1、职称英语综合类 A级真题 2004年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项 (第 115 题，每(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Mary has blended the ingredients （分数：1.00）A.mixedB.madeC.cookedD.eaten2.They agreed to modify their policy （分数：1.00）A.clarifyB.changeC.defineD.develop3.The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in Septembe
2、r. （分数：1.00）A.playB.sendC.showD.tell4.A notably short man，he plays basketball with his staff several times a week. （分数：1.00）A.practicallyB.considerablyC.remarkablyD.completely5.The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth. （分数：1.00）A.take outB.repairC.push inD.dig6. It is absurd to predict that
3、the sun will not rise tomorrow （分数：1.00）A.ridiculousB.funnyC.oddD.foolish7.A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water. （分数：1.00）A.muddiedB.pollutedC.mixedD.troubled8.The room is dim and quiet （分数：1.00）A.tinyB.pleasantC.darkD.agreeable9.The index is the governments chief gauge o
4、f future economic activity （分数：1.00）A.measureB.opinionC.evaluationD.decision10.Its prudent to start any exercise program gradually at first （分数：1.00）A.workableB.sensibleC.possibleD.feasible11.He is renowned for his skill. （分数：1.00）A.rememberedB.praisedC.recommendedD.well-known12.You have to be patie
5、nt if you want to sustain your position （分数：1.00）A.maintainB.establishC.acquireD.support13.She stood theretrembling with fear. （分数：1.00）A.jumpingB.cryingC.swayingD.shaking14. Medical facilities are being upgraded （分数：1.00）A.renewedB.repairedC.improvedD.increased15.Mary looked pale andweary （分数：1.00）
6、A.gloomyB.uglyC.sillyD.exhausted二、第 2部分：阅渎判断 (第 1622 题，(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Winners and Losers Why are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia，whereas the biggest losers are mostly in theformer Soviet bloc(集团)and subSaharan Africa? History is a partial g
7、uide：East Asia has a long trading tradition，lately reinvigorated(给以新的活力)by the Chinese adoption of market economicsThe Soviet Union，on the other hand，was sheltered from freemarket forces for more than 70 yearsIn Africa，some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure(基础结构)；many
8、countries have little to trade but commodities，the prices of which have fallen in recent years In some regions，certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies，often under pressure from International Monetary FundFirst among these is Russiawhich in the early 1990s tried to embrace capi
9、talism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work，such as an independent bank system，a system of business law, and all adequate method for collecting taxesEncouraged by the IMF the World Bank and the USDepartment of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsins regime privatized the s
10、tateowned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs(寡头政治集团成员)，who，knowing how unstable conditions were at homesent their money abroad instead of investing it at home In contrast，China，the biggest winner from globalization，did not follow the IMF formula Of the former states of the Soviet bloc，
11、only a few，notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plansincluding spending more than they collected in taxesBotswana and Uganda are also Success stories： despite their disadvantages，their countries achieved vigorous growth by creat
12、ing stable civil societies，liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions （分数：7.00）(1). Japan has a long trading tradition （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).All African countries
13、 followed the IMF formula （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The Soviet Union was a capitalist country （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).China did not take IMF advice （分数：1.00）A.RightB
14、.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第 23(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Stanford University 1 Stanford University, famous as one of northern Californias several institutions of higher learning，is someti
15、mes called “the Harvard of the West” The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco，a city thirty-two miles to the north，gives the university a decidedly cosmopolitan (世界性的) flavor 2 The students are enrolled mainly from the western United StatesBut most of the fifty states send students to Stanford，and
16、 many foreign students study here，as wellAnd standards for admission remain highYoung men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes 3 Not only because of me high caliber(素质)of its students but also because of the desirable location and
17、 climate，Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the worlds most respected scholarsThe university staff has included many Nobel prize winners such as DrFelix Bloch，DrRobert Hofstadter, and DrWilliam Shockley in physicsDrAuthor Kornberg and DrJoshua Lederberg in medicineand DrPaul JFlory and Dr
18、Linus Pauling in chemistryThe Russian novelist Aleksandr Solzhenistsyn has been in residenceStanfordS undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business，law，and medicine are especially well-regarded 4 What is student life like on “The Farm”? Culturallythe campus is a magnet for
19、 both students and citizens of nearby communitiesP1ays，concerts，and operas are performed in the universitys several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater, where graduations are also heldSeveral film series are presented during the school yearGuest lecturers from public and academic life frequently
20、appear on campusIn the evenings，many students gather to socialize in the Student Unions coffee house；here the beverages(饮料)and the atmosphere both have a decidedly European flavorFor the sportsminded，the Stanford campus offers highly developed athletic facilitiesTeam spots，swimming，and track and fie
21、ld activity are a11 very much part of the Stanford pictureSo are bicycling and jogging 5 In addition to financial support from alumni(校友)，Stanford receives grants from the government and from private philanthropic(慈善的)foundations。In recent years，government grants have made possible advanced studies
22、in the fields of history, psychology, education，and atomic energyAt present Stanford is carrying out an ambitious building program，financed in part by山 e Ford Foundations 25 million grantRecently added to the campus are a new physics building，new school of business，new graduate school of law，new stu
23、dent union，and undergraduate library 23 Paragraph 2 _ . 24 Paragraph 3_ . 25 Paragraph 4_ . 26 Paragraph 5_ . A Colorful Life on Campus B Intelligent Student Body C School Administration D Distinguished Faculty E Substantial Financial Support F The Harvard of the West （分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.
