1、职称英语综合类 A级真题 2012年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第 1部分:词汇选项（第 1?15题, 每题(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.All the flats in the building had the same layout. （分数：1.00）A.arrangementB.colorC.sizeD.function2.Our aim was to update the health service, and we succeeded. （分数：1.00）A.offerB.provideC.fundD.modernize3.He has be
2、en granted asylum in France. （分数：1.00）A.powerB.reliefC.protectionD.license4.Nothing would induce me to vote for him again. （分数：1.00）A.teachB.helpC.discourageD.attract5.Every week the magazine presents the profile of a well-known sports personality. （分数：1.00）A.successB.evidenceC.descriptionD.plan6.He
3、r comments about men are utterly ridiculous. （分数：1.00）A.slightlyB.completelyC.partlyD.faintly7.The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks. （分数：1.00）A.bigB.longC.emptyD.new8.We almost ran into a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling. （分数：1.00）A.overtookB.passedC.hitD.found9.W
4、hen I heard the noise in the next room, I couldnt resist having a peep. （分数：1.00）A.chanceB.lookC.visitD.try10.She moves from one exotic location to another. （分数：1.00）A.familiarB.similarC.properD.unusual11.He was weary of the constant battle between them. （分数：1.00）A.fondB.proudC.afraidD.tired12.The p
5、hotographs evoked strong memories of our holiday in France.（分数：1.00）A.storedB.refreshedC.blockedD.erased13.New born babies can discriminate between a mans and a womans voice. （分数：1.00）A.distinguishB.treatC.expressD.analyze14.He shifted his position a little in order to alleviate the pain in his leg.
6、 （分数：1.00）A.easeB.controlC.experienceD.suffer15.The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountain fifty miles away. （分数：1.00）A.freshB.hotC.heavyD.windy二、第二部分：阅读判断（第 1622题，每题(总题数：1，分数：7.00)In Sports, Red is the Winning Color When opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed
7、in red is more likely to win, according to a new study. British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes ofone-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman-wresting, and freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olymp
8、ics in Athens, Greece. In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors. When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more likely to win the bout. “Where there was a large point differencepresum
9、ably because one contestant was far superior to the othercolor had no effect on the outcome,” Barton said. “Where there was a small point differ?ence, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance.” In equally matched bouts, the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be
10、 at?tributed to chance, the anthropologists say. Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament. Their report will be published in tomorrows issue of the journal Nature. Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of
11、Cambridge in England, has found simi?lar results in nature. Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red col?oration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating. The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her, adding that “
12、the idea of the study is very clever. ” Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual sig?nals in primates“red seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and testos?terone levels,“ Barton said. For example, studies by Setchel
13、l, the Cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds dominance. Barton said he and Hill
14、speculated some speculated that “there might be a similar effect in hu?mans. And if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests. ” The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans response to color. Setchell, the primatologist, agrees. “As Hill
15、and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale when were scared. These are very important signals to other individuals,” she said The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports“though it is clearly not very widely appreciated, on a cons
16、cious level at least,” Barton said. He adds that the finding of reds advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire. In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached the pedestal with an unintended ad
17、vantage. “That is the implication, though we cannot say that it made the difference in any one specific case,” Barton said. Meanwhile, Setchell notedtongue-in-cheekthat a red advantage may not be limited to sports. “Going by the recent U.S. election results, red is indeed quite successful,” she said
18、. （分数：7.00）(1).Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcome of sports matched. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Hill and Barton are both interested in primates. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate. （分数：1.00
19、）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Red is not an advantage for zebra finches. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win. （分数：1.00）A.Righ
20、tB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports uniforms. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第 233(总题数：2，分数：8.00)How Technology Pushes Down Price 1. Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution techn
21、ology. Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. People who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less cap?ital. Food is therefore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been. Spending on food compared with other
22、 goods has fallen for many years, and continues to drop. 2. Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale. Like any big busi?ness, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. As supermarkets get bigger, the prices get l
23、ower. 3. Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on producers to cut their margins. As a result, some producers have had to make cuts. In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33, 000 to 245, 000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of
24、 its “path to growth” strategy. Cadbury has shut nearly 20 percent of its 133 factories and cut 10 percent of its 55, 000 global workforce. These cuts help keep costs down, and the price of food stays low. 4. Does cheap food make people unhealthy? Cheap food may encourage people to eat more. Food co
25、mpanies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. That is why por?tions have got larger and larger. In America, soft drinks came in 8oz (225g) cans in the past, then
26、12oz (350g), and now come in 20oz (550g) cans. If a company can sell you an 8oz portion for $7, they can sell you a 12oz portion for $ 8. The only extra cost to the company is the food, which proba?bly costs 25 cents. 5. Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money
