意
18、与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Adult Education1 Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling
19、, get new skills or job training, find out new technological developments, seek better self-understanding, or develop new talents and skills. 2 This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may a
20、lso be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations. 3 Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking p
21、lace: people were moving from rural areas to cities; new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and reeducation of adults. 4 The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s,
22、 with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727. 5 People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of
23、 employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Necessi
24、ty for Developing Adult Education B. Early Days of Adult Education C. Ways of Receiving Adult Education D. Growth of Adult Education E. Institutions of Adult Education F. Definition of Adult Education（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Some adul
25、ts want to learn 1. A. by social and economic changes B. guided self-study and correspondence courses C. by studying together with children D. what they did not manage to learn earlier E. dates back to the eighteenth century F. mass production（分数：1.00）(6).There are various forms of adult education,
26、including 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Adult education has been made necessary 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The earliest organized adult education 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professi
27、onals. In the past, these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some journals are published only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association , are co
28、nsidered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varyi
29、ng from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature. Because the results of individual research studies can b
30、e affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease. Case conferences and ease reports may be published in medical journals to educate p
31、hysicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue. Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other inf
32、ormation on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.（分数：15.00）(1).The main readers of medical journals are _.（分数：3.00）A.the general publicB.health professionalsC.medic
33、al criticsD.news reporters(2).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.Many medical journals also are published online.B.A few medical journals are general medical journals.C.Most medical journals are published only online.D.Most medical journals are specialty journals.(3).How many m
34、ajor types of articles are mentioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Five.B.Seven.C.Four.D.Six.(4).An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called _.（分数：3.00）A.a research articleB.a review articleC.a case reportD.an editorial(5).Letters to the editor enable readers of a
35、medical journal to express comments on _.（分数：3.00）A.any medical eventB.articles published in the same issueC.articles published in that journalD.medical development六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Preserving Nature for FutureDemands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that si
36、milar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 45 percent of reptile (爬行类的) species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out. European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr. Peter Baum, an expert in t
37、he environment and natural resources division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council“s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr. Peter Baum had come to p
38、resent it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr. Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environment needed to be allowed to survive in pea
39、ce in their own right. “No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction, “he went on. The short-sighted (眼光短浅的) view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as p
40、laces to preserve nature for the future. “We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which any built-up area ultimately depends,“ Dr. Bantu went on, “we could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which
41、 are the original parts of our countryside, have shrunk to become mere(纯粹的) islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land mass.“（分数：15.00）(1).Recent studies by the council of Europe have indicated that _.（分数：3.00）A.wildlife needs more protection only in BritainB.all species of wildlife in Europe are
42、 in danger of dying outC.there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhereD.many species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting(2).Why did Dr. Baum come to a British national park?（分数：3.00）A.Because he needed to present it with a council“s diploma.B.Because
43、he was concerned about its management.C.Because it was the only national park of its kind in Europe.D.Because it was the only park which had ever received a diploma from the Council.(3).The last sentence in the second paragraph implies that _.（分数：3.00）A.people should make every effort to create mere
44、 environment areasB.people would go on protecting national parksC.certain areas of countryside should be left intactD.people would defend the right to develop the areas around national parks(4).In Dr. Baum“s opinion, the view that a nature reserve should serve as a tourist attraction is _.（分数：3.00）A
45、.idealisticB.revolutionaryC.short-sightedD.traditional(5).Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.We have developed industry at the expense of countryside.B.We have forgotten what our original countryside looked like.C.People living on islands should protect natural
46、 resources for their survival.D.We should destroy all the built-up areas.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Tales of the Terrible PastIt is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner, storytellers can bring earlier eras to life a
47、nd force readers to consider them seriously. Among those taking on the task of recounting history are some black writers who attempt to examine slavery from different points of view. Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy of slavery in her book Beloved . The main
48、 character in this novel, a former slave called Sethe, lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War, but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories. Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences, the reader learns how and why Sethe escaped from the plantation she had lived on
49、; the fate of her husband, who also tried to escape; and finally, what happened to the child called Beloved. Morrison“s scenes of torture and murder are vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners. Charles Johnson“s Middle Passage approaches slavery from a different, yet no less violent, vantage point. His main character, Rutherford Calhoun, is a ne“er-do-well free black American who stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its “cargo“. Put to work after he is discovered, Calhoun witnesses firsthand the a
