1、职称英语综合类 B 级-41 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.This article requires more attention to the problem of cultural interference. A. calls for B. applies for C. cares for D. allows for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.People name this street Bill Street in honor of the famous general. A. resp
2、ecting B. memorizing C. in term of D. in view of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table. A. supplied B. gathered C. grasped D. made（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.We should never satisfy ourselves with what we have learned. A. convince B. content C. com
3、fort D. benefit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.We are disappointed to find out that he has made a fatal mistake. A. crucial B. foolish C. stupid D. important（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. A. slight B. surprising C. sudden. D. harmful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7
4、.The sports meeting was put off because of the heavy rain. A. put down B. put out C. delayed D. cancelled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Though he was born in America, he can speak smooth Chinese. A. perfect B. fluent C. poor D. flowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.He doesnt like the children who are prone to telling a lie
5、. A. reliable B. liable C. promising D. declined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.It is a pity that you have missed the most important contents. A. lost B. caught C. refused D. rejected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Purchasing the new production line will be a profitable deal for the company. A. beneficial B. tremendous C.
6、forceful D. favorable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.He is a humorous man, especially his expression in his face. A. rationally B. obviously C. particularly D. traditionally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.He was a very smart boy but he made a foolish decision this time. A. clever B. honest C. brave D. dull（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
7、14.The teacher asked us to submit the reports before next Monday. A. hand in B. hand out C. hand on D. hand back（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.He has a very outgoing personality and it is easy for him to makes friends. A. ability B. character C. reality D. attitude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)1
8、. Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents DifferentlyMale pilots flying general aviating(private) aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision - making, while female pilots are more likely to crash from mishandling the aircraft. These are the results of
9、 a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health.The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilots error involved. “Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of
10、all aviation deaths in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots, as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that of crashes of female pilots,“ explains Susan P. Baker. MPH, professor of health policy and management at the Bloomberg School of Public Health. “Because pilot youth and inexperience a
11、re established contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash. “The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on pilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general avia
12、tion crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 reale pilots aged 40 -63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1 : 2 ratio, by age, classes of medical and pilot certificates, state or area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circumst
13、ances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender.The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance for both sexes, leading to 59 percent of female pilots crashes and 36 percent of males. Exp
14、eriencing mechanical failure, running out of fuel, and landing the plane with the landing gear up were among the factors more likely with males ,while stalling(失速) was more likely with females.The majority of the crashes - 95 percent for females and 88 percent for males - involved at least one type
15、of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more common among females( accounting for 81 percent of the crashes)than males (accounting for 48 percent). Males, however, appeared more likely to be guilty of poor decision - making, risk - taking, and
16、inattentiveness, examples of which include misjudging weather and visibility or flying an aircraft with a known defect. Females, though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft, were generally more careful than their male counterparts.（分数：7.00）(1).Male pilots are more likely to crast
17、l than female pilots.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrnngC.Not mentioned(2).Crashes of private aircraft account for only a small part of aviation accidents.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).It is already known that aircraft crashes are mostly caused by young and inexperienced pilots.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wro
18、ngC.Not mentioned(4).Both male and female pilots flying general aviating(private) aircraft are under great stress.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The research data involved more than 400 pilots aged 40 -63.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The majority of the crashes are due to bad
19、 weather conditions.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Loss of control on landing or takeoff and stalling is the most common error of crash with female pilots.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Paris1 Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country,
20、is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nations population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the site for all decision making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all of
21、 the nations activities.2 Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated by
22、 the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived.3 The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazines
23、 and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louver, opened as a museum in 1793 ,is one of the largest museums in the world.4 In the late 1980s about 4. l million pupils annually a
24、ttended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately 1.2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throu
25、ghout the world.5 Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nations manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan are a. Industries of consumer goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high - technology ind
26、ustries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.A. History of the cityB. Industries of the cityC. Population grownD. EducationE. Cultural centerF. Immigration（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragrap
27、h 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. can be found in Paris B. the major events of the nation C. of the countrys industries D. a lot of cinemas and theaters E. has been growing steadily F. has been decreasing rapidly（分数：4.00）(1).Paris has in histo
28、ry been the center of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Since the 10th century, the population of Paris 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Many valuable works of art 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paris is not only the center of education of France, but also the center 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.
29、00)The Drive for the FutureDriverless earsProfessor Sebastian Thrun, director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, wants to cut the number of ears on planet earth by 50%.He said: “Its a huge waste of money and resources to do sowe use ears about 3% of the time. “Professor Thrun is a l
30、eader in the field of driverless Cars and has built two robotic vehiclescalled Stanley and Junior.The cars have no human driver and no remote control systemeverything from sensors to navigation is handled by an onboard computer.They were both entered into the DARPA Grand Challengea race for autonomo
31、us vehicles. Stanley won in 2004 and Junior took second place in 2007.But the ultimate goal is to create a world where self - aware vehicles can drive passengers around without hitting pedestrians or bumping into other vehicles.“To be able to understand the environment as deep as humans do is the ho
32、ly grail of artificial intelligence. “Its a huge amount of work to make computers understand what is the behaviour of the two people on the right, both waiting at an intersectionwill they walk or not? It is a really hard question. “Perfect missionsResearchers at Stanford are trying to program helico
33、pters to fly perfect missions every time including loops.Imagine, for example, a search and rescue chopper that can descend into a narrow canyon countless times without its rotors ever touching the edges.Andrew Ng, an associate professor in the Computer Science Department, said it would be very diff
34、icult to write software to make a helicopter early out stunts in the air.Instead, researchers asked a expert human pilot to demonstrate the stunts. The computer learned from the demonstrations how to fly by itself.It is called apprenticeship learningthe computer figures out what the human pilot is t
35、rying to do and then uses algorithms to correct or perfect the operations.Professor Ng said:“ The accelerometers of the helicopter will feel the force of the wind pushing the helicopter aside and what the helicopter has learned to do is how to adjust the controls to move itself back onto the desired
36、 flight path. /（分数：15.00）(1).What description about Professor Sebastian Thrun is NOT fight?（分数：3.00）A.Professor Sebastian Thrun is from Stanford University.B.Professor Sebastian Thrun is interested in planes.C.Professor Sebastian Thrun has two autonomous ears, Stanley and Junior.D.Professor Sebastia
37、n Thrun wants to make intelligent cars.(2).What is the key to create a self - aware vehicle?（分数：3.00）A.To build a good navigation system for a vehicle.B.To put up a complete set of sensors in a vehicle.C.To make a vehicle understands the environment like humans do.D.To set up a good computer control
38、 center for a vehicl(3).What can be inferred from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.It is easy for pilots to do the stunts when operating helicopters in the air.B.It is easy for helicopters to descend into a narrow canyon to do rescue work.C.It is difficult to design software which enables a helicopter to do s
39、tunts.D.There is no such software that enables a helicopter to do stunts.(4).What is apprenticeship learning?（分数：3.00）A.It is a process that a new pilot learn from an experienced pilot.B.It is a course that a candidate pilot takes in order to became a pilot.C.It is a course that a software engineer
40、takes to learn to design computer.D.The process that a computer analyze how pilots do stunts, and to better the operation of itsel(5).Which statement is right?（分数：3.00）A.This passage shows the latest car and helicopter models.B.This passage introduces the latest research in cars and helicopters.C.Th
41、is passage persuades people to buy cars.D.This passage explains how helicopters work.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Brain TrainMillions of copies of console and computer- based“ brain trainers“ are sold worldwide every year, claiming to make peoplesbrains younger, better, faster or bigger. The theory seems to
42、 make sense: regularly exercising the brain with tests and puzzles can improve brain skills and help people become better at everyday thinking tasks.But recent research suggests scientific evidence is lacking.The BBCs Brain Test Britain experiment wants to find out if brain training really works, an
43、d is aiming to get thousands of members of the public to train for 10 minutes a day ,three times a week ,for at least six weeks.Scientific experiments and their findings should be evaluated by independent experts in a process called “peer review“. This is the minimum standard by which the quality of
44、 any research is judged.Very little research on commercial brain trainers has been peer reviewed.Instead, manufacturers often quote unsupported testimonials from“ satisfied users“. None of these are acceptable substitutes for peer review.A proper“ control group“ is the backbone of any valid scientif
45、ic study.With a brain training study, the control group of participants should do the same amount of a mental activity as the brain - training group, but using a“ non - brain training“ activity such as a crossword.Scientists should then be able to compare the results from the two groups to see how g
46、enuinely effective the brain training tasks were.Studies that have been used to support the claims made by commercial brain trainers often have no control group at all, or a control group that is not as mentally active as the trained group.In order to see how much you have improved, you need to know
47、 where you were at the start. To do this. scientists use a“ benchmarking test“the same test, taken at the beginning and end of an experiment.Benchmarking tests should he different from the brain training tasks. This way, scientists can see if the effects of brain training are transferable to other m
48、ental tasks.Studies used to support the claims made by commercial brain trainers often use tests for benchmarking that are identicalor very similar-to the tests used during training（分数：15.00）(1).What is the writers attitude towards the “brain trainers“?（分数：3.00）A.The Writer thinks it is stupid to us
49、e.B.The writer believed that these products can work well.C.The writer likes these products very much.D.The writer is suspectable about its effect.(2).What description is right about BBCs Brain Test Britain experiment?（分数：3.00）A.This experiment is to examine the quality of the brain training products sold. in market.B.This experiment is to help BBC to de
