1、职称英语综合类 A 级真题 2013 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项（第 1-15 题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Rumors began to （circulate） about his financial problems. （分数：1.00）A.sendB.hearC.confirmD.spread2.Three world-class tennis players came to （contend） for this title.（分数：1.00）A.competeB.argueC.claimD.wish3.Th
2、e drinking water has become （contaminated） with lead.（分数：1.00）A.treatedB.pollutedC.testedD.corrupted4.Many experts remain （skeptical） about his claims.（分数：1.00）A.doubtfulB.untouchedC.certainD.silent5.Respect for life is a （cardinal） principle of the law.（分数：1.00）A.fundamentalB.moralC.regularD.hard6.
3、They didnt seem to appreciate the （magnitude） of the problem.（分数：1.00）A.existenceB.importanceC.causeD.situation7.She （shed） a few tears at her daughters wedding.（分数：1.00）A.wipedB.producedC.injectedD.removed8.The contract between the two companies will （expire） soon.（分数：1.00）A.shortenB.endC.startD.re
4、sume9.The rules are too （rigid） to allow for humane error.（分数：1.00）A.generalB.complexC.inflexibleD.direct10.The tower remains （intact） even after two hundred years.（分数：1.00）A.undamagedB.unknownC.unusualD.unstable11.The methods of communication used during the war were （primitive）.（分数：1.00）A.reliable
5、B.effectiveC.alternativeD.simple12.The police will need to keep a （wary） eye on this area of town.（分数：1.00）A.nakedB.cautiousC.blindD.private13.The proposal was （endorsed） by the majority of members.（分数：1.00）A.rejectedB.submittedC.approvedD.considered14.Come out, or Ill （bust） the door down. （分数：1.00
6、）A.shutB.breakC.setD.beat15.This species has nearly （died out） because its habitat is being destroyed. （分数：1.00）A.turned deadB.passed byC.carried awayD.become extinct二、第 2 部分：阅读判断（第 16-22 题，每题(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mau Piailug, Ocean Navigator Mau sailed from Hawaii to Tahiti using traditional methods In ea
7、rly 1976, a fisherman, led an expedition in which he sailed a traditional Polynesian boat across 2,500 miles of ocean from Hawaii to Tahiti. The Polynesian Voyaging Society had organized the expedition. Its purpose was to find out if seafarers (海员）in the distant past could have found their way from
8、one island to the other without navigational instruments, or whether the islands had been populated by accident. At the time, Mau was the only man alive who knew how to navigate just by observing the stars, the wind and the sea. He had never before sailed to Tahiti, which was a long way to the south
9、. However, he understood how the wind and the sea behave around islands, so he was confident he could find his way. The voyage took him and his crew a month to complete and he did it His grandfather began the task of teaching him how to navigate when he was still a baby. He showed him pools of water
10、 on the beach to teach him how the behaviour of the waves and wind changed in different places. Later, Mau used a circle of stones to memorize the positions of the stars. Each stone was laid out in the sand to represent a star. The voyage proved that Hawaiis first inhabitants came in small boats and
11、 navigated by reading the sea and the stars. Mau himself became a keen teacher, passing on his traditional secrets to people of other cultures so that his knowledge would not be lost. He explained the position of the stars to his students, but heallowed them to write things down because he knew they
12、 would never be able to remember everything as he had done.（分数：7.00）(1).At the time of his voyage, Mau had unique navigational skills.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Mau was familiar with the sea around Tahiti.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Mau could not afford a compass or char
13、ts. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Mau learnt navigation skills from his grandfather.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Mau used stones to memories where the stars were situated in the sky.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The first inhabitants of Hawaii could read and writ
14、e.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Mau expected his students to remember the positions of the stars immediately.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 23-3(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Traffic Jams No End in Sight 1. Traffic congestion affects people throughout the world. Traffic jamsc
15、ause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U.S., commuters to spend an average of a full work week each year sitting in traffic, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose
16、 their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy. 2. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers
17、will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centers thanks to congestion pricing. 3. Another way to reduce rush hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime, which lets employees t
18、ravel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether. 4. Some urban planners still bel
19、ieve that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them. 5. Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more
20、 and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase
21、 capacity on public transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.（分数：8.00）(1).A. A global problem B. Closing city centres to traffic C. Paying to get in D.
22、Not doing enough E. Changing work practice F. A solution which is no solution Paragraph 1（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 2（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 3（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 4（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).A. encourage more private cars B. travel regularly C. reduce traffic jams D. g
23、o by bus E. drive around F. spend more money Most American drivers think it convenient to _ .（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).If charged high enough, some drivers may _ to enter certain parts of town.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).Building more roads is not an effective way to _ .（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).The U.S.