24、D.A.B.C.D.E.27 Those high school graduates who can enter Stanford University _. 28 Many professors like to teach in this university partly because here_ . 29 On the faculty of the university there are_ . 30 Financial support from both private organizations and the government has made possible_ . A t
25、hey can find the best students B the universitys academic advancement and physical extension C some of the most distinguished scholars D where a sports meet is held every year E must have been the top students in their classes F must be hardworking （分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.四、第 4部分：
26、阅读理解(第 3l45题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial Success，few nations can match GermanySince the 1940s,the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from scienceAnd though Ge
27、rman prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰退)over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic declineit still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit Much of the reason for 也 at success is the Fraunhofer Society，a network of research institute
28、s t11at exists solely to solve industrial problems and create soughtafter technologiesBut today the Fraunhofer institutes have competitionUniversities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all overThese efforts are being complemented by the fede
29、ral programmes for pumping money into start-up companies Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success，but it is not without its criticsThese people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science，eventually starving industry of fresh ideasIf every scientist s
30、tarts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家)，the argument goes，then the traditional principles of university research being curiositydrivenfree and widely available will SufferOthers claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses t
31、hat are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networkswhich bear famous names such as Helmholtz，Max Planck and LeibnizYet it is the fourth network，the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in
32、 technology transfer Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for applied technology，and has 59 institutes employing 12，000 peopleIt continues to growLast year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in BerlinToday, there are even
33、 Fraunhofers in the US and Asia （分数：15.00）(1).What factor can be attributed to German prosperity? （分数：3.00）A.Technology transferB.Good managementC.Hard workD.Fierce competition(2).Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research? （分数：3.00）A.It is freeB.It is profit-drivenC.It is
34、 widely availableD.It is curiosity-driven(3).The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in （分数：3.00）A.AsiaB.USAC.EuropeD.Africa(4).Whenwas the Fraunhofer Society founded? （分数：3.00）A.In 1940.B.Last yearC.After the unificationD.In 1949.(5). The word “expertise in line 3
35、could be best replaced by （分数：3.00）A.“experts”B.scientists”C.“scholars”D.special knowledge”第二篇 Star Quality A new anti-cheating system for counting the judges scores in ice skating is flawed，according to leading sports specialistsIce skatings governing body announced the new rules last week after co
36、ncerns that a judge at the Winter Olympics may have been unfairly influenced Initially the judges in the pairs figureskating event at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City voted 5 to 4 to give the gold medal to a Russian pair，even though they had a fall during their routineBut the International Skat
37、ing Union suspended the French judge for failing to reveal that she had been put under pressure to Vote for the RussiansThe International Olympics Committee then decided to give a second gold to the Canadian runners-up(亚军) The ISU，skatings governing body, now says it intends to change the rulesIn fu
38、ture 14 judges will judge each event，but only 7 of their scores-selected at random-will count, The ISU wont finally approve the new system until it meets in June but already UK Sportthe British Governments sports bodyhas expressed reservations“I remain to be convinced that the random selection syste
39、m would offer the guarantees that everyone concerned with ethical sport is looking for，says Jerry Bingham，UK Sports head of ethics(伦理) A random system can still be manipulated，says Mark Dixon，a specialist on sports statistics from the Royal Statistical Society in London“The score of one or two judge
40、s who have been nobbled(受到贿赂)may still be in the seven selected” Many other sports that have judges，including diving，gymnastics，and synchronized swimminghave a system that discards the highest and lowest scoresIf a judge was under pressure to favour a particular team，they would tend to give it very
41、high scores and mark down the opposition team，so their scores wouldnt countIt works for diving，says Jeff Cook，a member of the international government bodys technical committee“If you remove those at the top and bottom youre left with those in the middle，SO youre getting a reasonable average Since t
42、he 2000 Olympics in Sydney, diving has tightened up in its system still furtherTwo separate panels of judges score different rounds of diving during top competitionsNeither panel knows the scores given by the otherWe have done this to head off any suggestion of bias”says Cook Bingham urged the ISU t
43、o consider other options“Tms should involve examining the way in which other sports deal with the problem of adjudicating(裁定)on matter of style and presentation，”he says （分数：15.00）(1). Who won the gold medal in the pairs figure-skating event? （分数：3.00）A.The Russian pairB.The Canadian pairC.Both the
44、Russian pair and the Canadian pairD.The French pair(2).According to the new rules proposed by the ISU，which of the following is right? （分数：3.00）A.The number of judges will be doubledB.Only half of the judges will scoreC.Only some selected judges will scoreD.Only half of the scores will count(3).What
45、 does Jerry Bingham express by saying “I remain to be convinced”? （分数：3.00）A.His angerB.His criticismC.His agreementD.His doubt(4).The attitude of those concerned in the UK to the new rules proposed by ISU Can be best described as （分数：3.00）A.indifferentB.reservedC.enthusiasticD.positive(5).Which of
46、the following is NOT true of the scoring system for diving? （分数：3.00）A.It is more biasedB.It is more reasonableC.It is fairerD.It is tighter第三篇 Eat More，Weigh Less，Live Longer Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near。starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals Ron
47、ald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston，US，and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan(寿命)of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodents(啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific cellsThis suggests that thinness-and hot necessarily diet-promotes long life in “ calerie (热量卡) restricted” ani
48、mals “Its very cool work”says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California，San Francisco“These mice eat all they want，lose weight and live longerIts like heaven” Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodentsWhether this works in humans is still unknown，partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer lifeOne theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmfu
