1、职称英语综合类 A 级分类模拟 4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：10，分数：100.00)Doubtful Ways to Reduce and Increase Your WeightYou hear this: “No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat.“ You feel sad: “I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?“ Basically you can
2、do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it. Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, “80 percent of the children of two obese (肥胖的) parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 perc
3、ent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.“ How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given
4、a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45ka on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic (新陈代谢的) measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starv
5、ing. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn“t result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of
6、starved nonobese people. Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their wei
7、ght by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly baffle their genetic inheritance if they
8、 want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was trueeach person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range
9、 is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.（分数：10.00）(1).What determines your weight?（分数：2.00）A.Your working manner.B.Your eating habit.C.Your life style.D.Your genes.(2).What did Jules Hirsch do to the eight fa
10、t people in his study?（分数：2.00）A.He let them skip supper.B.He let them skip breakfast.C.He let them run every morning and evening.D.He gave them a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.(3).What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?（分数：2.00）A.They went mad.B.They killed
11、 themselves.C.They were back to normal weight.D.They attempted suicide.(4).Ethan Sims made his subjects _.（分数：2.00）A.battle their genetic inheritanceB.increase their weightC.suffer from hungerD.lower their weight(5).What did scientists think was true?（分数：2.00）A.Each person has a fixed weight range.B
12、.Each person has a weight range of 9kg.C.Each person wants to control, his or her weight.D.Each person wants to eat to his or her heart“s content.Milosevic“s DeathFormer Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic was found dead last Saturday in his cell at the Hague-based International Criminal Tribunal for
13、 the former Yugoslavia. The 64-year-old had been on trial there since February 2002. Born in provincial Pozarevac in 1941, he was the second son of a priest and a school teacher. Both of his parents died when he was still a young adult. The young Milosevic was “untypical“, says Slavoljub Djukic, his
14、 unofficial biographer. He was “not interested in sports, avoided excursions(短途旅行)and used to come to school dressed in the old-fashioned way-white shirt and tie.“ One of his old friends said, he could “imagine him as a station-master or punctilious(一丝不苟的)civil servant.“ Indeed that is exactly what
15、he might have become, had he not married Mira. She was widely believed to be his driving force. At university and beyond he did well. He worked for various firms and was a communist party member. By 1986 he was head of Serbia“s Central Committee. But still he had not yet really been noticed. It was
16、Kosovo that gave him his chance. An autonomous province of Serbia, Kosovo was home to an Albanian majority and a Serbian minority. In 1989, he was sent there to calm fears of Serbians who felt they were discriminated against. But instead he played the nationalist card and became their champion. In s
17、o doing, he changed into a ruthless(无情 的)and determined man. At home with Mira he plotted the downfall of his political enemies. Conspiring(密谋)with the director of Serbian TV, he mounted a modern media campaign which aimed to get him the most power in the country. He was elected Serbian president in
18、 1990. In 1997, he became president of Yugoslavia. The rest of the story is well-known: his nationalist card caused Yugoslavia“s other ethnic groups to fight for their own rights, power and lands. Yugoslavia broke up when four of the six republics declared independence in 1991. War started and laste
19、d for years and millions died. Then Western countries intervened. NATO bombed Yugoslavia, and he eventually stepped down as state leader in 2000. Soon after this, Serbia“s new government, led by Zoran Djindjic, arrested him and sent him to face justice at the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal in the Hagu
20、e.（分数：10.00）(1).Where did Milosevic die?（分数：2.00）A.In a basement.B.In a prison.C.In Kosovo.D.In his own country.(2).Which of the following is NOT true of the young Milosevic?（分数：2.00）A.He dressed in a pretty old-fashioned way.B.He was not interested in sports.C.He often avoided excursions.D.He was e
21、xtremely ambitious.(3).All of the following persons changed his fate in one way or another except _.（分数：2.00）A.MiraB.his parentsC.Zoran DjindjicD.the Director of Serbian TV(4).Why was Milosevic sent to Kosovo in 1989?（分数：2.00）A.To handle economic issues.B.To drive the Albanians back to their own cou
22、ntry.C.To remove the Serbians“ fears of being discriminated against.D.To launch an attack against his political enemies.(5).What happened in 1991?（分数：2.00）A.Yugoslavia broke up.B.Western countries intervened.C.NATO bombed Yugoslavia.D.Milosevic was arrested.IS the Tie a Necessity?Ties, or neckties,
23、have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties? Maybe. Last week, the
24、 UK“s Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives. In fact, Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were
25、celebrities without ties, which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past. For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like C
26、allaghan, the tie was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a partyalmost every social occasion. But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions. The origin of the tie is tricky. I
27、t started as something called simply a “band“. The term could mean anything around a man“s neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear impressed Charles , the king of England who was exiled to France at that time. When he
28、 returned to England in 1660, he brought this new fashion item along with him. It wasn“t, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then, clubs military institutions and schools began to use c
29、olored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer“s membership in the late 19th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen. But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which
30、 tie suits you and your mood.（分数：10.00）(1).The tie symbolizes all of the following except _.（分数：2.00）A.respectB.eleganceC.politenessD.democracy(2).Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie?（分数：2.00）A.Because he wants to make a show.B.Because he wants to attract attention.C.Bec
31、ause ties are costly.D.Because he wants to live in a casual way.(3).Which of the following is NOT a social occasion?（分数：2.00）A.Going to church.B.Going to work in the office.C.Staying at home.D.Going to a party.(4).Who brought the Frenchmen“s neckwear to Britain?（分数：2.00）A.Tony Blair.B.Charles .C.Jim
32、 Callaghan.D.Andrew 大气压力 Turnbull.(5).When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly?（分数：2.00）A.After the late 19th century.B.In the 1630s.C.In 1660.D.In the late 18th century.Weather MapA weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents a contin
33、uous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual Pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air
34、mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time. All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map
35、accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approach
36、ing storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook“ which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which
37、often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms. Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms
38、 over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produce
39、d additional orographical precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.（分数：10.00）(1).One characteristic of weather maps not mentioned by the author in this passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.wind speedB.t
40、hermal changesC.frontsD.barometric pressure(2).The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining_.（分数：2.00）A.upper air levelsB.satellite reportsC.changing frontsD.daily air maps(3).The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because it _.（分数：2.00）A.gives the scientist inform
41、ation not obtained readily otherwiseB.enables man to alter the weatherC.uses electronic instrumentsD.is modern(4).A weather map is synoptic because it _.（分数：2.00）A.summarizes a great deal of informationB.can be interpreted accuratelyC.appears dailyD.shows changing fronts(5).At the present time，exper
42、iments are being conducted in _.（分数：2.00）A.30-day “outlook“B.controlling stormsC.satellitesD.manipulating weatherLanguageLanguage is and should be a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the
43、language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge
44、 is perhaps akin to the cult of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter. The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sh
45、arper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen generation or two ago. The modern theatre has played a baneful part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw (who
46、 was also very insistent off good pronunciation), audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, to exhibit “lack of communication“, and larded with the obscenities and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised he
47、r readers. “The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech.“ Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better. But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to
48、raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the pronunciation unit coyly put it. “In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers.“ To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience
49、 of verbal squalor. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnnys incoherent grammar, atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.（分数：10.00）(1).The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that both _.（分数：2.00）A.occasionally aim at a certain degree of fluidityB.from time to time show concern for the finishing touchC.appear to shun perfectionD.may make use of economical shor
