1、职称英语综合类 A 级模拟 71 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.He is too young to be able to distinguish between right and wrong.（分数：1.00）A.discardB.discernC.disperseD.disregard2.It was no match that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.（分数：1.00）A.coincidenceB.convent
2、ionC.certaintyD.complication3.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships strictly follow traffic rules in busy harbors.（分数：1.00）A.cautiouslyB.dutifullyC.faithfullyD.skillfully4.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems
3、to be unconcerned about the welfare of his animals.（分数：1.00）A.critical aboutB.indignant atC.indifferent toD.subject to5.The chairman of the board imposed on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.（分数：1.00）A.compelledB.posedC.pressedD.tempted6.Why sho
4、uld anyone want to read abstracts of books by great authors when the real pleasure comes from reading the originals.（分数：1.00）A.themesB.insightsC.digestsD.leaflets7.Parents have a legal duty to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.（分数：1.00）A.impulseB.
5、influenceC.obligationD.sympathy8.Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a small number .（分数：1.00）A.scarcityB.minorityC.minimumD.shortage9.David likes country life and has decided to undertake fanning.（分数：1.00）A.go in forB.go back onC.go through withD.go
6、 along with10.Jack was about to announce our plan but I interrupt him.（分数：1.00）A.put him throughB.turned him outC.gave him upD.cut him short11.I am sure I can persuade him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night.（分数：1.00）A.speakB.sayC.talkD.tell12.Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sha
7、rply dropped .（分数：1.00）A.declinedB.lessenedC.descendedD.slipped13.The republication of the poet“s most recent works will certainly heighten his national reputation.（分数：1.00）A.magnifyB.strengthenC.enlargeD.enhance14.Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children iterate a violent act
8、 previously seen on television.（分数：1.00）A.modifyingB.duplicatingC.acceleratingD.stimulating15.This kind of material can resist heat and moisture.（分数：1.00）A.deleteB.compelC.constrainD.repel二、第二部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Step Back in TimeDo you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were bo
9、rn before us? One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45. But now, she can live until at least 80. One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better. We know which foods are good for US and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get
10、all the healthy things they need. We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again. And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily. But in order that we don“t slip back into bad habits, let“s have a look at what life was like 100 years
11、ago. Families had between 15 and 20 children, although many babies didn“t live long. Children suffered from lots of diseases, especially rickets (佝偻病) and scurvy (坏血病), which are both caused by bad diets. This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well. Really p
12、oor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string, because there was no room for them to lie down. People didn“t have fridges until the 1920s. They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills (窗台板), blocks of ice, or eve
13、n burying it in the garden. Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight 1o earn money for their parents. If you had lived 100 years ago, you might well be selling matchsticks (火柴杆) (a job done by many children) or working with your dad by now.（分数：7.00）(1).On average women lived long
14、er than men 100 years ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).A hundred years ago many kids died at all early age.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Poor diets can lead to such diseases as ricket
15、s and scurvy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned.(6).An Englishman invented the fridge in the 1920s.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Life was not easy for many children living 1
16、00 years ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Things to Know about the UK1. From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It“s now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with
17、 great nightlife and attraction. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping-the UK is among the world“s best. 2. Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you“re one of these people, you“d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football ma
18、tch, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It“s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK. 3. Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) a
19、irlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. Where coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London“s famous black cabs
20、 are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London“s underground is called the Tube. It“s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city. 4. The UK is not famous for its food. But you still n
21、eed to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a
22、 pot of tea. Other things like shepherd“s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture. 5. Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is di
23、fferent from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.
24、（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. Education B. People C. Transport D. Drink E. Food F. Nightlife（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）(5).The UK is a country that is 1. A. faster but more expensive than buses B. both ancient and modern C. humorous and
25、 hospitable D. cheap and efficient E. traditional and famous F. clever and hardworking（分数：1.00）(6).The British people are 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Coaches in the UK are 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Fish and chips are 1.（分数：1.00）四、第四部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Diminishing Scientific Leadership of the U.S.
