1、职称英语综合类 A 级模拟 77 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Maria Chapman, abolitionist and close associate of William Lloyed Garrison, wrote many brochures condemning slavery.（分数：1.00）A.slogansB.short poemsC.sentimentsD.short pamphlets2.Its evident that her handling of them has brui
2、sed the peaches.（分数：1.00）A.promulgatedB.infatuatedC.damagedD.infuriated3.Messalina“s name has become a byword for notorious behavior.（分数：1.00）A.an epithetB.an abstractionC.an indicationD.an oration4.The caliber of F. Scott Fitzgerald“s writing was reassessed by literary critics in the 1950“s.（分数：1.0
3、0）A.idealismB.creativityC.qualityD.imagery5.People fishing on a lake must wait calmly so as not to scare the fish away.（分数：1.00）A.consideratelyB.hungrilyC.alertlyD.quietly6.Laser beams can be used to bore metals and other hard materials.（分数：1.00）A.trimB.meltC.drillD.slice7.The cost of elections in t
4、he United States is borne by both the government and the private sector.（分数：1.00）A.knownB.foughtC.exposedD.assumed8.Acknowledged as the main cause of hay fever the pollen of ragweed is very bothersome .（分数：1.00）A.intriguingB.annoyingC.potentD.significant9.They got in quite a brawl .（分数：1.00）A.snitB.
5、fightC.ballyD.littering10.Do you follow what I am saying?（分数：1.00）A.changeB.investigateC.writeD.understand11.She eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers.（分数：1.00）A.in a wayB.in due courseC.in the endD.in any case12.Five minutes left, the outcome of the match was still in doubt.（分数
6、：1.00）A.resultB.judgmentC.decisionD.event13.The reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct .（分数：1.00）A.movementB.wordsC.principleD.behavior14.He made a considerable sum of money in real estate.（分数：1.00）A.largeB.positiveC.powerfulD.realistic15.A crowd gathered to see what had happened.（分数：1.00）A.
7、collectedB.fixedC.dividedD.assist二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Why is the Native Language Learnt So WellHow does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledg
8、e or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference? Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the chil
9、d himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the righ
10、t pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation. Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while
11、an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such
12、as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled. Finally
13、, though a child“s “teachers“ may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.（分数：7.00）(1).Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.（分数：1.0
14、0）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Adults“ knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not men
15、tioned(4).Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children“s success of learning their mother tongue.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.W
16、rongC.Not mentioned(6).Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher“s close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language t
17、eaching training he has received.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Hurricanes (龙卷风)Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. but in 1953, females names were give
18、n because of the unpredictability (不可预知) factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist (性别歧视的) nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women. Hurricanes and typhoons (台风) are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, fr
19、om the West Indian word hurricane, meaning “big wind.“ And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning “great wind.“ To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diamet
20、er. Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its Stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses (凝结) from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator (赤道). To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air, the kind of air that can
21、 only be found in tropical region. Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is
22、 that we don“t know how to make sure such great energy work for us. Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same locati
23、on for several days. It can be maddening (发疯的) if you live in a coastal area that may be hit. The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these, we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and des
24、troy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. A short history of naming hurricanes B. Harnessing the hurricane energy C. Difficulty in forecasting the course of a hurricane D. Huge energy stored in a hurricane E. Forecasting a hurricane through satellit
25、e watching F. Different names for the same things（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of 1. A. the timely (及时的) discovery B. convenience C. sex equality D. its connection with hu
26、mans E. the huge power F. its uncertainty（分数：1.00）(6).Using weather satellites can ensure 1 of hurricanes.（分数：1.00）(7).Energy specialists may be interested in 1 of hurricanes.（分数：1.00）(8).Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第
27、一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past, these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the I
28、nternet, and some journals publish only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
29、Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information availab
30、le on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature. Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventi
31、ng, diagnosing or treating a particular disease. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a
32、research or review article published in the same issue. Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles publishe
33、d in that journal.（分数：15.00）(1).The main readers of medical journals are（分数：3.00）A.the general public.B.health professionals.C.medical critics.D.news reporters.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.Many medical journals also publish online.B.A few medical journals are general
34、medical journals.C.Most medical journals publish only online.D.Most medical journals are specialty journals.(3).How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Five.B.Seven.C.Four.D.Six.(4).An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called（分数
35、：3.00）A.a research article.B.a review article.C.a case report.D.an editorial.(5).Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on（分数：3.00）A.any medical event.B.articles published in the same issue.C.articles published in that journal.D.medical development.六、第二篇(总题数：1，
36、分数：15.00)Lateral ThinkingLateral thinking (迂回思维), first described by Edward de Bono in 1967, is just a few years older than Edward“s son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but de Bono name was so famous, Casper“s parents worried that any time he would say somethi
37、ng bright at school, his teachers might snap, “Where do you get that idea from?“ “We had to be careful and not overdo it,“ Edward admits. Now Casper is at Oxfordwhich once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic (诵读困难). In fact, when he was applying to Oxford, none of his school teacher
38、s thought he had a chance. “So then we did several thinking sessions,“ his father says, “using my techniques and, when he went up for the exam, he did extremely well.“ Soon after, Edward de Bono decided to write his latest book, “Teach Your Children How to Think“, in which he transforms the thinking
39、 skills he developed for brainstorming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share. Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and everybody knows that children aren“t very logical. So isn“t it an uphill battle, trying to teach them to t
40、hink? “You know,“ Edward de Bono says, “if you examine people“s thinking, it is quite unusual to find faults of logic. But the faults of perception are huge! Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.“ “Teach Your Child How to Think“ offers lessons in perception improvement, of
41、 clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and of exploring the alternatives.（分数：15.00）(1).What is TRUE about Casper?（分数：3.00）A.He is Edward“s son.B.He is an adventurous thinker.C.He first described lateral thinking.D.He is often scolded by his teacher.(2).Casper succeeded in apply
42、ing to Oxford because（分数：3.00）A.he was careful and often overworked.B.all of his school teachers thought he had a chance.C.he used in the exam the techniques provided by his father.D.he read the book “Teach Your Child How to Think“ before the exam.(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward（
43、分数：3.00）A.was likely to improve children“s logic with his book.B.gave a description of lateral thinking several years after his son was born.C.was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexic.D.once taught businessmen how to think before he wrote for parents and children.
44、(4).According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements expresses Edward de Bono“s view?（分数：3.00）A.Everybody knows that children aren“t very logical.B.It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.C.We often think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.D.Thinking is trad
45、itionally regarded as something, executed in a logical sequence.(5).Lateral thinking refers to the following EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.improving one“s logic in thinking.B.improving one“s perception in thinking.C.seeing the implications of what you are saying.D.exploring the alternatives for what you are sayi
46、ng.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)New U.S. Plan for Disease PreventionUrging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease
47、, cancer and diabetes. The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseasesthe leading causes of death in the United Statesand outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise. “In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illn
48、ess, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,“ the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement. The causes are often behavioralsmoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise. “I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy
49、 choice for our future,“ Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative. “Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.“ Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003. “These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier, longer lives,“ he said. The $15 million is slated to go to communities to promote pre
