1、职称英语综合类 A 级模拟 80 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers.（分数：1.00）A.protectionB.indicationC.immunityD.danger2.They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.（分数：1.00）A.solveB.determineC.untieD.comp
2、lete3.The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman.（分数：1.00）A.weptB.criedC.ranD.shook4.We have got to abide by the rules.（分数：1.00）A.stick toB.persist inC.safeguardD.apply5.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east.（分数：1.00）A.extendsB.stretchesC.broadensD.traverses6.The c
3、urious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy .（分数：1.00）A.difficultB.worriedC.anxiousD.unhappy7.Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.（分数：1.00）A.competitiveB.diligentC.qualifiedD.competent8.These are our motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.argu
4、mentsC.targetsD.stimuli9.Smoking is not permitted in the office.（分数：1.00）A.probablyB.possibleC.admittedD.allowed10.I feel regret about what“s happened.（分数：1.00）A.sorryB.disappointedC.shamefulD.disheartened11.They always mock me because I am ugly.（分数：1.00）A.smile atB.look down onC.belittleD.laugh at1
5、2.Guests were scared when the bomb exploded.（分数：1.00）A.frightenedB.killedC.endangeredD.rescued13.They are endeavoring to change society as a whole.（分数：1.00）A.tryingB.workingC.doingD.making14.The story was touching .（分数：1.00）A.inspiringB.boringC.movingD.frightening15.Although originally a German inno
6、vation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children.（分数：1.00）A.an easyB.a playfulC.an openD.a better二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)They Say Ireland“s the BestIreland is the best place in the world to live in for 2005, accor
7、ding to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain“s Economist magazine last week. The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being. The index of 111 countries uses data on incom
8、es, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls “freedom, family and community life“. Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion (拥挤), gender inequality and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an i
9、mpressive 8.33 points out of 10. That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe. troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest (最差的), picking up only 3.89 points. “Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued,“ the
10、 report said, “some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown (崩溃) in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.“ “Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain
11、warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life.“ The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics. No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden,
12、 Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain. The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP (人均国内生产总值) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey.
13、 China was in the lower half of the league at 60th.（分数：7.00）(1).For 2,005 years, Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Job security is the least important measure of life quality.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Cost of living in Ire
14、land is pretty high.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not ment
15、ioned(6).To measure life quality is easy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)About NamesUsually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer
16、. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is “What“s your name?“ Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct. Have you ever wondered about people“s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean? People“s first names, or given names, are chosen
17、 by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones. Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clar
18、a means “bright“; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness“; Donald means “world ruler“; Leonard means “as brave as a lion“. The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook (小溪); someone who was called Longstreet prob
19、ably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest. Other early surnames came from people“s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, Smiths were very important workers in
20、 every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter a person who made pots and pans. The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter“s great-great-great-grandfather probably bu
21、ilt houses and furniture. Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself J
22、ohn Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer. Some family names were made by adding something to the father“s name. English-speaking people added -s or -son. The Johnsons are descendants of John the Roberts family“s ancestor
23、was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MaeDonnells and the McDonnells and the O“ Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. The formation of some family names B. Sources of surnames C. The names D. First names chosen by parents
24、 E. Possible meaning of names F. Names given after place names（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）(5).The given name in George Washington Smith is after 1. A. John was tall B. the well-known first President of U. S. A. C. John“s ancestors are tal
25、l D. the Donnells E. make pots and pans F. the McDonnells（分数：1.00）(6).The ancestors of the Potter family most probably 1.（分数：1.00）(7).The name of John Tallman means that 1.（分数：1.00）(8).It is possible that the MacDonnells are offsprings of 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)F
26、ind Yourself Packing It On? Blame FriendsObesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close friends tend to gain weight, too. Their study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine , involved a detailed analysis of
27、 a large social network of 12,067 people who had been closely followed for 32 years, from 1971 to 2003. The investigators knew who was friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling or neighbor, and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades. That let them r
28、econstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese. Did their friends also become obese? Did family members? Or neighbors? The answer, the researchers report, was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese. That increased a person“s chances of becoming o
