1、职称英语综合类 B 级-21 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles.（分数：1.00）A.quickenB.shortenC.loosenD.enlarge2.The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.（分数：1.00）A.get rid ofB.set
2、 upC.repairD.paint3.The government is debating the education laws.（分数：1.00）A.discussingB.defeatingC.delayingD.declining4.He invested a considerable amount of money in the project.（分数：1.00）A.immenseB.positiveC.powerfulD.realistic5.The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its s
3、carce resources.（分数：1.00）A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.urgent6.I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.（分数：1.00）A.intended toB.tended toC.extended toD.pretended to7.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.permanentB.powerful
4、C.strikingD.practical8.His health had deteriorated while he was in prison.（分数：1.00）A.became betterB.became worseC.became strongerD.became weaker9.They are worded about their capacity to invest in the future.（分数：1.00）A.capitalB.abilityC.expenseD.reality10.They had a far better yield than any other fa
5、rm miles away around this year.（分数：1.00）A.goodsB.soilC.climateD.harvest11.The interview took place around the kitchen table and was very causal.（分数：1.00）A.formalB.informalC.regularD.irregular12.Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grai
6、n prices.（分数：1.00）A.slightB.surprisingC.suddenD.harmful13.We should contemplated the problem from all sides.（分数：1.00）A.deliberatedB.thoughtC.describedD.designed14.We should never content ourselves with only a little knowledge.（分数：1.00）A.convinceB.satisfyC.comfortD.benefit15.As a matter of fact, I lo
7、ve soft music more than popular music.（分数：1.00）A.basicallyB.probablyC.actuallyD.accurately二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)BAmerican Sports/BThe United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their fa
8、vorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds
9、 the number playing in the game.Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.Fo
10、otball is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same
11、 as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originate
12、d in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.Other sp
13、ectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horse, s in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assem
14、ble“ primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.（分数：7.00）(1).Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Professional baseball teams can contin
15、ue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Football can be classified
16、 as a spectator sport.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Basketball in American is so popular with univ
17、ersities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，
18、分数：8.00)BMore Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing/BAlthough the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 1
19、0 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8
20、-hour sleepers.These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each ni
21、ght to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each nigh
22、t have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep pro
23、blems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep prob
24、lem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reason that if a person spends too lon
25、g a time in bed, then theyll spend a higher percentage of time awake.“ he said.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).To get a good nights rest, people may not need to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Long
26、 sleepers are reported to be more likely to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).One survey showed that people who habitually _ each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)B第一篇
27、/BBPushbike Peril/BLow speed bicycle crashes can badly injure or even kill children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars so a team of engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer.Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvan
28、ia, began the project with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal injuries in children in the past 30 years showed that more than a third were caused by bicycle accidents. “The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and came up with some countermeasures,“ she says.By interviewing
29、the children and their parents, Arbogast and her team were able to reconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common mechanism responsible for serious injures. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed, causing them to topple over. To maintain their balanc
30、e they turn the handlebars through 90 degrees but their momentum forces them into the end of the handlebars. The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, ramming it into their abdomen.The solution the group came up with is a handgrip fitted with a spring and damping
31、system. The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted through the handlebars in an impact. The group hopes to commercialize the device, which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturer were
32、unaware of the problem,“ says Arbogast.The team has also approached the US Consumer Product Safety Commission to try to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design. A decision is expected later this year.handlebar n (常用复数) (自行车等的) 车把abdominal adj. 腹部的 redesign v. 重新设计bioengineer n. 生物工程师 reconstr
33、uct vt. 重建；重构countermeasure n. 对策 abdomen n. 膜，腹部momentum n.冲力 handgrip n. 握柄damping adj. 制动的，减速的，缓冲的 commercialize vt. 使商品化（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because _.（分数：3.00）A.they are not noble enoughB.they may kill childrenC.they are lik
34、ely to crashD.they make the bike move at a low speed(2).In paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries _.（分数：3.00）A.to discuss how abdominal injuries in children occurB.to show that more than a third injuries were caused by bicycle accidentsC.to point out what the counterm
35、easures can beD.to tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the project(3).Paragraph 3 mainly discusses _.（分数：3.00）A.why the children and their parents were interviewedB.when the children tom the handlebars through 90 degreesC.what causes the children to topple overD.how serious injuries occur(4).The passa
36、ge implies that _.（分数：3.00）A.it is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new designB.the team of engineers has not found any countermeasuresC.children like to ride bicycles at a very low speedD.a lot of children were killed in bicycle accidents in the past 30 years(5).The new handgrip work
37、s in which of the following ways?（分数：3.00）A.It call be commercialized.B.It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents.C.It adds a few dollars to the cost of a bike.D.It changes the direction of the handlebars in all impact.B第二篇/BBCommon Problems, Common Solutions/BThe chances are that you mad
38、e up your mind about smoking a long time ago and decided its not for you.The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well.And finally its a pretty safe bet that youre open-minded and intereste
39、d in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers or you wouldnt be reading this.And those three things make you incredibly important today.Because they mean that yours is the voice not the smokers and not the anti-smokers that will determine how much of societys efforts should go into buildi
40、ng walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together.For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the
41、nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on “education“ (much of it in and-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research.There will always be some who want to build walls, who want t
42、o separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are
43、only temporary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve societys interest better by working together in mutual accommodation.Whatever virtue wails may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can.（分数：1
44、5.00）(1).What does the word “wall“ used in the passage mean?（分数：3.00）A.Anti-smoking propaganda.B.Diseases striking nonsmokers as well as smokers.C.Rules and regulations that prohibit smoking.D.Separation of smokers from nonsmokers.(2).In paragraph 4, “you“ refers to_.（分数：3.00）A.smokersB.nonsmokersC.
45、anti-smokersD.smokers who have quitted smoking(3).It is evident that the author is not in favor of_.（分数：3.00）A.building a wall between smokers and nonsmokersB.doing scientific research at the expense of ones healthC.bringing smokers and nonsmokers togetherD.proving accommodation for smokers(4).As is
46、 suggested, the common solution to the common problem is_.（分数：3.00）A.to separate people from peopleB.to work together in mutual accommodationC.to make us more keenly aware of choiceD.to serve societys interests better(5).According to the passage, the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders
47、actions_.（分数：3.00）A.optimisticallyB.pessimisticallyC.unconcernedlyD.skepticallyB第三篇/BBTechnology Transfer in Germany/BWhen it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant str
48、eam of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕) record for mining ideas into profit.Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role i