24、 government has planned to _ updating public transport systems.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第 4 部分：阅读理解（第 31-45 题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 On the Trail of the Honey Badgers On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers (獾). The team employed a loca
25、l wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers movements and behaviour as discreetly (谨慎地) as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to trap a
26、few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animals reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do. “The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,” he says. “that, combined with their unpredicta
27、ble nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they wont be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. Theyre actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的). For
28、tunately this is rare, but it does happen.” The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, ho
29、wever, by the animals fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey (猎物). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loos
30、e family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fat that female badgers never socialized with each other. Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories
31、cover more than 500 square kilometers. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species. As the badgers became accustomed to the
32、presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals curiosity or their sudden aggression. The badgers eating patterns, which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatur
33、es that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seems to adopt the badgers relaxed attitude when near humans.（分数：15.00）(1).Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert? （分数：3.00）A.To observe how honey badgers behave.B.To find where honey badgers live.C.To catch some honey
34、 badgers for food.D.To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.(2).What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers? （分数：3.00）A.They are always looking for food.B.They do not enjoy human company.C.They show interest in things they are not familiar with.D.It is common for them to attack people.
35、(3).What did the team find out about honey badgers? （分数：3.00）A.There were some creatures they did not eat.B.They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.C.They were afraid of poisonous creatures.D.Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.(4).Which of the following is a typical feature o
36、f male badgers? （分数：3.00）A.They hunt over a very large area.B.They dont run very quickly.C.They defend their territory from other badgers.D.They are more aggressive than females(5).What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them? （分数：3.00）A.They became less aggressive towards other c
37、reatures.B.They started eating more.C.They lost interest in people.D.Other animals started working with them.第二篇 Making a Loss is the Height of Fashion Given that a good year in the haute couture business is one where you lose even more money than usual, the prevailing mood in Paris last week was of
38、 recession-busting buoyancy. The big-name designers were falling over themselves to boast of how many outfits they had sold at below cost price, and how this proved that the fashion business was healthier than ever. Jean-Paul Gaultier reported record sales, “but we dont make any money out of it,“ th
39、e designer assured journalists backstage. “No matter how successful you are, you cant make a profit from couture,“ explained Jean-Jacques Picart, a veteran fashion PR man, and co-founder of the now-bankrupt Lacroix house. Almost 20 years have passed since the Alice in Wonderland economics of the cou
40、ture business were first exposed. Outraged that he was losing money on evening dresses costing tens of thousands of pounds, the couturier Jean-Louis Scherrer to howls of “trahison“ from his colleagues - published a detailed summary of his costs. One outfit he described contained over half a mile of
41、gold thread, 18,000 sequins, and had required hundreds of hours of hand-stitching in an atelier. A fair price would have been 50,000, but the couturier could only get 35,000 for it. Rather than riding high on the follies of the super-rich, he and his team could barely feed their hungry families. The
42、 result was an outcry and the first of a series of government - and industry-sponsored inquiries into the surreal world of ultimate fashion. The trade continues to insist that - relatively speaking - couture offers you more than you pay for, but its not as simple as that. When such a temple of old w
43、ealth starts talking about value for money, it isnt to convince anyone that dresses costing as much as houses are a bargain. Rather, it is to preserve the peculiar mystique, lucrative associations and threatened interests that couture represents. Essentially, the arguments couldnt be simpler. On one
44、 side are those who say that the business will die if it doesnt change. On the other are those who say it will die if it does. Whats not in doubt is that haute couture - the term translates as “high sewing“ - is a spectacular anachronism. Colossal in its costs, tiny in its clientele and questionable
45、 in its influence, it still remains one of the great themes of Parisian life. In his book, The Fashion Conspiracy, Nicholas Coleridge estimates that the entire couture industry rests on the whims of less than 30 immensely wealthy women, and although the number may have grown in recent years with the
46、 new prosperity of Asia, the number of couture customers worldwide is no more than 4,000. To qualify as couture, a garment must be entirely hand-made by one of the 11 Paris couture houses registered to the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture. Each house must employ at least 20 people, and show a m
47、inimum of 75 new designs a year. So far, so stirringly traditional, but the Big Four operators - Chanel, Dior, Givenchy and Gaultier increasingly use couture as a marketing device for their far more profitable ready-to-wear, fragrance and accessory lines.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the main idea of the fi
48、rst paragraph? （分数：3.00）A.The haute couture business is expanding quickly.B.The haute couture designers claim losses in their sales.C.The haute couture designers make much profit in their sales.D.The haute couture businessmen are happy with their profit.(2).According to the second paragraph, Jean-Lo
49、uis Scherrer （分数：3.00）A.was very angry as he was losing money.B.was in a worse financial position than other couturier.C.was one of the best known couturiers.D.stopped producing haute couture dresses.(3).The writer says that the outfit Jean-Louis Scherrer described （分数：3.00）A.was worth the price that was paid for it.B.cost more to make than it should have.C.was never sold to anyone.D.should have cost the customer more than it did.(4).The writer says in paragraph 4 that there is disagreement over （分数：3.00）A.the history of haute couture.B.the real costs of
