1、职称英语综合类 A级模拟 84及答案解析(总分：101.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：16.00)1.Success often depends on temperament .（分数：1.00）A.educationB.aristocracyC.dispositionD.experience2.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.（分数：1.50）A.attractB.encourageC.requireD.spend3.This kind of animals ar
2、e on the verge of extinction , because so many are being killed for their fur._（分数：1.00）A.drying upB.dying outC.being exportedD.being transplanted4.His professional career spanned 16 years.（分数：1.00）A.startedB.changedC.movedD.lasted5.On the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers.（分数：1.00）A.w
3、ildB.freshC.lovelyD.false6.The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.（分数：1.50）A.take outB.repairC.push inD.dig7.The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased issue volume , a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.（分数：1.00）A.manipulation
4、B.reproductionC.circulationD.penetration8.If there should be human beings on other planets, they would be radically different from Americans.（分数：1.00）A.exactlyB.initiallyC.basicallyD.partially9.The little girl grasped her mother“s hand as she crossed the street.（分数：1.00）A.understoodB.had a hold over
5、C.took hold ofD.left hold of10.She is always diplomatic when she deals with naughty students._（分数：1.00）A.firmB.tactfulC.outspokenD.rude11.Travelling and meeting new people widen the mind of young people.（分数：1.00）A.expandedB.enlargedC.broadenedD.extended12.A person“s wealth is often in inverse propor
6、tion to their happiness.（分数：1.00）A.equalB.certainC.largeD.opposite13.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.（分数：1.00）A.makingB.takingC.discussingD.expecting14.At last John Smith chose to step down as the company“s chief executive and return to hisroots in software research.（分数：1.00
7、）A.resignB.removeC.retireD.replace15.His words activated my spirit.（分数：1.00）A.curbedB.dampenedC.confusedD.stimulated二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Only Way Is UpThink of a modern city and the first image that comes to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heave
8、n. It is true that some cities don“t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers. When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for
9、 land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards. The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th c
10、entury. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home. Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the
11、 liftor elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cord
12、s that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders. A lift would not be a very goo
13、d theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in
14、observing them in lifts. “It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with usand you just can“t choose to move away,“ says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. “Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions,“ he says. Some people
15、are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the comers. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a comer taking not
16、es. Don“t worry about them. They are probably from a university.（分数：7.00）(1).Some cities concerned with the past permit buildings to go above a certain height.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).In a modern city, there has been built many skyscrapers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).T
17、he best way to make money out of city land is to build upwards for more people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The technology of building upwards existed in the early 19th century.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Otis sold immediately the idea of the lift to architects and builder
18、s.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Going in a lift is convenient every day.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).People trapped in this lift have different types of tensions.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Adult Education1. Voluntary learning in org
19、anized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technolog
20、ical developments, seek better self-understanding, or develop new talents and skills. 2. This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, s
21、tudy groups, workshops, clubs and professional associations. 3. Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities; ne
22、w types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults. 4. The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham a
23、nd a mechanics institution in Glasgow. Benjamin Franklin and some friends found the earliest adult education institution in the U.S. in Philadelphia in 1727. 5. People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in man
24、y countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Necessity for developing adult education B. Early days of adult education C
25、. Ways of receiving adult education D. Growth of adult education E. Institutions of adult education F. Definition of adult education（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Some adults want to learn 1. A. by social and economic changes B. guided self
26、-study and correspondence courses C. by studying together with children D. what they did not manage to learn earlier E. dates back to the eighteenth century F. mass production（分数：1.00）(6).There are various forms of adult education, including 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Adult education has been made necessary by
27、1.（分数：1.00）(8).The earliest organized adult education originated in 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Photos Big Business NowPhotos that you might have found down the back of your sofa are now big business! In 2005, the American artist Richard Prince“s photograph of a photog
