1、职称英语综合类 B 级-46 及答案解析(总分：105.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.If the weatherman has predicted accurately, tomorrow will be a perfect day for our picnic.Aastutely Bcorrectly Ccarefully Dacutely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Safety is always our primary concern.A. least B. secondary C. last D. chief（分
2、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.A. puzzling B. difficultC. terrifying D. urgent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money.A. at any place B. at any price C. in any language D.
3、in any country（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.A. secrets B. detailsC. benefits D. words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.A. permanent B. powerful C. striking D. practical（分数：1.0
4、0）A.B.C.D.7.Jack was dismissed.AfiredBfinedCexhaustedDcriticized（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Jack eventually overtook the last truck.A. hit B. passedC. reached D. led（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Swimming will be banned in this lake.A. forbidden B. allowed C. permitted D. promoted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The conclusion can b
5、e deduced from the premises.A. gone B. derivedC. done D. come（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.What were the effects of the decision she made?A. reasons B. results C. causes D. bases（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Every week the magazine presents the profile of a well-known sports personality.A. success B. description C. evi
6、dence D. plan（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The latest census is encouraging.A. statement B. assessmentC. evaluation D. count（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Shes one of the smartest students in the whole school.A. most beautiful B. cleverestC. cunning D. hardest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.She stood there trembling with fear.A. ju
7、mping B. crying C. swaying D. shaking（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)1. Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents DifferentlyMale pilots flying general aviating(private) aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision - making, while female pilo
8、ts are more likely to crash from mishandling the aircraft. These are the results of a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health.The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilo
9、ts error involved. “Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots, as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that of crashes of female pilots,“ explains Susan P. Baker. MPH, professor of health policy and managemen
10、t at the Bloomberg School of Public Health. “Because pilot youth and inexperience are established contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash. “The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research
11、 project on pilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 reale pilots aged 40 -63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1 : 2 ratio, by age, classes of medical a
12、nd pilot certificates, state or area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender.The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance for both
13、 sexes, leading to 59 percent of female pilots crashes and 36 percent of males. Experiencing mechanical failure, running out of fuel, and landing the plane with the landing gear up were among the factors more likely with males ,while stalling(失速) was more likely with females.The majority of the cras
14、hes - 95 percent for females and 88 percent for males - involved at least one type of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more common among females( accounting for 81 percent of the crashes)than males (accounting for 48 percent). Males, howeve
15、r, appeared more likely to be guilty of poor decision - making, risk - taking, and inattentiveness, examples of which include misjudging weather and visibility or flying an aircraft with a known defect. Females, though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft, were generally more car
16、eful than their male counterparts.（分数：7.00）(1).Male pilots are more likely to crastl than female pilots.A. Right B. Wrnng C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Crashes of private aircraft account for only a small part of aviation accidents.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).It is alre
17、ady known that aircraft crashes are mostly caused by young and inexperienced pilots.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Both male and female pilots flying general aviating(private) aircraft are under great stress.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).The research data
18、 involved more than 400 pilots aged 40 -63.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).The majority of the crashes are due to bad weather conditions.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Loss of control on landing or takeoff and stalling is the most common error of crash with
19、 female pilots.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：12.00)Icebergs1 Icebergs are among natures most spectacular(壮观的) creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into beingsomewherein faraway, frigid water
20、s, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence, which in most case no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away(消融) just as unnoticed.2 Objects of sheerest(最纯粹的) beauty they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white,
21、 or they may be glassy blue, green or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiringin calm, sunlight seas.3 But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they arein the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe
22、 distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them.4 Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, drift into the water, float about awhil
23、e, and finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a litt
24、le or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries. As each years snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned t
25、o icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crys
26、tals merged into a solid mass of ice.AFormation of IcebergBIceberg Is BeautifulCColor of IcebergDIceberg Is DangerousE. Iceberg Is MysteriousF. Classification of Iceberg（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.
