1、职称英语综合类 B 级-44 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.When a liquid boils,it becomes a gas.（分数：1.00）A.vaporB.dangerC.fuelD.bubble2.Although a newspapers primary function is to inform,special features are usually included for entertainment.（分数：1.00）A.jointlyB.cautiouslyC.commonlyD
2、.intentionally3.Throughout most of their lives,human beings perpetually learn and increase their mental capacities.（分数：1.00）A.actuallyB.readilyC.finallyD.constantly4.The United States is trying to deal with the serious problems brought on by the energy crisis.（分数：1.00）A.dispenseB.copeC.cooperateD.in
3、teract5.Eleanor Roosevelts dedication to humanitarian causes won her affection and honor at home and abroad.（分数：1.00）A.on the airB.henceforthC.nearbyD.in foreign countries6.Mary boasted that she would succeed where others had failed.（分数：1.00）A.threatenedB.warnedC.braggedD.joked7.Project Skylab was d
4、esigned to demonstrate that a person can work and live in space for prolonged periods without ill effects.（分数：1.00）A.unexpectedB.obviousC.adverseD.immediate8.The scientist and agricultural innovator George Washington Carver aided the economy of the South by developing hundreds of commercial uses for
5、 crops such as the peanut.（分数：1.00）A.restoredB.stabilizedC.helpedD.changed9.By the time he was ten years old, Beniamin Oliver Davis Jr. had already decided his career would be in the air force.（分数：1.00）A.uniformB.vocationC.educationD.rank10.The works of Walt Whitman had a lasting effect on the devel
6、opment of modern American poetry.（分数：1.00）A.an enduringB.an unknownC.a startlingD.a final11.An introverted person is inclined to be moody.（分数：1.00）A.fancifulB.changeableC.depressedD.gloomy12.Students working toward a degree in business are likely candidates for careers in the banking industry.（分数：1.
7、00）A.livelyB.friendlyC.promisingD.sophisticated13.Before the invention of photoengraving, steel and copperplate engraving served as the principal means of reproducing illustrations.（分数：1.00）A.visionsB.picturesC.advertisementsD.pages14.A dream usually consists of visual images that tell a story.（分数：1
8、.00）A.graphicsB.vaporsC.picturesD.fantasies15.A fundamental premise of a free-enterprise economic system is that all small businesses face difficult competition.（分数：1.00）A.confrontB.mockC.loseD.appreciate二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)How to Design Kitchen WellOver the years economic, social and techno
9、logical factors have influenced the design of kitchens. Since it is often used simultaneously by both family members as well as guests, the kitchen requires not only a glamorous look hut a practical one. Also,the design elements must meet the needs of the modern family.Environmental concerns have ha
10、d an enormous impact on kitchen design. This concern includes recycling of household materials,as well as energy efficient appliances and the purity of both water and air. Research shows that up to 85 percent of the population is concerned about what might be in their drinking water. They are also o
11、ften dissatisfied with the taste and odor of what comes out of their tap. This is why its important to consider adding a water filter system.The character of todays kitchen is very different from the way it was thirty years ago. Theres more sophistication in food preparation, and more technological
12、help with cooking and clean up.When choosing cabinets, first consider the style. Use the architectural style of your house as a guide. Because cabinets are a big investment,it is best to choose quality. Popular styles in kitchen cabinets are framed panel doors with raised or recessed panels of wood,
13、cabinet fronts with glass panes,or simple slab doors in a rich painted or laminated finish. Cabinet pulls, handles and knobs are offered in a myriad of designs and finishes. Treat hardware as jewelry and dont be afraid to mix and match styles.Because many of todays kitchens consist of two or more co
14、oks sharing in the meal preparation, there is a need for more counter space, cooktops and sinks. Although lifestyles are changing,the primary function of the kitchen as an area for preparing food has remained unchanged. The sink remains one of the most used areas in the kitchen as well as an importa
15、nt decorative statement.Appliance technology is moving at a very fast pace. Choosing what type of appliances as well as how many will depend on several factors such as how often and how much you cook and the size of your kitchen.Dont limit yourself to one of each kind of appliance. You can have a re
16、frigerator in one place and a freezer in a separate area or two sets of cooktops,one on the counter next to the wall oven and one on an island. You can even have two dishwashers if size and budget require and permit-think of it as saving time in the long run.（分数：7.00）(1).A well-designed kitchen shou
17、ld be modern,beautiful and practical at the same time.ARight BWrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Being harmless to the environment is the top priority in kitchen design.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Quality matters the most when you are choosing kitchen cabinets.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.W
18、rongC.Not mentioned(4).More counter space,cooktops and sinks are needed in todays kitchens because food preparation is more complicated than it used to be.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The design of the sink is indicative of a kitchen designers intelligence.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not m
19、entioned(6).Means of saving labor,appliances should be replaced whenever new models come out.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).It is the amount of time you can spend in the kitchen that decides how many appliances of the same kind you should buy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分
20、：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) AEducation BLand and climate CState system DNatural resourcesE EconomyF Population（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ Alive a better life Bmade up of more than 50 islands C
21、have more farmland Dnot by the Parliament, but by the peopleE produce goods of various kindsF have a big population（分数：4.00）(1).Singapore is a small state in the southeast of Asia_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).According to the constitution of Singapore, the president of the state is selected_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(
22、3).Compared with people in other Asian countries,the Singaporeans_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Though small, Singapore has an industry of its own and can_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The FamilyThe structure of a family takes different forms around the word and even in the
23、same society. The familys form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently, the most common form in North America was the nuclear family, consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fe
24、nd for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America, the elderly often do not live with the family； t
25、hey live in retirement communities and nursing homes.There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies, such as North America, and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits, who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of
26、mobility. In harsh conditions, mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans, the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time, the small nuclear family was usually part of a
27、larger extended family. This might have included grandparents, mother and father, brothers and sisters, uncles, aunts, and cousins. In North America today, there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced, separa
28、ted, or nevermarried individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family, not just in North America, but throughout the world, continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.（分数：15.00）(1).Another good title for this passage would be_（分数：3.00）A.Living with Hardship.
