1、职称英语综合类 A级真题 2016年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项（第 115 题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Only people over 18 are eligible to vote. （分数：1.00）A.honestB.qualifiedC.enabledD.clever2.The latest car model embodies the new research development. （分数：1.00）A.listsB.includesC.borrowsD.broadens3.The coastal area
2、 has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extreme （分数：1.00）A.severeB.hardC.warmD.dry4.She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time. （分数：1.00）A.gradeB.attractC.bearD.suffer5.He wore a shabby thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill. （分数：1.00）A.oldB.bi
3、gC.newD.small6.The weather was so gorgeous that many people went outing. （分数：1.00）A.uncontrollableB.pleasantC.cloudyD.unbearable7.Competitors must abide by the judges decision （分数：1.00）A.keepB.readC.understandD.obey8.The umbrella was ingeniously devised to fold up into the pocket. （分数：1.00）A.serious
4、lyB.cleverlyC.attentivelyD.carefully9.Some newspapers in the west are notably biased. （分数：1.00）A.especiallyB.whollyC.totallyD.fairly10.His answers were obscure and confusing. （分数：1.00）A.unclearB.obviousC.clearD.direct11.The way she looked after her young sister was really touching （分数：1.00）A.disturb
5、ingB.connectingC.movingD.waving12.We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty. （分数：1.00）A.stableB.suitableC.changeableD.adaptable13.They have built canals to irrigate the desert. （分数：1.00）A.decorateB.changeC.visitD.water14.The details of the costume were totally authentic. （分数：1.
6、00）A.outstandingB.realC.creativeD.false15.The new garment fits her perfectly. （分数：1.00）A.clothesB.haircutC.purseD.necklace二、第二部分：阅读判断（第 1622 题，每题(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Income tax【个人所得税】 For many young Americans, graduating from college means finding a job, moving out of the dorm room and beginning to regist
7、er ones annual earnings with the US government. That last item is the law, though sometimes its a hassle(难事)to obey. Independent tax advisor Bob Gilbert calls the US income tax system “amazingly complicated“. But he adds that “very little of the complicated tax law applies to young people who are ju
8、st beginning their careers“. According to Gilbert, 80 to 90 percent of Americans are not really burdened by the systems complications. Still, all the numbers and forms can be a little confusing to those who are just starting their careers. Some pull out their calculators and try to do the math alone
9、. Some use income tax software. Others just hand the whole responsibility over to tax firms like Gilberts. According to income tax law expert Linda Beale, young people will often follow their parents lead when filling their income forms. “Young people who grow up in wealthy households typically use
10、professional tax services because their parents have always done so,“ said Beale, a professor at Wayne State University in Michigan State. “On the other hand, most poorer young people probably try to do their own taxes, unless they want a quick refund with the help of a tax advisor“. In fact, obeyin
11、g the law has its benefits. For one, many young people can expect a tax refund. This means that, over the course of the year, they have paid too much in monthly federal or state taxes and are entitled to the difference. Bob Thalman, a 20-year-old university student, expects he will get a refund of a
12、bout 100, which will probably go in the bank, or perhaps be used to pay for car insurance or credit card bills. Thalman called the whole process a “hassle“, but added that he didnt wat to test the law by not filling his income tax papers. “Im worried about what would happen if I failed to file,“ he
13、said. “I know one individual who did not report his income tax for many years, and hes now in federal prison. I certainly dont want that.“（分数：7.00）(1).A college student with a part-time job is not required to file an income tax form. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The US income tax system
14、 does not wholly apply to a college graduate who is just beginning his or her career. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Its pretty easy for a beginner to report his or her income tax. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).When young people file their income tax form, they will often foll
15、ow in their parents footsteps. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Young people from poorer families neednt file their income tax forms. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).If one has failed to report his or her income tax for quite a few years, he or she may be put in prison. （分数：1.00）A
16、.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The US income tax system will be simplified in the next few years. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 233(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Tunguska Event 1 A hundred years ago this week, a giganticexplosion ripped (撕裂) open the day y above a forest in western Siber
17、ia, leaving ascientific riddle that endures to this day. 2 A dazzling light pierced the heavens,followed by a shock wave as strong as 1,000 atomic bombs. The explosionflattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilometers. Thefireball was so great that, a day later, Londoners could rea
18、d their newspapersunder the night sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after thenearby Podkamennaya Tunguska river, still remains a mystery. 3 Experts suspect it was a rock that, aftertraveling in space for millions of years, was destined to crash to Earth atexactly 7:17 a.m. on June
19、 30, 1908. This possibility worries scientists.“Imagine an unspotted asteroid (小行星) hitting a significant chunk(块) of land . and imagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, werepopulated,” the British science journal Nature commented recently. 4 But no fragments of the “rock” have everbeen found. Finding
20、 such evidence would be important, for it would increase ourknowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects (NEOs), sayItalian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuseppe Longo. When thenext Tunguska NEO approaches, scientists will have to decide whether to try todeflect (
21、使偏转) it or blowit up in space. 5 However, several rival theories for theTunguska Event exist. Wolfgang Kundt, a professor at Germanys Bonn University,believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 million tonsof methane(甲烷)-rich gasfrom deep within earths crust. Some people hold th
22、at the explosion was causedby an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Competing Explanations B. Unknown Attacks C. Mysterious Explosion D. Star War E. Importance of Finding Evidence F. Explanation that Worries Scientists Paragraph 2（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph
23、 3 （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 4 （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).A. has remained a puzzle B. lacks sufficient evidence C. is a university professor D. was generated by the explosion E. will kill many animals F. are attacked by aliens The giganticexplosion that occ
24、urred a hundred years ago（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).The shock wavewhich followed the dazzling light（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).The hypothesisthat the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the Earth（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).Wolfgang Kundt,who has developed an alternative theory（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.
