1、职称英语综合类 B类-阅读理解及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.There were around two and a half hours between the time the Titanic rammed into the iceberg and its fatal submersion. In this time 705 people were loaded into the twenty lifeboats. There were 473 empty seats available off lifeboats wh
2、ile over 1,500 people drowned. These figures raise two important issues. Firstly, why there were not enough lifeboats to seat every passenger and crew members on board. And secondly, why the lifeboats were not full.How many people could all the lifeboats hold? A. 705 B. 473 C. 1,178 D. 1,500（分数：1.00
3、）A.B.C.D.2.From the beginning, water has furnished mail with a source of food and a highway to travel upon. The first civilizations arose where water was a dominant element in the environment, a challenge to mans ingenuity. The Egyptians invented the 365 - day calendar in response to the Niles annua
4、l flooding. The Babylonians, who were among the most famous law -makers in ancient times, invented laws regulating water usage. Water inspired the Chinese to built a 1,000 - mile canal - a complex system, which, after nearly 2,500 years, remains still practically in use and still commands the astoni
5、shment of engineers. But the ancients never found complete solutions to their water problems. The Yellow River is also known as“ Chinas Sorrow“ ;it is so unpredictable and dangerous that in a single flood it has caused a million deaths. Floods slowed the great civilization of the Indus River Valley,
6、 and inadequate drainage ruined much of its land. Today water dominates man as it always has done. Its presence continues to govern the location of his homes and cities; its violent variability can kill man or his herds or his crops; its routes links him to his fellows; its immense value may add to
7、already dangerous political conflicts. There are many examples of this in our own time.Who of the following were among the most famous law makers? A. The ancient Chinese. B. The ancient Egyptians. C. The ancient Babylonians. D. The ancient Indians.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.When a woman reaches marriageable
8、 age, she and her parents compile a packet of information about her, including a photograph of her and description of her family background, education, hobbies, accomplishments, and interests. Her parents then inquire among their friends and acquaintances to see if anyone knows a man who would be a
9、suitable husband for her. The person who does becomes the gobetween, showing the packet to the potential bridegroom and, if both parties are interested, arranging a meeting in the restaurant of a posh (高档的，豪华的) hotel. The go - between is present, usually along with representatives from both families
10、. If the young people feel inclined, they will begin dating, with marriage as a possible but not inevitable result. It is not uncommon for a women to have 10 or more such introductions before she finds the man she wants to marry.If the mail and woman are interested in each other, they will A. begin
11、dating. B. get married. C. go to another introduction. D. begin dating but not marry.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The United States is a sports - loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms : organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic
12、 games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing is the game.
13、In the United States ,people enjoy all the following sports EXCEPT A. organized competitive struggles. B. athletic games. C. hunting and fishing. D. mountain climbing and bicyclin（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Government is essentially the only industry planning to hire more new grads this year than last. as th
14、e new Administration expands and a graying workforce retires. The up tick(上升，增加) in government recruiting is obvious to students. Last year, notes Dorothy Kerr, executive manager of Rutgers Universitys career services, there were just 15. government and nonprofit employers at the annual Big East Car
15、eer Day in Manhattans Madison Square Garden ; others were kept out to make room for 135 private -sector employers. This year, just 80 private companies signed up for the March 13 event, where 30 federal agencies will be on hand accepting resumes. “The good news is, the Federal Government is definite
16、ly hiring,“ Kerr says. Still, according to the NACE report, the projected increase is less than 6%.What is the reason that government is planning to hire more according to the passage? A. Colleges and universities called for government to hire more. B. The government is trying to stabilize the work
17、force market. C. The federal government encourages states to hire more. D. New Administration expands and more workers retir（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firms boar
18、d of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank - and - file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in
19、the companys profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and produetivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.Companies can give their
20、 workers a share of their profits through all the following ways EXCEPT A. employee stockownership plans. B. sale of the firm to the workers. C. bonuses. D. rewards for efficiency and productivity.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Many experts now believe that even if all space littering were to stop completely, t
21、he number of stray objects would continue to increase for centuries. The reason : debris is now so dense that objects will continue to crash into each other, creating even more objects, expanding the rubbish cloud geometrically. “Weve been saying for years that these things are going to happen,“ say
22、s Nicholas Johnson, head of NASAs Orbital Debris Program Office. “Until they happen, its hard to get peoples interest. “What seems to best describe Nicholas Johnsons attitude towards what has happened? A. He is happy that people are starting to pay attention to the problem. B. He is critical that pe
23、ople have not paid enough attention to the problem. C. He is objective when commenting on the problem of cosmic junk. D. He is supportive to what people have done to deal with the problem.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Cheour doesnt know how babies accomplish this night - learning, but she suspects that the spe
24、cial ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies dont “turn off“ their cerebral cortex while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she addsso forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under you
25、r pillow. But while it may not help grown -ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.What can scientists probably use the new discovery to do.9 A. To help adult pick up a new language more easily. B. To help babi
26、es learn their mother tongue more quickly. C. To help babies genetically at risk of language disorders. D. To help babies recover from genetic defects.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Grouping of students within the classroom occurs primarily at the elementary level. This organizational arrangement places student
27、s together in two or more groups in the classroom to improve the learning conditions for those students. Grouping in reading places students of the same achievement level together to enable the teacher to more easily work with them. Grouping, however, is becoming more popular in other subjects, and
28、for other purposes. Cooperative (协作的) learning groups, for example, place students of different abilities in the same group, and the students within that group help each other on assignments. These programs have been shown to he effective in raising students achievement as well as improving their so
29、cial skills and attitudes toward one another.Students of the same achievement level are grouped together so that A. they can help each other on assignments. B. they can improve their social skills. C. they can improve their attitudes towards one another. D. the teacher can work easily with them.（分数：
30、1.00）A.B.C.D.10.While the presidents Homeowner Stabilization Initiative, announced on Feb. 18, offers loan modifications for homeowners already in negative- equity (资产净值)situations and the stimulus package offers an $ 8,000 tax credit for first -time buyers, there are several places where such effor
31、ts are likely to have little effect.Specifically, you dont want to be a homeowner in several parts of California, Florida and the upper Midwest. Detroit, Mich. , Miami, Fl a. , and Merced, Calif. , are among the top five riskiest spots for homeowners, ranking second, third and fifth, respectively. C
32、alifornia and Florida areas dominate the list, taking up almost three - quarters of the 25 spots.What is the reason that people dont want to buy homes in some parts of California. Florida and the upper Midwest?A. They are very likely to lose money.B. People dont have money to buy homes.C. These plac
33、es are not covered in the stimulus package.D. Homes are too expensive in these places.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Intelligence was believed to he a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its value therefore, was as a predic
34、tor of childrens future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious. Intelligence tests could be used for
35、streaming children according to ability at an early age ; and atll these tests were superior to measurements of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education.Intelligence tests are useful for A. grouping children according to ability at an early age. B. educating child
36、ren in different ways. C. measuring childrens academic attainment. D. selecting children for special secondary education.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.In Britain arrangements for inviting and entertaining guests at a wedding are usually the responsibility of the brides family. In most cases, mainly friends an
37、d relations of both families are invited, but when the brides father is businessman of some kind, the wedding reception may provide a useful occasion for establishing social connections with clients or customers and other people whose good will may be of advantage to him. It is, however, the brides
38、mother who has the job of sending out the formal printed invitation cards.Some guests may be invited because A. they are likely to be annoyed if they are not. B. they may give valuable presents. C. their presence could provide future benefits. D. they may help with the expenses of the weddin（分数：1.00
39、）A.B.C.D.13.Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very pop
40、ular game with schools, and in more than 20 states, state -wide high school matches are held yeady.Football popular in the United States originated from A. England. B. the United States. C. Canada. D. Scotlan（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.In the late 1960s and early 1970s, New York legislators faced a drug pro
41、blem they feared was growing out of control. Federal statistics showed as many as 559,000 users nationwide and state police saw a 31 percent increase in drug arrests by 1972. In response Gov. Nelson Rockefeller created the Narcotic Addiction and Control Commission in 1967, aimed at helping addicts g
42、et clean. After the program proved too costly and ineffective. New York launched the Methadone(美沙酮) Maintenance Program, which similarly caused little reduction in drug use. But by 1973, calls for stricter penalties had grown too loud to ignore, prompting Albany to pass legislation that created requ
43、ired minimum sentences of 15 years to life for possession of four ounces of narcoticsabout the same as a sentence for second -degree murder.What was troubling New York in late 1960s and early 1970s according to the passage? A. There were 559,000 drug users in the state. B. There was a 31% increase i
44、n drug use by 1972. C. It was short of money solving drug problem. D. The drug problem seemed going out of control.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.It is very difficult to say just when colonization began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbuss journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settle
45、ment on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south, a great interesting gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, w
46、hen he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island ( probably off the New England coast)and return home. He and his soft made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a“ legal“ title to North A
47、meric a. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans interest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbuss first voyage. The English Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whol
48、e of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a furthe
49、r expedition arrived in 1590.The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginian companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves to the company. All were men and the experiment was not very successful many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand pe
