1、职称英语综合类 B级-11 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We have to ask them to quit talking in order that all people present could hear us clearly.（分数：1.00）A.beginB.ceaseC.continueD.keep2.Because administering the whole company, he sometimes has to work around the clock.（分数：1.00）A
2、.adjustingB.evaluatingC.engagingD.managing3.He emphasized a feasible plan which can be accepted by the both sides.（分数：1.00）A.favorableB.possibleC.formalD.genuine4.The repair work involved modifying two of the windows.（分数：1.00）A.clearingB.changingC.mendingD.painting5.She has been the subject of massi
3、ve media coverage.（分数：1.00）A.extensiveB.negativeC.expensiveD.active6.The committee comprises five persons.（分数：1.00）A.absorbsB.concernsC.excludesD.involves7.We all consider him a man of dynamic personalities.（分数：1.00）A.dangerousB.doubtfulC.activeD.easy8.We derive knowledge mainly from books.（分数：1.00）
4、A.depriveB.obtainC.descendD.trace9.The sea was calm and still.（分数：1.00）A.quiteB.quietC.yetD.rough10.The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.（分数：1.00）A.rejectedB.investigatedC.proposedD.postponed11.In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bu
5、ll.（分数：1.00）A.confusesB.excitesC.scaresD.satisfies12.The Klondike was the scene of one of the biggest gold rushes the world has ever known.（分数：1.00）A.locationB.viewC.eventD.landscape13.The local government decided to merge the two firms into a big one.（分数：1.00）A.motivateB.combineC.compactD.nominate1
6、4.When does the next train depart?（分数：1.00）A.pull upB.pull downC.pull outD.pull in15.The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table.（分数：1.00）A.suppliedB.gatheredC.graspedD.made二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)BWhy is the Native Language Learnt So Well/BHow does it happ
7、en that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental po
8、wers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue
9、is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, fight use of words and fight structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions,
10、which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has
11、another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the fight kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January
12、. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally, though a childs “teachers“ may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close an
13、d personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.（分数：7.00）(1).Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Adults knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreig
14、n language.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures ch
15、ildrens success of learning their mother tongue.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Gestures and facial expressions may assist a c
16、hild in mastering his native language.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).So far as language teaching is concerned, the teachers close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. W
17、rong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)BHurricanes (龙卷风)/BDid you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. but in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability (不可预知) fact
18、or of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist (性别歧视的) nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.Hurricanes and typhoons (台风) are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning “bi
19、g wind“. And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning “great wind“. To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.Hurricanes get their power from water vapor
20、 as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses (凝结) from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator (赤道). To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air, the kind of air that can only be found in tropical region.Scientists ha
21、ve determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we dont know how to make sure such great e
22、nergy work for us.Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location for several days. It can be maddening (发疯的) if
23、you live in a coastal area that may be hit.The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these, we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any n
24、ation again.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of _. A. the timely discovery（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Using weather satellites c
25、an ensure _of hurricanes.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Energy specialists may be interested in _of hurricanes.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)B第一篇/BB“Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts Harvests/BBritish scientists
26、 are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops,
27、 such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability
28、into crops, starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed
29、 barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then e
30、nters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells th
31、at do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will
32、try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is TRUE?（分数：3.00）A.T
33、hey are students at Sussex University.B.They are rice breeders.C.They are husband and wife.D.They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.(2).Flowers and Yeo have started a programme _.（分数：3.00）A.to find ways to prevent water pollutionB.to identify genes that promote growth ha salty soil
34、C.to breed rice plants that taste saltyD.to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B.The water table has gone down after droughts.C.Sea lev
35、el has been continuously rising.D.Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.(4).The word “affect“ in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.“influence“B.“effect“C.“stop“D.“present“(5).The attitude of the author towards the research project is _.（分数：3.00）A.positiveB.negativeC.suspiciousD.in
36、differentB第二篇/BBImportance of Services/BThe United States has moved beyond the industrial economy stage to the point where it has become the worlds first service economy. Almost three fourths of the non-farm labor force is employed in service industries, and over two-thirds of the nations gross nati
37、onal product is accounted for by services. Also, service jobs typically hold up better during a recession than do jobs in industries producing tangible goods.During the 20-year period of 1966 to 1986, about 36 million new jobs were created in the United States far more than in Japan and Western Euro
38、pe combined. About 90 per cent of these jobs were in service industries. During this same time span, some 22 million women joined the labor force and 97 per cent of these women went to work in the service sector. These employment trends are expected to continue at least until the year 2000. For the
39、period 19862000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that over 21 million new jobs will be created and 93 per cent of them will be in service industries.Moreover, most of this explosive growth in services employment is not in low paying jobs, contrary to the beliefs of many economists, business
40、and labor leaders, and politicians. These people argue that manufacturing jobs, which have been the economic foundation of Americas middle class, are vanishing. They claim that factory workers are being replaced with a host of low-wage earners. It is true that manufacturing jobs have declined, with
41、many of them going to foreign countries. It is also true that there has been growth in some low-paying service jobs. Yet cooks and counter people still represent only 1 per cent of the US labor force today. Furthermore, for many years the fastest-growing occupational category has been “professional,
42、 technical, and related work.“ These jobs pay well above the average, and most are in service industries.About one-half of consumer expenditures are for the purchase of services. Projections to the year 2000 indicate that services will attract all even larger share of consumer spending. A drawback o
43、f the service economy boom is that the prices of most services have been going up at a considerably faster rate than the prices of most tangible products. You are undoubtedly aware of this if you have had your car or TV set repaired, had your shoes half-soled, or paid a medical bill in recent years.
44、When we say that services account for close to one-half of consumer expenditures, we still grossly understate the economic importance of services. These figures do not include the vast amounts spent for business services. By all indications, spending for business services has increased even more rap
45、idly than spending for consumer services.gross national product 国民生产总值, 略作 GNPtangible goods 有形商品drawback n. 缺点; 不利条件（分数：15.00）(1).The first paragraph intends to tell US that _.（分数：3.00）A.services are more important than industries producing tangible goodsB.services are importantC.service jobs make
46、more money than other jobsD.services are more comfortable than other jobs(2).Between 1966 and 1986, the United States created about_.（分数：3.00）A.32.4 million service jobsB.32. 4 million jobsC.22 million service jobsD.19.8 million service jobs(3).Many economists, business and labor leaders and politic
47、ians believe that_.（分数：3.00）A.most of the explosive growth in service employment is not in low-paying jobsB.most of the fast growth in the service sector is in low-paying jobsC.manufacturing jobs are disappearing because they are no longer attractiveD.most of the fast growth in the service sector is
48、 in high-paying jobs(4).The importance of services can be shown_.（分数：3.00）A.only by consumer expenditureB.only by money spent on business servicesC.by money spent on business services as well as on consumer servicesD.only by money spent on food and housing(5).What does the writer of this passage disapprove of regarding services now?（分数：3.00）A.Their fast growth.B.Their decline.C.Their pricesD.Their quality.B第三篇/BBCommon-cold Sense/BYou cant beat it, but you dont have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because its more common in winter. The fact is, though,