29、bese by 57 percent. There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight, however, and family members had less influence than friends. It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away, the influence remained. And the greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends. The
30、re, if one became obese, the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese, too. The same effect seemed to occur for weight loss, the investigators say. But since most people were gaining, not losing, over the 32 years, the result was, on average, that people grew fatter. Dr. Nicholas A
31、. Christakis, a physician and professor of medical sociology at Harvard Medical School and a principal investigator in the new study, said one explanation was that friends affected each others“ perception of fatness. When a close friend becomes obese, obesity may not look so bad. “You change your id
32、ea of what is an acceptable body type by looking at the people around you,“ Dr. Christakis said. The investigators say their findings can help explain why Americans have become fatter in recent yearseach person who became obese was likely to drag along some friends. Their analysis was unique, Dr. Ch
33、ristakis said, because it moved beyond a simple analysis of one person and his or her social contacts and instead examined an entire social network at once, looking at how a person“s friend“s friends, or a spouse“s sibling“s friends, could have an influence on a person“s weight. The effects, he said
34、, “highlight the importance of a spreading process, a kind of social contagion, that spreads through the network.“ Of course, the investigators say, social networks are not the only factors that affect body weight. There is a strong genetic component at work, too. Science has shown that individuals
35、have genetically determined ranges of weights, spanning perhaps 30 or so pounds for each person. But that leaves a large role for the environment in determining whether a person“s weight is near the top of his or her range or near the bottom. As people have gotten fatter, it appears that many are ed
36、ging toward the top of their ranges. The question has been why. If the new research is correct, it may say that something in the environment seeded what some call an obesity epidemic, making a few people gain weight. Then social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.（分数：15.00）(1).Who had the great
37、est influence on people who became obese?（分数：3.00）A.Their friends.B.Their neighbours.C.Their family members.D.Their colleagues.(2).Which of the following statements about a friend“s influence is false according to the report?（分数：3.00）A.Friends had more influence than family members on people who bec
38、ame obese.B.Even if the friend lives far away, the influence still remained.C.People were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny friends.D.The greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends.(3).According to Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, what is the explanation for friends being th
39、e greatest influence?（分数：3.00）A.Friends usually spend a lot of time together.B.Friends share similar eating habits.C.Friends are more important than family members.D.Friends affected each others“ feelings of fatness.(4).Which factor of becoming obese is not mentioned in this report?（分数：3.00）A.Social
40、 contact.B.Genetic information.C.Life style.D.Environmental influences.(5).In what way is obesity contagious and epidemic?（分数：3.00）A.Social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.B.Individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights.C.Obesity can easily spread from one to another without any
41、physical contact.D.Obesity can spread rapidly and extensively by infection and affecting many individuals in an area or a population at the same time.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Beginning of American LiteratureAmerican has always been a land of beginnings. After Europeans “discovered“ America in the fi
42、fteenth century, the mysterious New World became for many people a genuine hope of a new life, an escape from poverty and persecution, a chance to start again. We can say that, as nation, America begins with that hope . When, however, does American literature begin? American literature begins with A
43、merican experiences. Long before the first colonists arrived, before Christopher Columbus, before the Northmen who “found“ America about the year 1,000, native Americans lived here. Each tribe“s literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and reflected the unmistakably American experi
44、ence of lining with the land. Another kind of experience, one filled with fear and excitement, found its expression in the reports that Columbus and other explorers sent home in Spain, French and English. In addition, the journals of the people who lived and died in the New England wilderness tell u
45、nforgettable tales of hard and sometimes heartbreaking experiences of those early years. Experience, then, is the key to early American literature. The New World provided a great variety of experiences, and these experiences demanded a wide variety of expressions by an even wider variety of early Am
46、erican writers. These writers included John Smith, who spent only two-and-a-half years on the American continent. They included Jonathan Edwards and William Byrd, who thought of themselves as British subjects, never suspecting a revolution that would create a United States of America with a literatu
47、re of its own. American Indians, explorers, Puritan ministers, frontier wives, plantation ownerthey are all the creators of the first American literature.（分数：15.00）(1).What does “that hope“ in the first paragraph refer to?（分数：3.00）A.The hope that America would be discovered.B.The hope to start a new
48、 life.C.The hope to see the mysteries of the New World.D.The hope to find poverty here.(2).When did American literature begin?（分数：3.00）A.Before the American natives lived there.B.When Columbus and other explorers sent reports back home.C.When the Northmen found America in about 1,000.D.Long before t
49、he year 1,000.(3).What can we learn from the literature of the tribes of the native Americans?（分数：3.00）A.About the everyday life of the native Americans.B.About the arrival of Columbus.C.About the experience of the first European settlers.D.About the experience of those who died in the New England wilderness.(4).The main purpose of the last paragraph is to tell the readers that（分数：3.00）A.in the early days most American writers were from Great BritainB.people with rich life experiences became writersC.there were many writers in the early days of American historyD.early-day experience provid
