1、职称英语综合类 B级-43 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Some abnormal human behavior may be caused by eating substances that upset delicate chemical balances in the brain.（分数：1.00）A.nourishB.favorC.preventD.disturb2.Numerous parallels exist between Ernest Hemingways life and the live
2、s of his characters.（分数：1.00）A.studiesB.problemsC.similaritiesD.biases3.There are fossil remains of dinosaurs in the rocky strata of every continent.（分数：1.00）A.layersB.areasC.peaksD.canyons4.Pearl fishing,or the search for pearl-bearing oysters,takes place in shallow waters.（分数：1.00）A.is taughtB.occ
3、ursC.is prohibitedD.starts5.The concert was called off due to the storm.（分数：1.00）A.recommendedB.demandedC.amendedD.cancelled6.Good health is a familys most valued possession.（分数：1.00）A.noticeableB.usefulC.costlyD.precious7.Even with detailed knowledge about an area, geologists cannot easily locate s
4、tores of underground natural gas.（分数：1.00）A.varietiesB.mapsC.suppliesD.shops8.Penicillin was discovered by chance in 1928.（分数：1.00）A.finallyB.accidentallyC.experimentallyD.opportunely9.Your plan will call for a lot of money.（分数：1.00）A.acquireB.requireC.remindD.degrade10.Before the Civil War,Frederic
5、k Douglass editorials for the North Star urged respect for the rights of all people.（分数：1.00）A.advocatedB.createdC.foresawD.granted11.Machine tools vary in size from handheld devices used for drilling and grinding to large stationary machines that perform a number of different operations.（分数：1.00）A.
6、existB.expandC.compareD.range12.The department chairman refused to authorize the requisition.（分数：1.00）A.requestB.transferC.grantD.project13.Although a herd of African elephants may have up to one thousand members,Asiatic elephants live in bands of five to sixty animals.（分数：1.00）A.as many asB.more th
7、anC.fewer thanD.at least14.The boats of the earliest voyagers to the North American continent were exceptionally well built.（分数：1.00）A.shoesB.plowsC.barnsD.ships15.Jumping spiders have excellent eyesight and can see their prey from a distance twenty times their own length.（分数：1.00）A.victimB.targetC.
8、nestD.prize二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Origin of the Air MailAt Blackpool Holt Thomas and Graham-White agreed to make a practical experiment in carrying mails by aeroplane. The idea,as it was first worked out, was for the aeroplane to fly from Blackpool airport across to Southport airport, and fo
9、r the mails to be taken over by the Post Office there. But the programme had to be changed owing to a series of high winds. What happened in the end was that Graham-White took a mail-bag in his plane , and made a flight with it across country for a distance of about seven miles,returning to the airp
10、ort. This experiment gave Graham-White the honour of being the first airman in England to carry a bag of mail across country in an aeroplane. Letters and postcards which were carried in this test,and which had a special stamp recording the fact,soon became much sought after by collectors.The second
11、and more important experiment in British air mail transport took place in September 1911 ,and was the first of its kind in this country to obtain the official permission of the Postmaster-general. It was indeed one of the historical events in our airmail development. In this case as many as 130,000
12、letter and postcards were carried by aeroplane between London and Windsor. One of the airmen engaged in this pioneer service was the famous Gustav Hamel,flying a monoplane. I remember going out one afternoon to see him start off with one of the bags of mail. It was an extremely bad day for flying ,a
13、nd just before the time due for the start,the wind was blowing at nearly 50 miles an hour. None of the other pilots would have thought of going up,but Hamel-one of the finest of all pilots of the British monoplane-was not to be stopped. He jumped into his machine and fairly shot off the ground. The
14、monoplane, so long as it was near the earth, was thrown about like a small boat on an angry sea. But Hamel gave a splendid exhibition of airmanship;as soon as he reached a great height, conditions became much steadier ,and her finished his journey without accident.This was an early demonstration tha
15、t an airplane was more than a fine weather machine, and that it could fight its way successfully through violent winds. This fact impressed the postal authorities a good deal,and helped those who believed that the airplane had a great commercial future.（分数：7.00）(1).Holt Thomas and Graham-White were
16、the first airmen to carry the airmail in England.（分数：1.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not mentioned(2).Graham-White carried in the aeroplane letters and postcards that later became special collections.（分数：1.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not mentioned(3).It was after much discussion that the Postmaster-general approved the s
17、econd airmail transport.（分数：1.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not mentioned(4).The writer described Hamel as the best pilot but criticized his assistant for his carelessness in the flight.（分数：1.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not mentioned(5).It was an unfavorable weather for flying an aeroplane but Hamel displayed excellent a
18、irmanship and succeeded in the second air mail flight.（分数：1.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not mentioned(6).The writer must be about 80 years old.（分数：1.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not mentioned(7).The postal authorities helped in developing the commercial use of aeroplanes.（分数：1.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意
19、与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) ABooming business of Circuit City BSuperior quality of conventional DVD discs CAn introduction of the new system Divx DUnlimited or permanent play of Divx discsE Disk-play tracking and billing systemsF Expansion of the titles of Divx discs（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:
20、_(2).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ Ais not taken back by he shop Bhs been specially coded Cis bankrolled by Panasonic,etc. Dis lower in price than the usual DVD discE has been played and whereF is owned by retailer Circuit City（分数：4.00）(
21、1).The Divx disc is different from the rented videotape in that once offered, Divx disc_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Every Divx disc has a special code so that the rental shop can identify which disc_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).If purchased for unlimited use,the Divx disc_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The conventional DVD pla
22、yer cannot play any Divx disc because it_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Seeing the World Centuries AgoIf you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor, it will not surprise you to learn that travel writing has a lon
23、g and venerable history. Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales.One of the earliest travel writers, a Greek geographer and historian named Strabo, lived around the time of Christ. Though Str
24、abo is known to have traveled from east of the Black Seawest to Italy and as far south as Ethiopia, he also used details gleaned from other writers to extend and enliven his accounts. His multivolumed work Geography provides the only surviving account of the cities, peoples, customs, and geographica
25、l peculiarities of the whole known world of his time.Two other classic travel writers, the Italian Marco Polo and the Moroccan Ibn Battutah, lived in roughly the same time period. Marco Polo traveled to China with his father and uncle in about A. D. 1275 and remained there 16 or 17 years, visiting s
26、everal other countries during his travels. When Marco returned to Italy he dictated his memoirs, including stories he had heard from others, to a scribe, with the resulting book millione being an instant success. Though difficult to attest to the accuracy of all he says, Marcos book impelled Europea
27、ns to begin their great voyages of exploration.Ibn Battutahs interest in travel began on his required Muslim journey to Mecca in 1325, and during his lifetime he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway. His travel book the Rihlah is a personalized account of desert journeys, court
28、intrigues, and even the effect of the Black Death in the various lands he visited. In almost 30 years of traveling it is estimated that Ibn Battutah covered more than 75,000 miles.（分数：15.00）(1).This passage is mostly about_（分数：3.00）A.how to write a travel bookB.the literary style of three early trav
29、el writersC.why people find travel writing excitingD.where three early travel writers went and wrote about(2).Ibn Battutah traveled_（分数：3.00）A.to EthiopiaB.throughout the Muslim worldC.to ChinaD.for 16 or 17 years(3).The books of the three writers were popular because_（分数：3.00）A.they explained the b
30、est routes to get to placesB.they listed good places to stayC.all of their stories were firsthand accountsD.they told of strange and exotic locales(4).The overall organization of this passage is through_（分数：3.00）A.travel writers personal narrativesB.persuasive detailsC.spatial descriptionD.chronolog
31、ical order(5).In this passage attest means to_（分数：3.00）A.draw a map ofB.give proof ofC.give an examination toD.tell lies to六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Spoilt for ChoiceChoice, we are given tol believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to
32、 make decisions one way or another. In the main, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can
33、have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, Iifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee. But for a good many people in the world,
34、in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares.The main impact of endless choice in peoples lives is anxiety
35、. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to
36、 solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied.It is not just their availability
37、 that is the problem, hut the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them w
38、ithin a short time. The classic exampie is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, hut now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine
39、. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to
40、 live and work-a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history, so the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation
41、 states and borders effectively slowed this process down. But what is different now is the speed at which migration is happening.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the difference between the decision to shop in a certain supermarket and the decision to drop out of college according to the first paragraph?_（分数：3.
42、00）A.The former is a right while the latter is not.B.The latter has more impact on life.C.The former may happen for many times in life.D.The latter requires a fee.(2).When people can not easily decide what to buy, what is the least possible choice?_（分数：3.00）A.Give up.B.Walk away.C.Buy an unsuitable
43、item.D.Seek advice.(3).Why do products have short lifespan nowadays?_（分数：3.00）A.They are more often replaced with better ones.B.They have worse quality.C.They have too many versions.D.Computer technology advances too fast.(4).How does migration differ from the past?_（分数：3.00）A.People now migrate acr
44、oss the whole earth.B.People now migrate for better life.C.People now have more choice about where to migrate.D.People now migrate for better environment.(5).Which is the best summary of the writers attitude towards choice in a commercial society?_（分数：3.00）A.More choice, more anxiety.B.Better more c
45、hoice than no choice.C.Better no choice than more choice.D.All choice is not easy.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)How Ford Turn Out CarsWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives,you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was
46、Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars-one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses.Back in the early 1900s,slaughterhouses used what could have been called a “disassembly line. “Ford reversed this process to see if
47、it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David of the Univ
48、ersity of Delaware, an expert on industrial development ,tells what happened:“The previous day,workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day,on the line,the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person. “Within a year,the
49、 time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913,Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed past workers who completed them on piece at a time. It wasnt long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year,a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this n