27、. But it is hard to change the trend. A. Huge retailers force producers to cunt costs B. Consumers like supermarkets C. Technology helps reduce food prices D. Food comes cheaper in larger portions E. Chain stores provide better service F. Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices （分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph
28、 2_ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 3_ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 4_ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5_ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.A. their workforce B. huge portions C. large quantities D. their money E. a good barging F. minor brands （分数：4.00）(1).Big supermarkets can offer food at lower pr
29、ices because they can buy in_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Some food producers have reduced_ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Besides cutting its cost, Unilever also abandoned its_ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got_ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第四部分：阅读理解（第 3145题，每题(总题
30、数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 DNA testing DNA testing reveals the genes of each individual person. Since the early twentieth century scientists have known that all human characteristics are contained in a persons genes and are passed from parents to children. Genes work as a chemical instruction manual for each
31、part and each function of the body. Their basic chemical element is called DNA, a copy of which can be found in every cell. The existence of genes and the chemical structure of DNA were understood by the mid-1900s, but scientists have only recently been able to identify a person from just a drop of
32、blood or a single hair. One of the most important uses of DNA testing is in criminal investigation. The very first use of DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in Great Britain, when a man confessed to killing a young woman in the English countryside. Because police had found samples of the kil
33、lers DNA at the scene of the crime, a biologist suggested that it might be possible to compare that DNA to some from the confessors blood. To everyones surprise, the tests showed that he was not the killer. Nor was he guilty of a similar murder that had happened some time earlier. At that point he a
34、dmitted that he had confessed to the crimes out of fear and police pressure. The police then asked 5, 000 local men for samples of their blood, and DNA testing revealed that one of them was the real murderer, so the first man was set free. In 1992, two law professors, Peter Neufeld and Barry Scheck,
35、 decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convicted prisoners. With the help of their students, they created a not- for-profit organization called the Innocence Project. Most of their clients are poor men, many from racial and ethnic minorities. In fact, studies have shown that U
36、. S. judges and juries are often influenced by racial and ethnic background, and that people from minority groups are more likely to be convicted. Some of these men had been sentenced to death, a form of punishment used in thirty eight states out of fifty (as of 2006). For most of these prisoners, t
37、heir only hope was another trial in which DNA testing could be used to prove their innocence. Between 1992 and 2006, the Innocence Project helped free 100 men. Some of these prisoners had been in jail for ten, twenty years or more for crimes they did not commit. However, the goal of the Innocence Pr
38、oject is not simply to set free those who are wrongfully in jail. They also hope to bring about real changes in the criminal justice system. Illinois in the late 1990s, a group of journalism students at Northwestern University were able to bring about such a change in that state. They began investig
39、ating some Illinois prisoners who claimed to be innocent. Through DNA testing, the students were able to prove that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crimes they had been accused of. Thirteen of these men were set free, and in 2000, Governor Ryan of Illinois decided to stop carrying out d
40、eath sentences until further study could be made of the prisoners cases. The use of DNA in criminal cases is still being debated around the world. Some fear that governments will one day keep records of everyones DNA, which could put limits on the privacy and freedom of citizens. Other people mistru
41、st the science of DNA testing and think that lawyers use it to get their clients free whether or not they are guilty. But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now free men, DNA testing has meant nothing less than a return to life. And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent
42、 person should ever be convicted again. （分数：15.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage? （分数：3.00）A.DNA testing has changed the American legal system.B.DNA testing has helped innocent men go free in Illinois.C.DNA testing uses genetics to identify a person.D.DNA testing has played a key role in
43、criminal investigation.(2).DNA testing was first used in a criminal case by _. （分数：3.00）A.a lawyer in New YorkB.students in IllinoisC.doctors in the United StatesD.police in Great Britain(3).The Innocence Project uses DNA testing to _. （分数：3.00）A.set free innocent prisonerB.help the police put peopl
44、e in prisonC.find out which lawyer are incompetentD.prove that suspects are guilty(4).Some students in Northwestern University _. （分数：3.00）A.proved some prisoners were not guiltyB.believed some suspects were from ethnic groupsC.told the governors of Illinois not to free the prisonersD.showed DNA tes
45、ting was not always reliable(5).What is the authors attitude toward DNA testing? （分数：3.00）A.Negative.B.Positive.C.Suspicious.D.Indifferent.第二篇 Going Her Own Way When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her educ
46、ation. Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic “finishing” schools. There they learned a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Mariaor h
47、er mother. By this time, she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark. Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending
48、the public high school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two types of high schools: the “classical” schools and the “technical” schools. In the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greek language
49、and literature, and Italian literature and history. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools. Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modern than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages, mathematics, science, and accounting. Most peopleincluding Marias fatherbelieved that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for gir