28、rapher, Untitled (Cow- boy), was sold for $1,248,000. Prince is certainly not the only contemporary artist to have worked with so-called “found photographs“a loose term given to everything from discarded(丢弃的) prints discovered in a junk shop to old advertisements or amateur photographs from a strang
29、er“s family album. The German artist Joachim Schmid, who believes “basically everything is worth looking at“, has gathered discarded photographs, postcards and newspaper images since 1982. In his on-going project, Archiv, he groups photographs of family life according to themes: people with dogs; te
30、ams; new cars; dinner with the family; and so on. Like Schmid, the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion (捍卫) found photographs. One of them, called simply Found, was born on one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper (雨刷) an an
31、gry note intended for someone else: “Why“s your car HERE at HER place?“ The note became the starting point for Rothbard“s addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such as poster discovered in our drawer. The whole found-photograph phenomenon has raised some questio
32、ns. Perhaps one of the most difficult is: can these images really be considered as art? And if so, whose art? Yet found photographs produced by artists, such Richard Prince, may riding his horse hurriedly to meet someone? Or how did Prince create this photograph? It“s anyone“s guess. In addition, as
33、 we imagine the back-story to the people in the found photographs artists, like Schmid, have collated (整理), we also turn toward to our own photographic albums. Why is memory so important to us? Why do we all seek to freeze in time the faces of our children, our parents, our lovers, and ourselves? Wi
34、ll they mean anything to anyone after we“ve gone? In the absence of established facts, the vast collections of found photographs give our minds an opportunity to wander freely. That, above all, is why they are so fascinating.（分数：15.00）(1).The first paragraph of the passage is used to _.（分数：3.00）A.re
35、mind readers of found photographsB.advise readers to start a new kind of businessC.ask readers to find photographs behind sofaD.show readers the value of found photographs(2).According to the passage, Joachim Schmid _.（分数：3.00）A.is fond of collecting family life photographsB.found a complaining not
36、under his car wiperC.is working for several self-published magazinesD.wondered at the artistic nature of found photographs(3).The underlined word “them“ in Para 4 refers to _.（分数：3.00）A.the readersB.the editorsC.the found photographsD.the self-published magazines(4).By asking a series of questions i
37、n Para 5, the author mainly intends to indicate that _.（分数：3.00）A.memory of the past is very important to peopleB.found photographs allow people to think freelyC.the back-story of found photographs is puzzlingD.the real value of found photographs is questionable(5).The author“s attitude towards to f
38、ound photographs can be described as _.（分数：3.00）A.criticalB.doubtfulC.optimisticD.satisfied六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Ford“s Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that
39、 it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make carsone, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场). Back in the early 1900s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a “disassembly line“. Ford reversed this pro
40、cess to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyor, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor Da
41、vid Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened. “The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds p
42、er person.“ Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖、拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It hasn“t been long before Ford was turning out several hundred and thous
43、and cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers and the world all copied him. In fact, he e
44、ncouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow . The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following
45、 statements about Henry Ford is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.He introduced a new way of production.B.He influenced all manufacturing.C.He inspired other auto makers.D.He changed a historian“s mind.(2).The writer mentions “slaughterhouses“ because they were the places where _.（分数：3.00）A.Ford“s assembly line o
46、riginatedB.Ford made his first carC.Ford readjusted the assembly lineD.Ford innovated the disassembly line(3).A magneto is a technical term for _.（分数：3.00）A.an automobileB.a production lineC.a part of an automobile engineD.a disassembly line(4).The phrase “turning out“ in the fourth paragraph could
47、be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.producingB.sellingC.buyingD.fixing(5).The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry Ford _.（分数：3.00）A.to create more jobs for the unemployedB.to write a book on historyC.to reduce the price of his cars to $260D.to cut the production of his cars by 50%七、第三篇(总题数：1，分
48、数：15.00)Don“t Rely on Indirect EvidenceConservationists may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung (粪) the creatures leave behin
49、d. The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions,according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in New York. Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees. “We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect,“ says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants. Counting elephants from aeroplanes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate
