1、职称英语综合类 B 级-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial feature.（分数：1.00）A.markB.characterC.traceD.appearance2.When there is a(n) slump in a country it is difficult to do trade, and many people are out of work.（分数：1.00）A.des
2、centB.depressionC.inertiaD.decrease3.The duty of a soldier is to defend his country.（分数：1.00）A.resistB.assureC.guardD.contribute4.So many people turned out for the meeting that there were not enough seats to accommodate them ail.（分数：1.00）A.countB.accountC.containD.delegate5.He flew into a fury when
3、I said I couldnt help him any more.（分数：1.00）A.angerB.poolC.boatD.crowd6.If you go to a number of different shops, youll find great variation of price for the same articles.（分数：1.00）A.varietyB.differenceC.vanityD.scarcity7.Workers must fight to get out of the clutches of bourgeois ideas.（分数：1.00）A.co
4、ntrolB.manipulationC.mechanismD.grudge8.In 1976, a terrible earthquake killed countless people in China. People fear an earth quake will take place again.（分数：1.00）A.incurB.recurC.occurD.curb9.Her figure was slender and graceful, her features good.（分数：1.00）A.feebleB.lovelyC.beautifulD.pleasant10.All
5、the nations in the world are supposed to uphold the principles set by the United Nations.（分数：1.00）A.inspectB.incorporateC.supportD.integrate11.He was utterly exhausted at the end of the Marathon.（分数：1.00）A.utterB.sheerC.absoluteD.completely12.Modest and easy to approach. Prof. Rosch soon put every o
6、ne of us completely at ease.（分数：1.00）A.confrontB.associateC.connectD.access13.In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took extra trouble over the figures.（分数：1.00）A.extensiveB.spareC.additionalD.supreme14.Having decided to rent a flat, we commenced contacting all the accommodation
7、 agencies in the city.（分数：1.00）A.set aboutB.set downC.set outD.set up15.A careless person is apt to make mistakes.（分数：1.00）A.capableB.givenC.inclinedD.subject二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。BEnergy for living things/BWe have seen that all living things must take
8、 in and use energy to maintain their bodies, to grow, to obtain more energy, and to reproduce. Since the evolutionarily successful individual is one that leaves descendants in future generations, natural selection favours those individuals that can channel the most energy into producing offspring. T
9、he use of energy in other activities such as feeding, fighting, or growing is selectively advantageous only so far as these activities result in the organisms accumulating more energy to produce offspring.Each individual has an energy incomeall of the energy that it acquires during its lifetime. It
10、also has an energy budget, its allotment of different amounts of energy to various activities. The most evolutionarily successful organisms are those which are most effective in conversion of energy to offspring. This does not mean that organisms use all their energy directly to produce offspring. F
11、or example, suppose that a tree converts some of its energy into growing a large root system, the energy thus spent cannot be used to produce offspring. Its large root system may enable the tree to obtain a great deal of water and minerals from the soil and so to produce more leaves, another diversi
12、on of energy away from the production of offspring. However, all of the leaves that the tree produces may then enable the tree to synthesize more food than it would have otherwise, and so allow it to make up for some of its previous energy expenditure by producing more offspring in the end. Thus org
13、anisms make energy investment which may ultimately yield energy gains that can be reinvested in the production of offspring. Sometimes these investments will turn out to be selectively disadvantageous because they postpone production of offspring. If the organism meets an early death, it will never
14、get a chance to reproduce. So any item in an organisms energy budget must have the potential to produce an ultimate productive gain that is equal to the risks involved in diverting energy away from the immediate production of offspring.（分数：7.00）(1).The most evolutionarily successful individual is on
15、e that directs the most energy to reproduction.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Sometimes the investment of energy can be disadvantageous to organisms.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).It would be a waste of energy for organisms to use energy in non-productive
16、activities.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Each individual has an energy income and an energy budget sa well.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Organisms derive most of their energy ultimately form their parents.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned
17、(6).Not all energy of an organism is used in reproduction.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The ultimate significance of a trees growing a large not system can thus produce more offspring.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：8，分数：8.00)16.Paragra
18、ph 2 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_17.Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_18.Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_19.Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_20.The press criticizes the Bush Administration mainly because 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_21.To improve education and the environment is 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_22.The Watergate Scandal shows t
19、hat no one, not even the president, 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_23.John failed to control the news and failure proved 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文，并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BBDomestic violence/BDomestic violenceoverwhelmingly a male-ag
20、ainst-female problem but a major issue in same-sex relationships as wellis a public health dilemma that crosses boundaries of wealth, race and class. A decade ago, the standard question for a woman in an abusive relationship was: “Why dont you just leave?“ But evidence is mounting that “just leaving
21、“ can be dangerous; some men become revengeful when a woman stands her ground. This is complicated by the fact that women often feel ambivalent toward their abusers, and want legal intervention one day and not the next. While the basic pattern fits into cultural definitions of masculinity and femini
22、nity, abuse is really about power and control. Its the opportunity, and the entitlement, for the powerful to use force to control the less powerful.How can such a complex dynamic ever be changed?“What seems most effective,“ Merry said, “is a three-layered approach.“ First, there must be “some kind o
23、f punishment for the batterer. In the absence of punishment, other approaches dont have much impact. Second, there has to be some effort at reform-treatment programs.“ Over time, educating batterers that their behaviour is not acceptable can change cultural norms. Data suggest that, although many ba
24、tterers drop out of treatment programs, 80 percent of those who stay stop battering, at least for a year. “Third, there must be mechanisms that focus on the womans safety.“ Shelters help, but so do temporary restraining orderscivil court orders aimed at keeping the batterer away from his victim. Ove
25、r time, Merry said, “the law acts not just by imposing sanctions but also by creating normative standards for how people ought to treat each other.“ In recent years, the number of restraining orders has soared in many states, including Massachusetts. Restraining orders may not deter someone how is h
26、omicidal but they can work with a “relatively new batterer who has not had a lot of experience with the courts.“（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true about domestic violence?（分数：3.00）A.Domestic violence exists in rich and poor families alike.B.Domestic violence frequently happens in worki
27、ng class families.C.Domestic violence exists in same-sex and opposite-sex relationships.D.Domestic violence often takes the form of male-against-female.(2).For a woman in an abusive relationship, leaving proves dangerous because _.（分数：3.00）A.her leaving may lead to more violence when she returnsB.he
28、r leaving may mean she has no other way to protect herselfC.her leaving may be regarded as a sign of obedienceD.her leaving may imply she wont take legal actions(3).It can be inferred from the context that the phrase “stands her ground“ in the first paragraph probably means _.（分数：3.00）A.stands on th
29、e floorB.doesnt give inC.gives him a kickD.gives up on him(4).The abusive pattern is actually an exhibition of the concept that _.（分数：3.00）A.women are inferior to menB.men are more aggressive than womenC.the powerful has the right to controlD.power is the symbol of men(5).As to the remedies for dome
30、stic violence we know from the passage that _.（分数：3.00）A.reform-treatment programs actually dont work for most abusive personsB.punishment is the prior step for the success of other approachesC.efforts on changing abusive persons cultural norms prove to have lasting resultsD.restraining orders have
31、been proved successful for stopping various abusive per sons五、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)BExtending the workplace by means of computer/BTelecommutingsubstituting the computer for the trip to the jobas been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work.For worker it promises freedom
32、s from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high per formers on board, minimizes tardiness and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexib
33、ility. In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rushour congestion and improve air quality.But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires car
34、eful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images.Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer form New York cities moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office vi
35、a computer. A manager comes into his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child; she hooks up her telephone modem connections and does office work between calls to the doctor.These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflecti
36、on of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is nec
37、essary if the parent is to get any work done.Management, too, must separate the myth from the reality. Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases it is employees situation, not the availability of technology, that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement.Th
38、at is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains small.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem for office employees?（分数：3.00）A.They are normally restricted to the office.B.They have to
39、spare a great part of their salary for clothing.C.Sometimes they need to take care of their sick children.D.They often spend a lot of time driving in heavy traffic.(2).The word “solitude“ in Para. 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：3.00）A.carelessnessB.permissionC.lonelinessD.necessity(3).Whats the at
40、titude of some local governments towards telecommuting?（分数：3.00）A.They approve of it.B.They are against it.C.They are indifferent to ti.D.They force it into application.(4).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem for employers that is potentially solved by telecommuting?（分数：3.00）A.Emplo
41、yees lateness for their work.B.Employees absence from their work.C.Employees need for time alone to work intensively.D.Employees conflicts with their second jobs.(5).Which of the following is an example of telecommuting as described in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.A teacher directing computer-assisted lea
42、rning in a private school.B.A technical writer sending documents created at home via computer.C.A scientist in a laboratory developing plans for a space station.D.A manager controlling food production at home.六、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)BFridge/BThe fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since
43、 the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.“In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would
44、 last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余的) bread and milk became all kinks of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceases, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively
45、 little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existednatural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling.What refrigeration did promote was marketingmarketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the
46、 glode in search of search of a good price.Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be round, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically amost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continu
47、ously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated housewhile outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charg.The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignifica
48、nt. If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers (汉堡包), but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum.（分数：15.00）(1).The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.“ (Line 1, Para
49、. 2) suggests that _.（分数：3.00）A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB.the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fiftiesC.the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950sD.there was no fridge in the authors home in the 1950s(2).Why does the author say