29、B.The Life of the Inuits.C.What Makes a Family?D.The Failure of the Nuclear Family.(2).A nuclear family is defined as_（分数：3.00）A.a single father with minor childrenB.parents, children, and aunts and unclesC.a married couple with their minor childrenD.parents, grandparents, and children(3).The inform
30、ation in this passage would most likely be found in_（分数：3.00）A.a geography textbookB.a biology textbookC.an anthropology textbookD.a mathematics textbook(4).The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through_（分数：3.00）A.pointing out differencesB.pointing out similaritiesC.listing stat
31、isticsD.telling a story(5).The word mobility means_（分数：3.00）A.readiness to moveB.organizationC.moneyD.skill六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Stress level Tied to Education LevelPeople with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social B
32、ehavior.However, the study also found that when less-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.From this, researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random. Where you are in society determines the kinds of probl
33、ems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them.The research team interviewed a national sample of 1,031 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health. People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days, people with a high school d
34、egree reported stress 38 percent of the time, and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time.“Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health,“ lead researcher Dr Joseph Grzywacz, of Wake Forest University Ba
35、ptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. “The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors, and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged. “Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people repo
36、rt fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic.“If something happens every day, maybe its not seen as a stressor,“ Grzywacz says. “Maybe it is just life. /（分数：15.00）(1).Stress level is closely related to_（分数：3.00）A.family sizeB.social statusC.body weightD.work experi
37、ence(2).The 1,031 adults were interviewed_（分数：3.00）A.on a daily basis for 8 daysB.during one of eight daysC.all by GrzywaczD.in groups(3).Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days?_（分数：3.00）A.People without any education.B.People without high school degrees.C.People with high school
38、degrees.D.People with college degrees.(4).The less advantaged people are, the greater_（分数：3.00）A.the impact of stress on their health isB.the effect of education on their health isC.the level of their education isD.the degree of their health concern is(5).Less-educated people report fewer days of st
39、ress possibly because_（分数：3.00）A.they dont want to tell the truthB.they dont want to face the truthC.stress is too common a factor in their lifeD.their stress is more acute七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)An Interesting PhenomenonAnimals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat mor
40、e than their bodies need. It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin-enric
41、hed fluid, the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it, even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water. In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were.In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafe
42、teria feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them. They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in. We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet.So, in sele
43、cting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on whats best for them. Apparently, there is a kind of “body wisdom“, which humans soon lose. Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could. Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits. Some people
44、 eat fox, dog and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs. So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.（分数：15.00）(1).In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rats drinking water to_（分数：3.00）A.encourage rats to drink vita
45、min-enriched waterB.find out rats preference in flavorC.test whether rats know which drink is good for themD.demonstrate that vitamins are tasteless(2).The expression “the habit“ (para. 1, sentence 4) refers to drinking water which_（分数：3.00）A.has no smellB.is tastelessC.has vitaminsD.is flavored(3).
46、According to the passage, adults eating habits differ from those of babies because_（分数：3.00）A.adults know better than babies what kind of food are good for their healthB.adults usually cannot resist the temptation of various delicious foodsC.adults eating habits are closely related to the social and
47、 cultural customsD.adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns(4).The author implied in the passage that most of us_（分数：3.00）A.eat a balanced dietB.choose the food that is of nutritionC.have the habits influenced by the surroundingsD.like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor(5)
48、.As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that_（分数：3.00）A.both have the wisdom to choose a balanced dietB.both prefer flavored food and drinkC.both have the same eating patternsD.both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors八、第 5 部分：补全短文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Living
49、Alone Is JoyfulMore and more Americans are living alone. Some live alone because of divorce or the death of a partner. (46) According to a recent U.S. census (人口普查), 25 percent of all households in the U. S. are made up of just one person. This is a dramatic change from the extended families of just a couple of