27、00）填空项 1:_A New Citizenship Test1 Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship (公民身份) exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (US-CIS). It will be tried out in 10 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008. Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has,
28、 as the current test does, the new one asks why there are 13 stripes. Instead of having to name the branches of government, an applicant is asked to explain why there are three.2 “The goal is to make it more meaningful,“ explains Emilio Gonzalez, director of the US-CIS. Immigrants who pass it are ex
29、pected to have a better “understanding and respect“ for US civic (公民的) values, Gonzalez says.3 The US isnt the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a “shared commitment“ from immigrants for their adopted countrys “values“. In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement
30、of language/work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nu
31、de (裸体的) women bathing at beaches and gay (同性恋的) men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that “newcomers will be comfortable with the countrys liberal social mores (风俗)“.4 Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades. But, today, the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart fro
32、m local citizens by culture and they become hostile to each other. Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries, after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes (少数民族聚居区 ) in France and the killing of Dutch public figures by religious extremists.5 Officials believe that a persons att
33、achment to a country can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country. However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate (同化) themselves. “Immigration is a culture war today. Is giving a new test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?“ says Ali No
34、orani , of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition (难民辩护联盟).（分数：8.00）(1).A Preparation for taking a citizenship testB Citizenship tests in European countriesC Importance of promoting integrationD Necessity to know the branches of governmentE Different views on the new citizenship
35、testF Goal of the new citizenship test23. Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A to know a lot more about the countryB to watch a videoC to help immigrants accept the new cultureD to marry American citizen
36、sE to do low-skill jobsF to answer27. The questions in the new citizenship test are more difficult _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Would-be immigrants to the US ara expected _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).In the Dutch citizenship test, all would-be immigrants are required _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Some people fear that ch
37、anges in the citizenship test will do little _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Driven to DistractionJoe Coyne slides into the drivers seat, starts up the car and heads to town. The empty stretch of interstate gives way to urban congestion, and Coyne hits the brakes a
38、s a pedestrian suddenly crosses the street in front of him.But even if he hadnt stopped in time, the woman would have been safe. She isnt real. Neither is the town. And Coyne isnt really driving. Coyne is demonstrating a computerized driving simulator that is helping researchers at Old Dominion Univ
39、ersity (ODU) examine how in-vehicle guidance systems affect the person behind the wheel.The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, are too distracting or whether any distractions are offset by the benefits drivers get from having help finding their way in
40、 unfamiliar locations.“Were looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers,“ said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor leading the research, which involves measuring drivers reaction time and brain activity as they respond to auditory and visual Cues.The researchers just comp
41、leted a study of the mental workload involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy vs. light traffic. Preliminary results show that as people “get into more challenging driving situations, they dont have any extra mental energy to respond to something else in the environment,
42、“ Baldwin said.But the tradeoffs could be worth it, she said. The next step is to test different ways of giving drivers navigational information and how those methods change the drivers mental workload.“Is it best if they see a picture.that shows their position, a map kind of display?“ Baldwin said.
43、 “Is it best if they hear it?“Navigational systems now on the market give point-by-point directions that follow a prescribed route. “Theyre very unforgiving,“ Baldwin said. “If you miss a turn, they can almost seem to get angry.“That style of directions also can be frustrating for people who prefer
44、more general instructions. But such broad directions can confuse drivers who prefer route directions, Baldwin said.Perhaps manufacturers should allow drivers to choose the style of directions they want, or modify systems to present some information in a way that makes sense10 for people who prefer t
45、he survey style, she said.Interestingly, other research has shown that about 60 percent of men prefer the survey style, while 60 percent women prefer the route style, Baldwin said. This explains the classic little thing of why men dont like to stop and ask for directions and women do, Baldwin added.
46、（分数：15.00）(1).Which statement is true of the description in the first two paragraphs?A. If Coyne had stopped the car in time, he wouldnt have hit the woman.B. The woman would have been knocked over, if Coyne had followed the traffic regulations.C. Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for
47、him to have hit the woman.D. If the woman had not crossed the street suddenly, Coyne would not have hit her.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What do researchers want to find out, according to the third and fourth paragraphs?A. Whether or not audible or written directions are distracting.B. How long it will take
48、 the driver to respond to auditory and visual stimuli.C. How the driver perform under certain mental workload.D. All of the above.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What are the preliminary results given in the fifth paragraph?A. Drivers are afraid of getting into challenging driving situations.B. In challenging driving situations, drivers still have extra energy to handle other things.C. In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something else.D. Drivers mental load remains unchanged under different situations.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The sixth paragraph
