1、职称英语综合类 B级-57 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A. force B. influence C. surprise D. power（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Can you follow the plot?A. change B. investigate C. write D. understand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Even in a
2、 highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A. physical B. mental C. natural D. hard（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A. result B. judgment C. decision D. event（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Norman Blarney is an artist of deep convictions.A. statements B. belief
3、s C. suggestions D. claims（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Up to now, the work has been easy.A. So B. So long C. So that D. So far（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The report advocated setting up day training colleges.A. supposed B. excited C. suggested D. discussed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Accordingly, a number of other methods have
4、been employed.A. Therefore B. Afterwards C. However D. Furthermore（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.A. view B. sight C. look D. point（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A. tensely B. nearly C. carefully D. closely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.
5、D.11.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A. explained B. invented C. considered D. accepted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.He talks tough but has a tender heart.A. heavy B. strong C. kind D. wild（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A. making
6、B. taking C. discussing D. expecting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A. waste B. buy C. use D. sell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A. function B. ability C. power D. volume（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，
7、分数：7.00)HerculesOnce upon a time there was a great Greek hero, Hercules. He was taller and stronger than anyone you have ever seen. On his shoulder he carried a club and in his hand he held a bow (弓). He was known as the hero of a hundred adventures.Hercules served a king. The king was afraid of him
8、. So again and again he sent him on difficult tasks. One morning the king sent for him and told him to fetch three golden apples for him from the garden of the Singing Maidens (歌女). But no one knew where the garden was.So Hercules went away. He walked the whole day and the next day and the next. He
9、walked for months before he saw mountains far in the distance one fine morning. One of the mountains was in the shape of a man, with long, long legs and arms and huge shoulders and a huge head. He was holding up the sky. Hercules knew it was Atlas, the Mountain God. So he asked him for help.Atlas an
10、swered, “My head and arms and shoulders all ache. Could you hold up the sky while I fetch the golden apples for you?“Hercules climbed the mountain and shouldered the sky. Soon the sky grew very heavy. When finally Atlas came back with three golden apples, he said, “Well, you are going to carry the m
11、ountain for ever. Im going to see the king with the apples. “Hercules knew that he couldnt fight him because of the sky on his back. So he shouted:“Just one minutes help. My shoulders are hurting. Hold the sky for a minute while I make a cushion (垫子) for my shoulders.“Atlas believed him. He threw do
12、wn the apples and held up the sky.Hercules picked up the apples and ran back to see the king.（分数：7.00）(1).Hercules was the tallest man in the world.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Hercules worked in the kings garden.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).Hercules w
13、as given many difficult tasks because the king wanted to get rid of him.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Atlas was the giant who held up the sky.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).Atlas ran faster than Hercules.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6
14、).Atlas got the golden apples for Hercules because he wanted to be the king himself.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Hercules finally managed to get the apples by defeating Atlas.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Successful Language
15、Learners1. Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for t
16、hem? Perhaps if we take a dose look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.2. First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their o
17、wn way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes.3. Successful la
18、nguage learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are no
19、t afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every w
20、ord.4. Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They fin
21、d it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.5. What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been l
22、ess than successful, you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Ways to Learn a Language SuccessfullyB. Learning a Language PurposefullyC. Learning a Language ActivelyD. Learning a Language IndependentlyE. Learning from MistakesF. Learning to Think in the Target Lang
23、uageParagraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rulesB. to expand vocabularyC. to use the target languageD. to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn in
24、dependently, actively and purposefullyE. from cluesF. to say strange thingsSuccessful language learners derive conclusions _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Independent language learners rely on themselves _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Active language learners seize every opportunity _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The author wr
25、ote this text _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Water ResourceHumanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱)are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products
26、are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the worldif we start valuing water more than we have
27、 in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.Instead, for a
28、ll uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound w
29、ays. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation (灌溉)water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland.No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change thei
30、r institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the real caus
31、e of the potential water crisis?A. Only half of the worlds water can be used.B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.C. Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).As indicated in
32、the passage, the water problem _.A. is already serious in certain parts of the worldB. has been exaggerated by some experts in the fieldC. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsD. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to t
33、he author, the water price should _.A. be reduced to the minimumB. stimulate domestic demandC. correspond to its real valueD. take into account the occurrences of droughts（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to _.A. build big lakes to store waterB. cons
34、truct big pumping stationsC. build small and cheap irrigation systemsD. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to _.A. guarantee full protection of the environmentB. centralize the management of
35、water resourcesC. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levelsD. encourage local and regional control of water resources（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Lifetime Employment in Japanese CompaniesIn most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What th
36、is means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is
37、 free from the fear of being laid off.One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to ones company is cons
38、idered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put his firms interests before those of his immediate family.The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is b
39、ecause they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time. They can afford to take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.This marriage between the employee and the company the consequence of lifetime employmentmay explain why Japanese workers seem positively
40、to love. the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.（分数：15.00）(1).Lifetime employment in Japanese companies means that the employee _.A. leaves his
41、company only when business is badB. gets a job soon after he leaves school or universityC. can work there throughout his careerD. can have his serious mistakes in work corrected（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Family and company interests are equally important.B
42、. The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.C. Ones future is guaranteed through hard work.D. Devotion to ones company is encouraged.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Lifetime employment influences ones _.A. achievements at workB. performance at workC. career optionsD. attitude toward work（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D
43、.(4).The Japanese worker is fond of his companys products because of _.A. his marriage with the daughter of the presidentB. the close link between him and his companyC. his willingness to work overtimeD. his active participation in quality control（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage mainly discusses _.A
44、. how lifetime employment works in JapanB. what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workersC. what lifetime employment isD. how lifetime employment is viewed（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)VolcanoesThere are thousands of volcanoes (火山) all over the world. What makes volcanoes?
45、 What happens?The inside of the earth is very hot. Because it is very, very hot, the rock has melted like ice. It has become liquid, like water. It is always boiling, like water in a kettle. If you have seen a kettle boiling, you know that the steam and boiling water try to get out. The very hot mel
46、ted rock inside the earth also tries to get out. Usually it cannot because the outside of the earth is too thick and strong.But in some places the outside of the earth is thin and weak. Sometimes a crack appears. The hot melted rock, which we call “lava“ (熔岩), pushes out through the crack and bursts
47、 through. Steam and gas shoot up into the air and the hot melted lava pours out. Big pieces of rock may be thrown high into the air.After a while the volcano becomes quiet again. The melted lava becomes hard. Later the same thing happens again and again. Each time more hot lava pours out on top of t
48、he cold lava and then becomes hard. In this way a kind of mountain is built up, with a hole down the middle. Perhaps the volcano will then be quiet. Perhaps it will start again hundreds of years later.Vesuvius is the name of a very famous volcano in Italy. It first came to life many, many years ago.
49、 It was quiet for hundreds of years. Then in the year 79 it suddenly burst. A great cloud of smoke shot up into the sky with great burning rocks. Hot lava poured down its sides. About 3,000 people were killed.This has happened again many times since that year. Sometimes no damage was caused, or only little damage. But there was serious damage in the years 472, 1631, 179