25、四、第四部分：阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：45.00)Dont count on dung Conservationists (自然保护主义者) may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung (粪) the crea
26、tures leave behind. The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions, according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in New York. Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees. “We
27、 really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect,“ says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants. Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a
28、given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays: Because its extremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere. But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate var
29、ies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray (离开正道), says Plumptre. He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per ce
30、nt more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around. This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from de
31、cay rates calculated locally, says Plumptre. “However accurate your dung density estimate might be, the decay rate can severely affect the result.“ Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephants natural range. The usual technique of m
32、onitoring only small, protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions, he says. “If the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being
33、poached (入侵偷猎) outside.“ Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows (地洞).（分数：15.00）(1).The word “threatened“ in the first sentence of the first paragraph could be best replaced by （分数：3.00）A.“endange
34、red“.B.“frightened“.C.“killed“.D.“angered“.(2).Why do researchers estimate elephant numbers in an area by counting dung piles? （分数：3.00）A.Because elephants are difficult to catch.B.Because it is not possible to count elephants from a plane.C.Because it is not possible to keep track of elephants.D.Be
35、cause elephants are shy animals.(3).Piles of dung cant be relied upon when it comes to estimating elephant numbers because （分数：3.00）A.they are different in size.B.they scatter all over the region.C.they are different in decay rate.D.they are different in quality.(4).According to Plumptre, the region
36、 over which a dung-pile census is carried out should be （分数：3.00）A.small enough.B.well protected.C.carefully monitored.D.large enough.(5).The first word “He“ in paragraph 6 refers to （分数：3.00）A.Andrew Plumptre.B.Katy Payne.C.Anthony Chifu Nchanji.D.the writer of the article.Black Holes Trigger Stars
37、 to Self-Destruct Scientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or ho
38、urs, once it gets close enough. Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Pari
39、s in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate stars life,as it veered towards a supermassive black hole. When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would i
40、ncrease the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur. The new s
41、imulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail,and found that even when their effects are included,the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the star-it will be completely destroyed,“ Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves so
42、me of the stars matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the stars matter out of the black holes reach, he says. The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several mont
43、hs after the event that rips the star apart,its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays. If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stag
44、e, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US. “It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough,“ he says. Brassart agrees. “Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but its something that needs to be more studied,“ he says.
45、 Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.（分数：15.00）(1).Something destructive coul
46、d happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? （分数：3.00）A.The black hole could tear apart the star.B.The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.C.The black hole could dwindle its size considerab
47、ly.D.The black hole could devour the star.(2).According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem of_ （分数：3.00）A.whether nuclear reaction would occur.B.whether the stars would increase its density and temperature.C.whether shock waves would occur.D.whether the uneve
48、n forces would flatten the stars.(3).According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following is NOT true? （分数：3.00）A.No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star.B.The star would be destroyed completely.C.Much of the stars matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black holes r
49、each.D.The black hole would completely devour the star.(4).What will happen several months after the explosion of the star? （分数：3.00）A.The stars matter will move further away from by the black hole.B.The black holes matter will heat up.C.The torn stars matter will swirl into the black hole.D.The black holes matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays.(5).According to the context, the word “disruption“ in Paragraph 6 means_ （分数：3.00）A.“Confusion.“B.“Tearing apart.“C.“Interruption.“D.“Flattening.“Sports star Yao Ming