26、With the rapid globalization of science itself (more than 40 percent of scientific Ph.D. students trained in the United States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of whom return to their countries of origin), the once undisputed U.S. scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is d
27、iminishing. The competition of foreign students for positions in U.S. graduate schools has also contributed to making scientific training relatively unattractive to U.S. students, because the rapidly increasing supply of students has diminished the relative rewards of this career path. For the best
28、and brightest from low-income countries. A position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas the best and brightest U.S. students might now see better options in other fields. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition (w
29、hether imported or available through better communication), also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U.S. students. With respect to the role of universities in the innovation process the speculative boom of the 1990s (which, among other things, made it possible to convert scientific fi
30、ndings into cash rather quickly) was largely unexpected. The boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while, the path between discoveries in basic scie
31、nce and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path will likely revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish, in a healthy way, the more traditional (and more independent) relationship between the basic research done at universities and
32、those entities that translate ideas into products and services. In the intervening years, another new force also greatly facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-bandwidth international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quir
33、e removed from manufacturing, other business functions and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for real-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of their specific locations. For example, software are development, with all its changes and complications
34、, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U.S. customer. Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away. The result is that low-wage workers in the Far East and in some other countries are coming into even more direct competition with a much wider sp
35、ectrum of U.S. labor: unskilled in the case of call centers; more highly skilled in the case of programmers.（分数：15.00）(1).The rapid globalization of science _.（分数：3.00）A.has led to the rapid growth of the InternetB.has diminished the relative rewards of science and engineering careersC.has resulted
36、in the fierce competition of scientific training the U.S.D.has contributed to the diminish of U. S. scientific leadership(2).According to this text _.（分数：3.00）A.the careers unattractive to U. S. students may not be so to foreign studentsB.science and engineering careers are unattractive exclusively
37、to U.S. studentsC.S. students age not courageous enough to face foreign competitionD.S. students are not well prepared to compete with foreign students(3).It can be inferred from the text that _.（分数：3.00）A.scientists rarely expect to make money from their discoveries in basic scienceB.it will be muc
38、h easier to convert scientific findings into cash in the near futureC.the boom of the 1990s could be considered somewhat unhealthyD.the boom of the 1990s will last at least for several decades(4).All of the following might have contributed to globalization except _.（分数：3.00）A.the unprecedented devel
39、opment of InternetB.the closer contact of universities with private marketsC.real time communication between business functionsD.the prevalence of wide bandwidth international communication(5).This text is mainly about _.（分数：3.00）A.the scientific leadership of the U.S.B.the shortage of scientists in
40、 the U.S.C.the rapid globalization of scienceD.better communication and globalization六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Influence of Western MovieWhy does the Western movie especially have such a hold (影响) on our inclination? Chiefly, because it offers serious insights into the problem of violence such as can
41、 be found almost nowhere else in our culture. One of the well-known peculiarities of modem civilized opinion is its refusal to acknowledge the value of violence. This refusal is a virtue, but like many virtues it involves a certain deliberate blindness and it encourages hypocrisy (虚伪). We train ours
42、elves to be shocked or bored by cultural images of violence, and our very concept of heroism tends to be a passive one. We are less drawn to the brave young men who kill large numbers of our enemies than to the heroic prisoners who endure torture without surrendering. And in the criticism of popular
43、 culture, the presence of images of violence is often assumed to be in itself a sufficient ground for condemnation. These attitudes, however, have not reduced the element of violence in our culture but have helped to free it from morn control by letting it take on the air of “liberation“. The celebr
44、ation of acts of violence is left more and more to the irresponsible. The gangster (匪徒) movie, with its numerous variations belongs to a cultural “underground“ which praises violence aid sets it against all our higher social attitudes. It is a more “modern“ style than the Western movie, perhaps even
45、 more profound, because it confronts industrial society on its own ground-the city and because, like much of our advanced art, it gains its effects by a coarse insistence on its own narrow logic. But it is anti-social resting on fantasies of irresponsible freedom. If we are brought finally to conced
46、e to the denial of these fantasies, it is only because they have been shown to be dangerous, not because they have given way to higher values of behavior. In war movies, certainly, it is possible to present violence within a framework of responsibility. But there is the disadvantage that modern war
47、is a co-operative enterprise in which violence is largely impersonal and heroism belongs to the group more than to the individual. The hero of a war movie is most often simply a leader supposed to be brave; you are supposed to get the job done and stay alive (this too, of course, is a kind of heroic
48、 posture, but a new and “practical“ one). At its best, the war movie may represent a more civilized point of view than the Western, and if it were not continually spoiled by ideological sentimentality we might hope to find it developing into a higher form of drama. But it cannot supply the values we
49、 seek in the Western.（分数：15.00）(1).The author considers gangster movies to be _.（分数：3.00）A.subversiveB.incredibleC.illogicalD.artistic(2).What“s the result of modern civilized opinion about violence?（分数：3.00）A.The positive gain of more emancipated attitude.B.A less responsible attitude to violence.C.Violent celebration of various kinds.D.Some small reduction in violence.(3).According to the author, the concept of heroism in war films is expressed in terms of _.（分数：3.00）A.tremendous personal courageB.an indifference to violenceC.able leadershipD.a denial of su
