1、职称英语综合类 B 级-33 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Americas emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research. A. encouraged B. endangered C. endorsed D. enlarged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.I warned him to keep the matter confidential. A. private B. s
2、afe C. personal D. secret（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.In 1861, it seemed odd that the Southern states would break away from the Union. A. strange B. certain C. inconsistent D. proper（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The steadily rising cost of labor has greatly increased merchandises prices. A. continuously B. quickly C. ex
3、cessively D. exceptionally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.I suppose he will give in eventually. A. in a way B. in due course C. in the end D. in any case（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The child couldnt comprehend the profound text book. A. interpret B. read C. understand D. translate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Mary was compelled to
4、take in washing to help support her family. A. pleaded B. appealed C. forced D. instructed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Practically all species of animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes. A. Simultaneously B. Almost C. Absolutely D. Basically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.John is collaborating
5、 with Mary in writing a book. A. cooperating B. merging C. combining D. associating（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour. A. velocities B. impulses C. ratios D. percentage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.When she was invited to
6、 the party, she readily accepted. A. willingly B. suddenly C. firmly D. quickly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.A deadly disease has affected these animals. A. contagious B. serious C. fatal D. worrying（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Dont get upset about trivial matters. A. unexpected B. unusual C. unimportant D. uncertain（
7、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed. A. expressive B. physical C. exaggerated D. dubious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.I rarely wear a raincoat because I spend most of my time in a car. A. normally B. seldom C. continuously D. usually（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判
8、断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)ClimateAre you planning a vacation? If you like hot and extremely dry summers, go to Phoenix, Arizona. For hot temperatures but lots of rain and thunderstorms, try Miami, Florida. If you want average temperatures and rainfall, St. Louis, Missouri, is the spot. Or if youre a cold-weat
9、her fan, head to Fairbanks, Alaska. Its winters are very cold with very little precipitation (降雨). Each of these cities has a certain type of weather. The average weather for a place over many years is called climate, and in no two places in the world it is exactly the same. How can this be!Many thi
10、ngs in nature, such as sunshine, temperature, and precipitation, affect climate. Nearness to mountains, oceans, and large lakes affects it too. Another factor is altitude, or height above sea level. Air cools as altitude increases. So a city at a higher altitude may be colder than one at a lower alt
11、itude. Finally, winds affect climate. They move heat and moisture between the oceans and continents. Winds keep the tropics from overheating. They keep the polar regions from getting overly cold.Climate changes over long periods of time. Some scientists think, for example, that the earths climate ch
12、anged at the time of the dinosaurs. They think the dinosaurs died because of the change. What causes a climate to change! One possible cause may be changes in the sun. Sunspots, for example, are cool, dark spots that form on the sun. Sunspots may decrease precipitation on the earth and cause unusual
13、ly dry periods. Changes in the atmosphere may change climate too. Volcanic eruptions, for instance, release solid particles into the air. These particles may form a cloud that blocks out the suns heat. Human activity is another cause of climate change. Air pollution and the reduction of forest cover
14、 may have long-term effects on climate.（分数：7.00）(1).The weather in Phoenix, Arizona is quite hot and dry in summer days.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Fairbanks in Alaska has the coldest weather in the world.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The weather in New York is different fr
15、om that in Paris.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).A person may feel warmer at a lower altitude than the one at a higher altitude.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The climate is influenced by a combination of several natural and man-made matters rather than by one single reason.（分数：
16、1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Scientists have already known the reason that killed dinosaurs millions years ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Human activity is the major cause of climate change because humans pollute the air and cut forests.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三
17、、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)The Mir Space Station1 The Russian Mir Space which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space
18、.2 During Mirs lifetime, Russia spent about US$ 4.2 billion to build and maintain the station.3 The Soviet Anion launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact,
19、it became the first international space station by playing host to 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space
20、shuttles.4 The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.5 A debate continues over Mirs
21、contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy heli
22、um atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favoring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 199
23、5. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.6 Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator caught
24、 fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several tines and there were power failures.7 Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mins reputation as a space station was mined.8 Mirs setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare
25、them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But its time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built wi
26、ll be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.A Undeniable Mirs AchievementsB Rewards Following the US Financial InjectionC Mirs Problem YearD Mir Regarded as a Complete FailureE Mirs Firsts in Scientific Experiments and Space ExplorationF A Great Debt Owed to the International Space Station（分数：4.00
27、）(1).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 8 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A everythingB a great successC a tremendous failureD nothingE mangy firstsF quite possible（分数：4.00）(1).Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that human living
28、in space for a long time was _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).In Mir, the US astronauts created _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The writer tends to think that Mir was _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.
29、00)EnglishmanThe English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed some attitudes and habit
30、s distinguishing him from other nationalities.Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, and reserved person among people he knows well. Before strangers he often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a railway compartment any morning or evening to see the truth. Serious
31、-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing (打盹) in a corner, and no one speaks. An English wit once suggested to overseas visitors, “On entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers.“ Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but
32、 clearly understood code of behavior, which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion.It is well known that the English seldom show openly extremes of enthusiasm, emotion etc. Of course, an Englishman feels no less than any other nationality. Imagine a man commenting on the gr
33、eat beauty of a young girl. A man of more emotional temperament might describe her as “a marvelous jewel“, while the Englishman will flatly state “Urn, shes all right.“ An Englishman may recommend a highly successful and enjoyable film to friends by commenting, “Its not bad.“ The overseas visitors m
34、ust not be disappointed by this apparent lack of interest. They must realize that “all right“, “not bad“ are very often used with the sense of “first class“, “excellent“. This special use of language is particularly common in English.（分数：15.00）(1).One explanation for the different character of Engli
35、sh people is that _.（分数：3.00）A.they are geographically isolated from the European continentB.they have nothing to do with the other EuropeansC.they like to keep quiet among their acquaintancesD.they tend to be reserved by nature(2).The word “inhibited“ (Line 2, Par（分数：3.00）A.2) in this passage proba
36、bly means _.A. unable to have good mannersB. unable to express and relax freelyC. able to act properlyD. able to talk freely(3).According to the passage, on entering a railway compartment, an overseas visitor is expected to _.（分数：3.00）A.inquire about the code of behavior in the trainB.shake hands wi
37、th all the passengersC.shake hands with the person he knowsD.behave like an Englishman(4).The English way of commenting on something or somebody suggests that _.（分数：3.00）A.the English are modest in most circumstancesB.the English feel no less than any other nationalityC.the English tend to display l
38、ess emotion than they feelD.the English dont take a strong interest in making comment(5).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：3.00）A.The differences between the English and the other Europeans.B.The different character of the Englishman and its reason.C.The reasons for English peoples shyness.D.
39、The code of behavior of the nationalities in Europ六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)MemoryIt is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past e
40、xperiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes “remembering“ things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is in
41、volved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare
42、 the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words“-string of alphabetic or numerical characters ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of E
43、nglish. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large
44、part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity, it may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.
45、（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE about memory?（分数：3.00）A.It helps us perceive things happening around us every day.B.It is based on the decisions we made in the past.C.It is rooted in our past habits and skills.D.It connects our past experiences with the present.(2).According to the pass
46、age, memory is helpful in ones life in the following aspects EXCEPT that _.（分数：3.00）A.it involves a change in ones behaviorB.it keeps information for later useC.it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD.it enables one to remember events that happened in the past(3).What is the authors view about
47、computers and human beings in terms of intelligence?（分数：3.00）A.Computers have better memory than a child does.B.Computers are as intelligent as a teenager is.C.Computers can understand as many as 100,000 words.D.Human beings are far superior to computers.(4).What is the major characteristic of mans
48、memory capacity according to the author?（分数：3.00）A.It can be expanded by language.B.It can remember all the combined words.C.It may keep all the information in the past.D.It may change what has been stored in it.(5).Human beings make themselves different from other animals by _.（分数：3.00）A.having the
49、 ability to perceive dangerB.having a far greater memory capacityC.having the ability to recognize faces and places on sightD.having the ability to draw on past experiences七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Family“Family“ is of course an elastic word. But when British people say that their society is based on family life,
